Violencia obstétrica como factor de riesgo de adopción del rol maternal: una revisión bajo la teoría de Mercer / Obstetric violence as a risk factor for adoption of the maternal role: a review under Mercer's theory

Objetivo: Explorar la influencia de la exposición a violencia obstétrica en la adopción del rol materno bajo la teoría de Ramona Mercer. Metodología: Revisión bibliográfica. Se llevaron a cabo búsquedas en las bases de datos MEDLINE/PubMed, PsycINFO, BVS/LILACS, ScienceDirect, WOS y Scielo entre enero y julio de 2023. Se incluyeron estudios en inglés y español; publicados en los últimos diez años, y que estudiaran la relación entre violencia obstétrica y la adopción del rol materno. Resultados: Se incluyeron un total de 14 estudios. Se evidenció que los procedimientos relacionados con violencia obstétrica se asocian con una interrupción del vínculo madre-bebé; mayor dificultad e inseguridad para la instauración del cuidado materno; menor establecimiento de la lactancia materna precoz; trastorno de estrés postraumático y depresión posparto. Estos hallazgos se ajustan a la teoría de adopción del rol materno de Mercer. Conclusiones: El sufrimiento de violencia obstétrica supone un factor de riesgo para la instauración del rol materno, repercutiendo en el binomio madre-bebé. El hecho de facilitar una experiencia de parto positiva podría mejorar dicho proceso y se traduciría en una inversión que contribuiría al bienestar del desarrollo infantil. (AU)

Objective: Explore the influence of exposure to obstetric violence on the adoption of the maternal role under Ramona Mercer's theory. Methodology: Literature review. Searches were carried out in the MEDLINE/PubMed, PsycINFO, BVS/LILACS, ScienceDirect, WOS and Scielo databases between January and July 2023. Studies were included in English, Spanish; published in the last ten years; to study the relationship between obstetric violence and the adoption of the maternal role. Results: A total of 14 studies were included. It was evidenced that procedures related to obstetric violence are associated with an interruption of the mother-baby bond; greater difficulty and insecurity in establishing maternal care; less establishment of early breastfeeding; post-traumatic stress disorder and postpartum depression. These findings fit Mercer's Maternal Role Adoption Theory. Conclusions: Suffering from obstetric violence is a risk factor for the establishment of the maternal role, impacting the mother-baby binomial. Facilitating a positive birth experience could improve this process and would translate into an investment that would contribute to the well-being of child development. (AU)

Comportamiento de variables clínico epidemiológicas en la atención prenatal / The Characteristics of Clinical-Epidemiological Variables in Prenatal Care

Introducción: La atención prenatal a cada embarazada establece una asistencia médica integral y particularizada, que posibilita determinar y accionar precozmente sobre los factores de riesgo modificables, mediante la vigilancia continua. Objetivo: Describir el comportamiento de la atención prenatal según variables clínico epidemiológicas. Métodos: Estudio observacional descriptivo en el policlínico Pedro del Toro, entre 2014 y 2018. Incluyó 2761 pacientes que representan el total de gestantes en el periodo de estudio que cumplieron los criterios señalados. La información se obtuvo mediante revisión de la base de datos del programa materno infantil, con lo cual se delimitaron las variables que permitieron procesar los datos en una hoja de cálculo EXCEL, utilizando parámetros estadísticos a nivel descriptivo. Resultados: Las gestantes captadas antes de 12 semanas (2442 para 88,44 por ciento) fueron mayoría, primó el rango de 18,9 hasta 25,5 kg/m2 en índice de masa corporal (1657 para 60,01 por ciento). En el parto predominaron gestantes que tenían entre 37 y 41,6 semanas (2531 para 91,66 por ciento) y el rango de peso del recién nacido más relevante fue entre 2500 y 4000 gramos (2443 para 88,48 por ciento). Las edades comprendidas entre 21 a 29 años fueron representativas (1438 para 52,08 por ciento). Conclusiones: De la captación precoz de las embarazadas dependerá, en gran medida, la efectividad de la atención prenatal, a través de la detección oportuna y el seguimiento de todos los elementos que influyen en el bienestar materno fetal(AU)

