Cavernous Hemangioma of the Mastoid Antrum.

Hemangioma is a common vascular neoplasm that arises in the head and neck regions but is rare in the petrous bone. We report the first case of a solitary cavernous hemangioma in the mastoid antrum. A 68-year-old woman visited our hospital with a complaint of tinnitus without any other symptoms. Tinnitus of the right ear occurred especially when the patient yawned or swallowed. Both tympanic membranes appeared normal on otoscopic examination. On pure-tone audiometry, mild hearing loss up to 25 dB was detected in the right ear. Temporal bone computed tomography revealed a 7.0 mm × 4.5 mm × 5 mm, solitary soft tissue mass in the aditus ad antrum. Excisional biopsy was performed under general anesthesia through the canal wall as in a mastoidectomy. The mass was completely removed without any bleeding or ossicular chain damage. The mass was confirmed as a cavernous hemangioma. During follow-up, the patient's tinnitus and right low-tone hearing loss improved. No solitary hemangioma of the mastoid antrum has been reported previously. Surgical excision of the lesion appears to be proper treatment to achieve pathologic confirmation along with resolution of symptoms.

Superior Canal Dehiscence and the Risk of Additional Dehiscences: A Retrospective CT Cohort Study.

OBJECTIVE: Determine if superior canal dehiscence (SCD) found on flat-panel CT increases the risk for other defects in the otic capsule. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Tertiary care center. PATIENTS: One hundred ears (50 with SCD and 50 matched controls without SCD). INTERVENTIONS: Flat-panel CT imaging. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: (1) Prevalence of other dehiscences in SCD ears, (2) dehiscences in controls, and (3) otic capsule thickness in other reported dehiscence locations (cochlea-carotid, lateral semicircular canal [SCC] and mastoid, facial nerve-lateral SCC, vestibular aqueduct, posterior SCC-jugular bulb, posterior SCC-posterior fossa). Between-group comparisons were considered significant at p < 0.007 after applying the Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. RESULTS: Not including the SCD, there was a mean of 0.04 additional dehiscences in the SCD group (n = 2/50, 4%) and 0.04 non-SCD dehiscences in the controls (n = 2/50, 4%, p > 0.007). In the SCD group, there was one dehiscence between the cochlea and carotid artery and one between the posterior SCC and posterior fossa. The control group had one enlarged vestibular aqueduct and one dehiscence between the facial nerve and lateral SCC. As a group, SCD ears had wider vestibular aqueducts (0.68 ± 0.20 vs 0.51 ± 0.30 mm, p < 0.007) and thinner bone between the posterior SCC and posterior fossa (3.12 ± 1.43 vs 4.34 ± 1.67 mm, p < 0.007). The bone between the facial nerve and lateral SCC was thicker in SCD ears (0.77 ± 0.23 vs 0.55 ± 0.27 mm, p < 0.007) and no different for cochlea-carotid, and lateral SCC and mastoid (p > 0.007). CONCLUSIONS: SCD does not increase the likelihood of a second dehiscence in the same otic capsule. SCD patients may have congenitally thinner otic capsule bones compared to controls, particularly near the posterior SCC, where the vestibular aqueduct may be enlarged.

Diagnostic and Imaging Findings in Inflammatory Opacifications of the Middle Ear: A Review of the Literature.

Opacification in the middle ear and mastoid region can stem from a wide range of factors. In terms of diagnostic imaging, CT is the primary tool due to its exceptional spatial resolution, particularly for examining the temporal bone and ossicles. MRI complements this by offering detailed soft tissue lesion characterization and assessing involvement in the inner ear and cranial nerves. This study focuses on inflammatory causes of opacification in the middle ear and mastoid, with an emphasis on the utility of CT and MRI. This comprehensive review aimed to provide a practical framework for considering potential differential diagnoses.

[Specialist consensus on endoscopic surgery of the middle ear mastoid].

