Omitting Axillary Dissection in Breast Cancer with Sentinel-Node Metastases.

BACKGROUND: Trials evaluating the omission of completion axillary-lymph-node dissection in patients with clinically node-negative breast cancer and sentinel-lymph-node metastases have been compromised by limited statistical power, uncertain nodal radiotherapy target volumes, and a scarcity of data on relevant clinical subgroups. METHODS: We conducted a noninferiority trial in which patients with clinically node-negative primary T1 to T3 breast cancer (tumor size, T1, ≤20 mm; T2, 21 to 50 mm; and T3, >50 mm in the largest dimension) with one or two sentinel-node macrometastases (metastasis size, >2 mm in the largest dimension) were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to completion axillary-lymph-node dissection or its omission (sentinel-node biopsy only). Adjuvant treatment and radiation therapy were used in accordance with national guidelines. The primary end point was overall survival. We report here the per-protocol and modified intention-to-treat analyses of the prespecified secondary end point of recurrence-free survival. To show noninferiority of sentinel-node biopsy only, the upper boundary of the confidence interval for the hazard ratio for recurrence or death had to be below 1.44. RESULTS: Between January 2015 and December 2021, a total of 2766 patients were enrolled across five countries. The per-protocol population included 2540 patients, of whom 1335 were assigned to undergo sentinel-node biopsy only and 1205 to undergo completion axillary-lymph-node dissection (dissection group). Radiation therapy including nodal target volumes was administered to 1192 of 1326 patients (89.9%) in the sentinel-node biopsy-only group and to 1058 of 1197 (88.4%) in the dissection group. The median follow-up was 46.8 months (range, 1.5 to 94.5). Overall, 191 patients had recurrence or died. The estimated 5-year recurrence-free survival was 89.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 87.5 to 91.9) in the sentinel-node biopsy-only group and 88.7% (95% CI, 86.3 to 91.1) in the dissection group, with a country-adjusted hazard ratio for recurrence or death of 0.89 (95% CI, 0.66 to 1.19), which was significantly (P<0.001) below the prespecified noninferiority margin. CONCLUSIONS: The omission of completion axillary-lymph-node dissection was noninferior to the more extensive surgery in patients with clinically node-negative breast cancer who had sentinel-node macrometastases, most of whom received nodal radiation therapy. (Funded by the Swedish Research Council and others; SENOMAC ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02240472.).

Oncological Safety of Skipping Axillary Lymph Node Dissection in Patients with Clinical N0, Sentinel Node-Positive Breast Cancer Undergoing Total Mastectomy.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine whether sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) alone could afford oncological outcomes comparable with axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) in patients with early breast cancer without palpable lymphadenopathy who underwent total mastectomy (TM) and were SLN-positive. METHODS: This study analyzed clinical data of 6747 patients with breast cancer who underwent TM between 2014 and 2018 in two tertiary hospitals in Korea. Overall, 643 clinical stage T1-3 N0 patients who did not receive neoadjuvant therapy and had one to two metastatic SLNs at the time of surgery were included. Propensity score matching was performed between the SLNB alone and ALND groups, adjusting for clinical T stage and number of metastatic SLNs. In total, 237 patients were allocated to each group. RESULTS: Mean number of metastatic SLNs was 1.2 for the SLNB group and 1.6 for the ALND group. With a median follow-up of 65.0 months, 5 year disease-free survival was 90.8% for the SLNB group and 93.9% for the ALND group (hazard ratio [HR] 1.35, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.70-2.58; p = 0.36). 5 year ipsilateral locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRRFS) was not significantly different between the two groups (95.1% and 98.3% for the SLNB and ALND groups, respectively) [HR 1.86, 95% CI 0.69-5.04; p = 0.21]. In the SLNB group, patients who received radiation therapy (RT) showed superior 5 year LRRFS than patients who did not receive RT (100% vs. 92.9%; p = 0.02). CONCLUSION: Collectively, our findings suggest that SLNB could afford comparable outcomes to ALND in patients with early breast cancer and one to two metastatic SLNs who underwent TM. Importantly, RT could decrease locoregional recurrence in patients who underwent SLNB alone.

Robot-Assisted Pelvic Dissection for Enlarged Lymph Nodes in Melanoma Improves Recovery with Equivalent Oncological Outcomes to Open Pelvic Dissection.

BACKGROUND: Robot-assisted pelvic lymph node dissection (rPLND) has been reported in heterogenous groups of patients with melanoma, including macroscopic or at-high-risk-for microscopic metastasis. With changing indications for surgery in melanoma, and availability of effective systemic therapies, pelvic dissection is now performed for clinically detected bulky lymph node metastasis followed by adjuvant drug therapy. rPLND has not been compared with open pelvic lymph node dissection (oPLND) for modern practice. METHODS: All patients undergoing pelvic node dissection for macroscopic melanoma at a single institution were reviewed as a cohort, observational study. RESULTS: Twenty-two pelvic lymph node dissections were identified (8 oPLND; 14 rPLND). The number of pelvic lymph nodes removed was similar (median oPLND 6.5 (interquartile range [IQR] 6.0-12.5] versus rPLND 6.0 [3.75-9.0]), with frequent matted nodes (11/22, 50.0%). Operative time (median oPLND 130 min [IQR 95.5-182] versus rPLND 126 min [IQR 97.8-160]) and complications (Clavien-Dindo scale) were similar. Length of hospital stay (median 5.34 days (IQR 3.77-6.94) versus 1.98 days (IQR 1.39-3.50) and time to postoperative adjuvant therapy (median 11.6 weeks [IQR 10.6-18.5] versus 7.71 weeks [IQR 6.29-10.4]) were shorter in the rPLND group. No differences in pelvic lymph node recurrence (p = 0.984), distant metastatic recurrence (p = 0.678), or melanoma-specific survival (p = 0.655) were seen (median follow-up 21.1 months [rPLND] and 25.7 months [oPLND]). CONCLUSIONS: rPLND is an effective way to remove bulky pelvic lymph nodes in melanoma, with a shorter recovery and reduced interval to initiating adjuvant therapy compared with oPLND. This group of patients may especially benefit from neoadjuvant systemic approaches to management.