Introduction: Prenatal care to each pregnant woman establishes a comprehensive and particularized medical assistance, which makes it possible to determine and act early on modifiable risk factors through continuous surveillance. Objective: To describe the characteristics of prenatal care according to clinical-epidemiological variables. Methods: Descriptive and observational study carried out at Pedro del Toro outpatient polyclinic between 2014 and 2018, with 2,761 patients, which represented the total number of pregnant women in the study period who met the indicated criteria. The information was obtained by reviewing the database of the mother and infant program, which permitted to define the variables for processing the data in an Excel worksheet, using statistical parameters at a descriptive level. Results: The pregnant women diagnosed before the twelfth weeks (2442; 88.44 percent) were the majority, with a body mass index range of 18.9 to 25.5 kg/m2 (1657; 60.01 percent). Regarding delivery, pregnant women between 37 and 41.6 weeks predominated (2531; 91.66 percent) and the most relevant newborn weight range was between 2500 and 4000 grams (2443; 88.48 percent). Ages between 21 to 29 years were representative (1438; 52.08 percent). Conclusions: The effectiveness of prenatal care through timely detection and follow-up of all the elements that influence maternal and fetal well-being will depend, to a large extent, on early detection of pregnant women(AU)

Social and economic development and pregnancy mental health: secondary analyses of data from rural Vietnam.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to establish whether changes in the socioeconomic context were associated with changes in population-level antenatal mental health indicators in Vietnam. METHODS: Social, economic and public policies introduced in Vietnam (1986-2010) were mapped. Secondary analyses of data from two cross-sectional community-based studies conducted in 2006 (n = 134) and 2010 (n = 419), involving women who were ≥ 28 weeks pregnant were completed. Data for these two studies had been collected in structured individual face-to-face interviews, and included indicators of antenatal mental health (mean Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale Vietnam-validation (EPDS-V) score), intimate partner relationships (Intimate Bonds Measure Vietnam-validation) and sociodemographic characteristics. Socioeconomic characteristics and mean EPDS-V scores in the two study years were compared and mediation analyses were used to establish whether indicators of social and economic development mediated differences in EPDS-V scores. RESULTS: Major policy initiatives for poverty reduction, hunger eradication and making domestic violence a crime were implemented between 2006 and 2010. Characteristics and circumstances of pregnant women in Ha Nam improved significantly. Mean EPDS-V score was lower in 2010, indicating better population-level antenatal mental health. Household wealth and intimate partner controlling behaviours mediated the difference in EPDS-V scores between 2006 and 2010. CONCLUSIONS: Changes in the socioeconomic and political context, particularly through policies to improve household wealth and reduce domestic violence, appear to influence women's lives and population-level antenatal mental health. Cross-sectoral policies that reduce social risk factors may be a powerful mechanism to improve antenatal mental health at a population level.

Mães que cuidam de crianças dependentes de tecnologia em atendimento domiciliar / Mothers who care for technology-dependent children in home care

Resumo Este artigo tem por objetivo tratar do sofrimento materno no contexto do home care pediátrico. Nele se conta a história de duas mães de crianças que nasceram a termo e tiveram desenvolvimento normal até sofrerem um acidente no domicílio e passarem a necessitar de aparato tecnológico e de equipe de atendimento em casa para sobreviver. É um estudo de natureza qualitativa no qual se desenham duas vinhetas clínicas, para investigar psicanaliticamente a capacidade de resiliência dessas mulheres, e como se dá a (res)significação da dor materna a partir do sentido do cuidado, no contexto de internação domiciliar. Utilizaram-se a Escala de Sobrecarga do Cuidador e a exibição do documentário "Um dia especial" para complementação da análise. O trabalho tem como referencial teórico os estudos da Saúde Coletiva e da Psicanálise nos quais os conceitos de trauma, cuidado e resiliência se destacam. A narrativa das mães vincula as experiências individuais e o contexto social de sua ocorrência. Os resultados demonstraram a importância do home care e a ausência do atendimento psicológico/psicanalítico, fundamental para ajudar a mãe a encontrar uma interpretação mais positiva de sua situação. Como a pesquisa foi desenvolvida com apenas duas participantes, não se podem generalizar os resultados.