This article discusses otoscopic middle ear mastoid surgery from multiple perspectives. Firstly, it discusses the indications and contraindications for surgery from the nature of the lesion and the imaging manifestations; secondly, it recommends the applicable equipment and describes the surgical approach in detail; finally, it summarizes the principles of the management of the operative cavity of the mastoid process in the middle ear from the perspectives of function and reconstruction. The purpose of this article is to illustrate otoscopic middle ear mastoid surgery with the aim of providing reference or guidance for performing related surgeries.

Colesteatoma congénito gigante en paciente octogenario / Giant congenital cholesteatoma in an octogenarian patient

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Indicaciones y hallazgos radiológicos de la otitis media aguda y sus complicaciones / Indications and radiological findings of acute otitis media and its complications

La mayor parte de casos de otitis media aguda se resuelven con el tratamiento farmacológico, y los estudios de imagen no están indicados. En los casos en los que el tratamiento fracasa o se sospecha complicación, las pruebas de imagen tendrán un papel fundamental. Desde la introducción del tratamiento antibiótico la frecuencia de complicaciones ha disminuido drásticamente. No obstante, dada su relevancia clínica crítica, es de vital importancia su diagnóstico precoz. Nuestro objetivo es revisar las manifestaciones clínicas y radiológicas de las complicaciones de la otitis media aguda, que clasificaremos según su localización en intratemporales e intracraneales. Las pruebas de imagen permiten diagnosticar la complicaciones de la otitis media aguda y establecer el tratamiento idóneo de forma precoz. La tomografía computarizada es la técnica de elección inicial, y en la mayor parte de casos la definitiva. La resonancia magnética se reservará para la valoración del oído interno y para los casos en los que sea necesaria una delimitación o caracterización más precisa de las complicaciones intracraneales (AU)

Most cases of acute otitis media resolve with antibiotics and imaging is not required. When treatment fails or a complication is suspected, imaging plays a crucial role. Since the introduction of antibiotic treatment, the complication rate has decreased dramatically. Nevertheless, given the critical clinical relevance of complications, the importance of early diagnosis is vital. Our objective was to review the clinical and radiological features of acute otitis media and its complications. They were classified based on their location, as intratemporal or intracranial. Imaging makes it possible to diagnose the complications of acute otitis media and to institute appropriate treatment. Computed tomography is the initial technique of choice and, in most cases, the ultimate. Magnetic resonance is useful for evaluating the inner ear and when accurate evaluation of disease extent or better characterization of intracranial complications is required (AU)

Discharging mastoid cavity caused by necrosis of the modiolus / Supuración de cavidad mastoidea por necrosis del modiolo

No disponible

Encondroma de mastoides secundario a encondromatosis generalizada / Enchondroma of the mastoid secondary to generalised enchondromatosis

No disponible

El osteoma en la mastoides, ¿un hallazgo incidental? / The mastoid osteoma, an incidental feature?

Los osteomas mastoideos son tumores óseos benignos que excepcionalmente aparecen en la mastoides, habiendo sido descritos 137 casos en la literatura actual. Suelen presentarse de un modo asintomático, aunque no siempre es así. Presentamos 3 casos de osteomas mastoideos: un osteoma pediculado con base de implantación en el antro mastoideo y con extensión hacia el canal ático antral, que coexistía con una otitis media colesteatomatosa, un osteoma mastoideo superficial asintomático y un osteoma sesil dependiente de la tabla interna de la escama del hueso temporal, en una paciente con un cuadro vertiginoso. Hacemos una revisión de esta rara entidad, y planteamos una posible asociación entre el osteoma mastoideo, el síndrome vertiginoso y la otitis media colesteatomatosa (AU)

Osteoma in the mastoid is a rare benign osteogenic tumour that has been described in literature in only 137 cases. It usually appears in asymptomatic patients, although a few cases are described associated with clinical manifestations. We report three cases of mastoid osteoma: a pedunculated osteoma in the aditus ad antrum (associated with a cholesteatoma), a superficial osteoma of the mastoid surface and a sessile osteoma that progressed to the temporal lobe (associated with vertigo). A brief review of this rare entity is presented and a possible association between mastoid osteoma, cholesteatoma otitis and vertigo is posed (AU)