Linfoma anaplásico de células grandes asociado a implantes mamarios. Cuatro casos diagnosticados en la provincia de Alicante, España / Breast implant associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Four cases diagnosed in the province of Alicante, Spain

Introducción y Objetivo. El linfoma anaplásico de células grandes asociado a implantes mamarios es un subtipo de linfoma de células T periférico que se puede encontrar en la cápsula periprotésica, el fluido entre implante y cápsula en forma de seroma o en casos avanzados como enfermedad metastásica. Aportamos 4 casos clínicos de este tipo de linfoma diagnosticados en la provincia de Alicante, España, siendo de interés por ser escasa la incidencia reportada y pocos los trabajos científicos publicados a nivel nacional sobre esta patología. Material y método. Describimos estos 4 casos registrando: edad, antecedentes, indicación del implante, detalles de la cirugía previa, tipo de superficie y marca del implante, presentación clínica del cuadro y tratamiento administrado. Resultados. Dos casos correspondieron a cirugía estética y 2 a cirugía reconstructiva, la presentación clínica en 3 casos fue como seroma tardío y en 1 como linfadenopatía. Tres implantes eran de superficie texturizada y 1 de poliuretano. En todos los casos se realizó capsulectomía bilateral. Conclusiones. La aportación de nuestra serie contribuye a destacar la importancia de reportar los casos diagnosticados dada la escasa incidencia de la enfermedad y el reducido número de publicaciones sobre la misma en el ámbito iberolatinoamericano

Background and Objective. The anaplastic large cell lymphoma associated with breast implants is a subtype of peripheral T cell lymphoma that can be found in the periprosthetic capsule, the fluid between the implant and the capsule in the form of a seroma, or in advanced cases such as metastatic disease. We provide 4 clinical cases diagnosed in the province of Alicante, Spain, being of interest because of the low incidence reported and few published scientific papers nationwide. Methods. We describe these 4 clinical cases and recorded: age, history, implant indication, previous surgery details, implant type of surface and brand, clinical presentation of the pathology and treatment. Results. Two cases corresponded to cosmetic surgery and 2 to reconstructive surgery; clinical presentation in 3 cases was late seroma and lymphadenopathy in 1. Three implants had textured surface and one was of polyurethane. Bilateral capsulectomy was performed in all cases. Conclusions. The main contribution of our cases is to highlight the importance of informing about diagnosed cases, because of the rare incidence of the disease and the lack of publications about this theme in the Ibero-Latinamerican environment

Cáncer de ovario avanzado y linfadenectomía / No disponible

No disponible

Quilotórax secundario a linfoma no Hodgkin: una presentación poco habitual / Chylothorax secondary to non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: an unusual presentation

El quilotórax es una patología infrecuente que se produce por la efusión linfática de quilo al espacio pleural procedente del conducto torácico. Está causado por la obstrucción o perforación del mismo. Las causas del quilotórax son traumáticas, neoplasias, misceláneas e idiopáticas. Su diagnóstico debe sospecharse ante la apariencia lechosa y opalescente del líquido pleural, y se confirmará con la detección de triglicéridos o quilomicrones en el líquido. Clásicamente, su tratamiento se basa en medidas de soporte nutricional y drenaje del derrame. El pronóstico dependerá de la causa subyacente. Presentamos el caso de una paciente de 43 años estudiada por aumento de edemas en miembros inferiores y disnea de una semana de evolución, sin síndrome constitucional ni síntomas B asociados. En la exploración física se palpaban adenopatías a nivel de las regiones cervical, submandibular y supraclavicular izquierdas, junto con hipofonesis en base y campo medio izquierdos. La radiografía de tórax mostraba extenso derrame pleural izquierdo, realizándose toracocentesis diagnóstica, con líquido pleural de apariencia lechosa y opalescente e inmunofenotipo compatible con linfoma de célula grande. La tomografía computarizada y la biopsia quirúrgica de las adenopatías supraclaviculares, confirmaron el diagnóstico de linfoma no Hodgkin folicular

Chylothorax is an infrequent disease due to the lymphatic effusion of chyle into the pleural space from the thoracic duct. The causes of chylothorax are traumatic, tumors, miscellaneous and idiopathic. The diagnosis is suspected by the milky and opalescent appearance of the pleural fluid, and it will be confirmed by the detection of triglycerides or chylomicrons in the fluid. The treatment will be based on measures of nutritional support and drainage of the pleural effusion. The prognosis will depend on the underlying cause. We present a 43-years-old patient with 1-week history of increase edema of the lower limbs and dyspnea, without constitutional syndrome or B symptoms associated. On physical examination, adenopathies were palpable at left cervical, submandibular and supraclavicular regions. Chest radiography showed extensive left pleural effusion. We did a diagnostic thoracocentesis and we got a milky and opalescent pleural fluid. The immunophenotype was compatible with large cell lymphoma. Computed tomography and surgical biopsy of the adenopathies confirmed the diagnosis of follicular non-Hodgkin Lymphoma