Abstract This article aims to address maternal suffering in the context of pediatric home care. It tells the story of two mothers of children who were born at term and had normal development until they suffered an accident at home and started to need technological equipment and a home care team to survive. It is a qualitative study in which two clinical vignettes are designed, to psychoanalytically investigate the resilience of these women, and how the (re)framing of maternal pain occurs from the sense of care, in the context of home care. The Caregiver Overload Scale and the exhibition of the documentary "Um dia especial" were used to complement the analysis. The work has as a theoretical reference the studies of Collective Health and Psychoanalysis in which the concepts of trauma, care and resilience stand out. The mothers' narrative links the individual experiences and the social context of their occurrence. The results attested the importance of home care and the absence of psychological / psychoanalytic care, essential to help the mother to find a more positive interpretation of her situation. As the research was developed with only two participants, the results cannot be generalized.

The Effects of Group Prenatal Care on Infant Birthweight and Maternal Well-Being: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

INTRODUCTION: Group prenatal care models have been in use in the USA for over 20 years and have shown benefits in reducing rates of preterm birth and low birth weight infants in high-risk civilian populations. Group prenatal care has been widely implemented at military treatment facilities, despite a lack of high-quality evidence for improved perinatal outcomes in this population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this randomized, controlled trial, 129 patients at a military treatment facility received either traditional one-on-one prenatal care or group prenatal care using the CenteringPregnancy model. CenteringPregnancy care was administered by certified nurse midwives and family medicine residents and faculty. The primary outcomes were infant birthweight appropriateness for gestational age, maternal anxiety (as measured by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) and depression (as measured by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale), and patient satisfaction (as measured by the Short-Form Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire). Infant birthweights were compared using Chi-square tests for the categorical variables of small for gestational age (SGA), appropriate for gestational age (AGA), or large for gestational age. Maternal mood and satisfaction scores were evaluated before, during, and after the intervention and analyzed using rank sum tests. Additional demographic and outcome data were collected directly from participants and extracted from patient records. RESULTS: Patients receiving group care were more likely to deliver an infant that was appropriate for gestational age, with an incidence ratio of 1.12 [CI = 1.01-1.25, p = 0.04]. Depression and anxiety levels remained similar between groups throughout the study. Satisfaction was similar between groups, though patients receiving group care reported higher satisfaction with the accessibility and convenience of their care at the study's end [p = 0.048]. There were no differences between groups in preterm births, maternal or neonatal morbidity, mode of delivery, maternal weight gain, or breastfeeding rates. CONCLUSIONS: Military parturients receiving group prenatal care in the CenteringPregnancy model were less likely to deliver an small for gestational age or large for gestational age newborn and were more likely to be satisfied with their access to care. Group prenatal care is well received by patients and may positively influence neonatal metabolic status.

Music therapy intervention in cardiac autonomic modulation, anxiety, and depression in mothers of preterms: randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Mothers of preterm infants often have symptoms of anxiety and depression, recognized as risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases and associated with low rates of heart rate variability (HRV). This study aimed to evaluate the influence of music therapy intervention on the autonomic control of heart rate, anxiety, and depression in mothers. METHODS: Prospective randomized clinical trial including 21 mothers of preterms admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of a tertiary hospital, recruited from August 2015 to September 2017, and divided into control group (CG; n = 11) and music therapy group (MTG; n = 10). Participants underwent anxiety and depression evaluation, as well as measurements of the intervals between consecutive heartbeats or RR intervals for the analysis of HRV at the first and the last weeks of hospitalization of their preterms. Music therapy sessions lasting 30-45 min were individually delivered weekly using receptive techniques. The mean and standard deviation of variables were obtained and the normality of data was analyzed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The paired sample t-test or Wilcoxon test were employed to calculate the differences between variables before and after music therapy intervention. The correlations anxiety versus heart variables and depression versus heart variables were established using Spearman correlation test. Fisher's exact test was used to verify the differences between categorical variables. A significance level of p < 0.05 was established. Statistical analysis were performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 20. RESULTS: Participants in MTG had an average of seven sessions of music therapy, and showed improvement in anxiety and depression scores and autonomic indexes of the time domain (p < 0.05). Significant correlations were found between depression and parasympathetic modulation using linear (r = - 0.687; p = 0.028) and nonlinear analyses (r = - 0.689; p = 0.027) in MTG. CONCLUSION: Music therapy had a significant and positive impact on anxiety and depression, acting on prevention of cardiovascular diseases, major threats to modern society. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (no. RBR-3x7gz8 ). Retrospectively registered on November 17, 2017.