Aplicação da ressonância magnética no acompanhamento da cirurgia do colesteatoma / The role of magnetic resonance imaging in the postoperative management of cholesteatomas

A tomografia computadorizada e ressonância magnética (RM) com seqüências convencionais têm baixa especificidade para a diferenciação entre tecido de granulação e recidiva de colesteatoma. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a aplicação da RM com sequência de difusão e pós-contraste T1 tardio na detecção de recidiva de colesteatoma. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Realizado estudo transversal prospectivo de dezessete pacientes estudados no pós-operatório de colesteatoma utilizando RM de 1.5 T com seqüência difusão, T1, T2 e pós-contraste T1 tardio nos planos coronal e axial. Dois radiologistas avaliaram e decidiram em consenso a presença de foco de hipersinal na difusão e T2, iso/hipossinal em T1 e ausência de impregnação pelo contraste como suspeitos de recidiva de colesteatoma. Os achados da revisão cirúrgica foram comparados com o resultado da RM. RESULTADOS: Onze dos doze casos de recidiva de colesteatoma apresentaram hipersinal na difusão. Todos os pacientes com tecido de granulação na cavidade cirúrgica não apresentaram alteração de sinal na difusão. Um paciente com abscesso no conduto auditivo interno também apresentou hipersinal na difusão. A sensibilidade, especificidade, valor preditivo positivo e negativo foram respectivamente 91,6 por cento, 60 por cento, 84,6 por cento e 75 por cento. CONCLUSÃO: A seqüência de difusão combinada com pós-contraste tardio pode ser útil na diferenciação entre tecido de granulação e recidiva de colesteatoma.

Conventional CT and MRI scans have low specificity when it comes to differentiating granulation tissue from relapsing cholesteatoma. AIM: this paper aims to analyze the use of DWI and delayed post-contrast T1-weighed imaging in the detection of recurring cholesteatomas. MATERIALS AND METHOD: this is a cross-sectional prospective study that looked at 17 cholesteatoma patients postoperatively. All patients underwent diffusion magnetic resonance imaging at 1.5T, T1, T2, and delayed post-contrast T1 and images were produced from both coronal and axial planes. Two radiologists assessed the images and decided consensually that the presence of hyperintensive signal in DWI on T2, iso/hypointensive signal on T1, and absence of contrast uptake were indicative of relapsing cholesteatoma. Surgical review findings were compared to DWI scans. RESULTS: eleven of the twelve cases of recurring cholesteatoma presented hyperintensive signal in the DWI scans. None of the patients with granulation tissue in the surgical wound presented hyperintensive signal in the DWI scans. A patient with an abscess in the internal acoustic meatus also presented a hyperintensive signal in the DWI scans. Sensibility, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 91.6 percent, 60.0 percent, 84.6 percent, and 75.0 percent, respectively. CONCLUSION: DWI combined with delayed post-contrast T1 SE sequence proved to be useful in the differential diagnosis of granulation tissue and recurring cholesteatoma.

Colesteatoma de conduto auditivo externo: relato de caso / Cholesteatoma of external auditory canal: a case report

Os autores apresentam um caso de colesteatoma de conduto auditivo externo (CCAE) com extensa invasão da mastóide, mas estando preservadas a membrana timpânica e a cadeia ossicular. Como único sintoma apresentava otorréia crônica. O diagnóstico da lesão foi clínico, sendo o seu estadiamento e planejamento cirúrgico realizados através da tomografia computadorizada. Como tratamento procedeu-se a mastoidectomia radical modificada associada à meatoplastia. O CCAE, por seu caráter insidioso e correlacão topográfica com estruturas nobres, deve ser sempre lembrado no diagnóstico diferencial das lesões do conduto auditivo externo. O relato deste caso tem o objetivo de revisar alguns aspectos clínicos e cirúrgicos no tratamento do CCAE e expor nossa conduta em um caso bastante evoluído da doenca.