Humanized practices of obstetric nurses: contributions in maternal welfare.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the practice of obstetric nurses operating in a prenatal/delivery/postpartum unit of a university hospital in Mato Grosso and the maternal welfare resulted from the care provided in this scenario. METHOD: Study with a quantitative approach, carried out in a prenatal/delivery/postpartum unit of a university hospital in Cuiabá, Mato Grosso. The data were collected through the Scale of Maternal Welfare in Delivery Situation 2, and the study included 104 recent mothers in the period from June to September 2016. The data were analyzed in Epi Info version 7. RESULTS: The results indicate that the practice of obstetric nurses is based on the humanization of labor and childbirth, however, the presence of invasive and unnecessary practices in the service did not influence the level of maternal welfare, which was optimum for 76% of the women. CONCLUSION: The lack of information might make the women less critical and, therefore, influence the evaluation of the care received.

Humanized practices of obstetric nurses: contributions in maternal welfare / Prácticas humanizadas de la enfermera obstétrica: contribuciones al bienestar materno / Práticas humanizadas da enfermeira obstétrica: contribuições no bem-estar materno

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the practice of obstetric nurses operating in a prenatal/delivery/postpartum unit of a university hospital in Mato Grosso and the maternal welfare resulted from the care provided in this scenario. Method: Study with a quantitative approach, carried out in a prenatal/delivery/postpartum unit of a university hospital in Cuiabá, Mato Grosso. The data were collected through the Scale of Maternal Welfare in Delivery Situation 2, and the study included 104 recent mothers in the period from June to September 2016. The data were analyzed in Epi Info version 7. Results: The results indicate that the practice of obstetric nurses is based on the humanization of labor and childbirth, however, the presence of invasive and unnecessary practices in the service did not influence the level of maternal welfare, which was optimum for 76% of the women. Conclusion: The lack of information might make the women less critical and, therefore, influence the evaluation of the care received

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar la práctica de enfermeras obstétricas actuantes en una unidad de pre-parto/parto/posparto de un hospital universitario del estado de Mato Grosso y el bienestar materno resultante de la asistencia en esa situación. Método: Estudio de abordaje cuantitativo, realizado en una unidad de pre-parto/parto/posparto de un hospital universitario de Cuiabá, Mato Grosso. Los datos fueron recolectados por medio de la Escala de Bienestar Materno en Situación de Parto 2, y el estudio abarcó 104 puérperas en el período de junio a septiembre de 2016. Se analizaron los datos en el software Epi Info versión 7. Resultados: Los resultados indican que la práctica de las enfermeras obstétricas se basa en la humanización del parto y del nacimiento; sin embargo, la presencia de prácticas invasivas e innecesarias en el servicio no influenció el nivel de bienestar materno, que se mostró bueno para el 76% de las mujeres. Conclusión: La falta de información puede hacer que las mujeres sean menos críticas y, por tanto, influir en la evaluación de la asistencia recibida.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a prática de enfermeiras obstétricas atuantes em uma unidade de pré-parto/parto/pós-parto de um hospital universitário do estado de Mato Grosso e o bem-estar materno resultante da assistência nesse cenário. Método: Estudo de abordagem quantitativa, realizado em uma unidade de pré-parto/parto/pós-parto de um hospital universitário de Cuiabá, Mato Grosso. Os dados foram coletados por meio da Escala de Bem-Estar Materno em Situação de Parto 2, e o estudo abrangeu 104 puérperas no período de junho a setembro de 2016. Os dados foram analisados no programa Epi Info versão 7. Resultados: Os resultados indicam que a prática das enfermeiras obstétricas está pautada na humanização do parto e nascimento, contudo, a presença de práticas invasivas e desnecessárias no serviço não influenciou o nível de bem-estar materno que foi ótimo para 76% das mulheres. Conclusão: A falta de informação pode tornar as mulheres menos críticas e, consequentemente, influenciar a avaliação da assistência recebida

Nursing Care of Pregnant Muslim Women During Ramadan.

There are approximately 3.3 million people of the Muslim faith living in the United States. This article explores how Muslim women observe their religious beliefs during pregnancy and discusses implications for nursing care of pregnant Muslim women during Ramadan. Although pregnant Muslim women can be exempt from fasting, many still choose to fast during Ramadan. Factors that influence a woman's decision to fast include gravity and parity, maternal education, maternal age, body mass index, comprehension of Islamic Law, and gestational trimester. Nurses can tailor their care of pregnant Muslim women to include episodes of fasting and help them make informed decisions regarding fasting during Ramadan.

Maternal Intimate Partner Violence Victimization Before and During Pregnancy and Postbirth Child Welfare Contact: A Population-Based Assessment.

We conducted a population-based prospective cohort study to help elucidate the predictive relationship between a maternal prebirth self-reported history of intimate partner violence (IPV) and any postbirth reported allegation to Child Protective Services (CPS) by age 2. We linked data from the 2009-2010 Alaska Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System with CPS data through 2012. Among this cohort, we found that 8.0%w self-reported experiencing IPV 12 months prior or during pregnancy, and 8.0%w of the offspring experienced at least one CPS report of alleged maltreatment during the study period. The predictive relationship varied by maternal educational attainment. Among mothers with 12+ years education completed, the odds of a CPS report were 3.9 times compared to those with no IPV, while among mothers with <12 years education completed, no association was noted. These results suggest that for a subset of Alaskan families, maternal history of IPV is a strong independent predictor of future CPS contact.

A systematic review of the health effects of prenatal exposure to disaster.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine the health effects of prenatal exposure to disaster, based on a systematic review of existing research. METHODS: A literature search of scientific databases was conducted in February 2015 for articles on prenatal exposure to a natural or man-made disaster. Data was extracted from all articles that met the inclusion criteria, and we systematically analyzed contents based on type of disaster, health outcome, target group and time after birth. RESULTS: Prenatal exposure to famine or war was found to be associated with mental health, cardiovascular or metabolic outcomes, with varying degrees of significance. The majority of the studies showed limited or weak associations between exposures and outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Due to the lack of variety in type of events studied, as well as large methodological variation, it is difficult to draw firm conclusions from existing literature. However, our systematic review highlights the potential of evaluating secondary data, both to accentuate research gaps in the field and to increase the understanding of what effects various types of disasters potentially have on the unborn child.

Maternal psychiatric history is associated with the symptom severity of ADHD in offspring.

Controversy exists about the role of parent psychopathology in persistence and severity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in their children. Here we aimed to analyse the potential association between the severity of ADHD symptoms in children and the presence of psychiatric and ADHD symptoms in their biological parents. Seventy-three triads of children and their parents who were in active treatment for their diagnosed ADHD were evaluated in our Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centers. The mental health of the parents was also assessed. The general psychopathology of the parents was evaluated using the Symptom Checklist-90-R (SCL-90-R), and symptoms of hyperactivity were examined using the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS v.1.1). The severity of symptoms in children was assessed using the ADHD Rating Scale-IV (ADHD-RS-IV). Variables that could have affected the clinical development of ADHD such as sex, evolution time, age, academic level and the presence of comorbidities were controlled. The severity of the symptoms in children with ADHD was significantly related to the psychiatric history of their mother, the younger age of the child and the presence of a comorbid conduct disorder in the child. We discussed the importance of screening for parental psychopathology in clinical practice.