Glial Choristoma in the Middle Ear and Mastoid Bone: A Case Report

Heterotopic brain tissue usually involves extracranial midline structures of the head and neck such as nose, nasopharynx, and oral cavity. Its occurrence in the non-midline structures, including middle ear, is rare. We described a 50-yr-old-man with heterotopic glial tissue in the middle ear and mastoid bone. The patient presented with progressive hearing loss for 8 yr. There was no history of congenital anomalies, trauma, or ear surgery. Computed tomography revealed a mass-like lesion with soft tissue density occupying the middle ear cavity and mastoid antrum. At the operation, a graywhite fibrotic mass was detected in the epitympanic area. Mesotympanum and ossicles were intact. The patient underwent left simple mastoidectomy with type I tympanoplasty. During operation, definite cranial bone defect or cerebrospinal fluid leakage was not found. Histologically, the lesion was composed of exclusively mature, disorganized glial tissue with fibrovascular elements in a rather loose fibrillary background. Glial tissue showed diffuse positive reaction for glial fibrillar acidic protein and S100 protein on immunohistochemical study.

Osteoma de mastoides / Osteoma of mastoids: clinical case

Los osteomas de mastoides son tumoraciones benignas de poca frecuencia con un lento crecimiento y compuestas predominantemente de hueso maduro. Las manifestaciones clínicas son mínimas, reducidas generalmente a un defecto estético, siendo en ocasiones hallazgos radiológicos. El tratamiento quirúrgico está indicado para los osteomas sintomáticos. En nuestro país, revisando la literatura, solamente han sido descritos dieciséis casos de osteomas extracanaliculares de mastoides. Presentamos dos nuevos casos clínicos de osteoma de mastoides diagnosticados y tratados en nuestro servicio. (AU)

The osteomas of the mastoids are slow growing benign tumors, made predominantly of mature bone. Clinically these tumors are asymptomatic, except for cosmetic deformities, and they are usually casual radiological findings. Surgical treatment is indicated for symptomatic osteomas. In Spain only sixteen cases of extracanalicular osteoma have been described in the literature. Two new cases are reported and a review of the literature is presented (AU)

Quiste dermoide mastoideo, reporte de un caso / Dermoid cyst in the mastoid process. case report

Se reporta el caso de paciente femenino de 34 años de edad, con historia de otitis media crónica y cirugía mastoidea en su infancia que en su vida adulta presenta hipoacusia conductiva unilateral progresiva, sintomatología vestibular, acúfeno y otalgia ipsilateral de un año de evolución. Los hallazgos tanto en estudios de imagen como trans operatorio fueron de una neoformación que ocupaba y ampliaba antro y mastoides con un defecto óseo hacia fosa posterior. La lesión fue resecada vía transmastoidea. El reporte histopatológico señalaba quiste dermoide mastoideo

Neumatocele craneal de origen mastoideo / Cranial pneumatocele of mastoid origin

Se presenta el caso de un paciente con neumatocele intracraneal espontáneo de origen mastoideo. Se le aplicó metilmetacrilato en la trompa de Eustaquio y se le colocó un tubo de ventilación en la membrana timpánica para lograr que saliera el aire atrapado. Su evolución fue tórpida, por lo que se requirió craneoplastia. Se hace un análisis del diagnóstico, el cual se efectuó con placas simples de cráneo, angiografía vertebral y carotídea, tomografía computarizada y estudio otoneurológico completo

Tuberculose do ouvido médio / Tuberculous otitis media

Os autores fazem revisäo sobre as otites médias tuberculosas, hoje raras. Três casos säo apresentados. Os autores tecem comentários sobre anamnese, exames clínicos, laboratorial e radiológico, citam as complicaçöes possíveis e mostram como säo feitos os tratamentos clínico e cirúrgico. Otite média crônica com corrimento ou sem, déficit auditivo desproporcional ao processo, radiografia mastóide com boa pneumatizaçäo (com alguma destruiçäo de traves ósseas intercelulares ou näo) é fortemente suspeita de ser tuberculose