ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Odontogenic deep neck infections remain a common condition that presents a challenging issue due to the complex involvement of the neck and adjacent structures and its potential life-threatening risk. Periapical infection of the second or third molar with spread to the submandibular and parapharyngeal spaces is the most commonly observed scenario. However, the time of dental extraction of the infection focus remains controversial. The aim of this study is to provide an overview of the epidemiology, clinical and radiological features, and management in patients diagnosed with ODNI and to identify the role of early dental extraction on patient outcomes and recovery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This retrospective study included patients over 18 years old with a diagnosis of ODNI who were admitted to the University Hospital "Dr Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez" from January 2017 to January 2022. ODNI diagnosis was based on clinical and radiological evidence of the disease supplemented by dental and maxillofacial evaluation for an odontogenic aetiology. RESULTS: A total of 68 patients were included in the study. The patients' mean age was 40.96 ± 14.9. Diabetes mellitus was the most common comorbidity. The submandibular space was the most common deep neck space involved (n=59, 86.8%). Mediastinitis, marginal nerve injury and orocervical fistula were observed in 7.5% of patients, with no fatality in this series. A delay of >3 days for dental extraction of the involved tooth was associated with an increased rate of mediastinitis (n=3, 100%, p= 0.022), number of surgical interventions (1.45 ± 0.61, p= 0.006), ICU stay (n=8, 40%, p= 0.019), and ICU length of stay (0.85 ± 0.8, p= 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Expedited management with surgical drainage and intravenous antibiotic treatment, along with early extraction of the involved tooth, is mandatory.
Subject(s)
Mediastinitis , Humans , Adult , Middle Aged , Adolescent , Retrospective Studies , Mediastinitis/diagnosis , Mediastinitis/drug therapy , Mediastinitis/etiology , Neck , Hospitalization , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic useABSTRACT
ABSTRACT A retrospective cohort study, were evaluated: polymyxin B plus aminoglycosides or polymyxin B plus other antibiotics. Any degree of acute kidney injury occurred in 26 (86.6%) patients. The median time to acute kidney injury was 6.0 (95% CI 3-14) days in the polymyxin-aminoglycoside containing regimen group, against 27.0 (95% CI 6-42) days in the polymyxin with other antimicrobial combinations group (p = 0.03). Polymyxin B with aminoglycosides group progressed faster to any degree of renal dysfunction.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Polymyxin B/therapeutic use , Enterobacteriaceae Infections/drug therapy , Kidney/drug effects , Mediastinitis/microbiology , Mediastinitis/drug therapy , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Carbapenems/pharmacology , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Statistics, Nonparametric , Risk Assessment , beta-Lactam Resistance/drug effects , Enterobacteriaceae Infections/mortality , Kaplan-Meier Estimate , Acute Kidney Injury/chemically induced , Aminoglycosides/therapeutic use , Mediastinitis/mortalityABSTRACT
A retrospective cohort study, were evaluated: polymyxin B plus aminoglycosides or polymyxin B plus other antibiotics. Any degree of acute kidney injury occurred in 26 (86.6%) patients. The median time to acute kidney injury was 6.0 (95% CI 3-14) days in the polymyxin-aminoglycoside containing regimen group, against 27.0 (95% CI 6-42) days in the polymyxin with other antimicrobial combinations group (p=0.03). Polymyxin B with aminoglycosides group progressed faster to any degree of renal dysfunction.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Enterobacteriaceae Infections/drug therapy , Kidney/drug effects , Mediastinitis/drug therapy , Mediastinitis/microbiology , Polymyxin B/therapeutic use , Acute Kidney Injury/chemically induced , Aminoglycosides/therapeutic use , Carbapenems/pharmacology , Enterobacteriaceae Infections/mortality , Female , Humans , Kaplan-Meier Estimate , Male , Mediastinitis/mortality , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Retrospective Studies , Risk Assessment , Statistics, Nonparametric , Treatment Outcome , beta-Lactam Resistance/drug effectsSubject(s)
Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype , Influenza, Human/complications , Mediastinitis/etiology , Streptococcal Infections/etiology , Acute Disease , Adult , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Combined Modality Therapy , Debridement , Disease Outbreaks , Emergencies , Humans , Influenza, Human/epidemiology , Male , Mediastinitis/drug therapy , Mediastinitis/microbiology , Mediastinitis/surgery , Mexico/epidemiology , Shock, Septic/etiology , Streptococcal Infections/drug therapy , Streptococcal Infections/microbiology , Streptococcal Infections/surgery , Streptococcus pyogenes/isolation & purification , ThoracoscopyABSTRACT
La aplicación de la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) para detectar e identificar Trypanosoma rangeli y Trypanosoma rangeli presenta a menudo dificultades de interpretación. Así, algunas pruebas generan la amplificación de bandas similares provenientes de uno de los dos parásitos, fragmentos polimórficos de un mismo parásito, o la prevalencia en la detección de T. cruzi en infecciones mixtas.En este estudio se presentan y analizan los trabajos de investigación básica realizados con el objeto de diseñar y estandarizar pruebas de PCR específicas de cada parásito. Los iniciadores TcH2AF/R se diseñaron sobre la base de la región diferencial observada entre las unidades génicas que contienen los genes h2a en estos tripanosomas. Esta pareja de iniciadores amplifican un fragmento de 234 pb específico para T. cruzi (cepas I y II). Los iniciadores TrF/R2 anillan en las regiones intergénicas del fragmento génico de 801 pb codificante para seis transcritos que forman la agrupación ARNsno-Cl en T. rangeli. Estos iniciadores amplifican un fragmento de 620 pb exclusivo de las cepas KP1(-) y KP1(+) de este parásito.La aplicación de estas PCR en vectores infectados y en pacientes con enfermedad de Chagas muestra que ambas pruebas constituyen herramientas útiles para el diagnóstico y la identificación diferencial de estos tripanosomátidos.
The application of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect Trypanosoma rangeli and Trypanosoma rangeli often presents interpretation challenges. For example, some tests yield the amplification of similar bands from either parasite, polymorphic fragments of the same parasite, or present deviation towards T. cruzi in mixed infections.In this study, the basic researching needed for designing and standardizating specific PCR tests for each parasite species PCR are shown and analyzed. The TcH2AF/R primers were designed on the basis of the differential gene region observed between the histone h2a genic units of these parasites. These primers amplify a specific 234 bp fragment in T. cruzi (T. cruzi I and II strains).The TrF/R2 primers anneal to the intergenic regions of an 801 bp gene fragment encoding for six transcripts that conform the snoRNA-Cl cluster in T. rangeli. These primers amplify a fragment of 620 bp exclusively in KP1(-) and KP1(+) strains of the parasite.The application of these PCR tests in infected vectors and in chagasic patients show that both tests constitute useful tools for the diagnosis and differential identification of these Trypanosomatids. Key words: histone, RNA small nucleolar (snoRNA), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Trypanosoma.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents , Mediastinitis/drug therapy , Methicillin ResistanceABSTRACT
Mediastinitis necrotizante descendentes es una rara, pero letal infección de la fascia cervical con compromiso mediastínico. Debido principalmente a infecciones orofaríngeas, en especial patología odontogénica. El pronóstico depende principalmente del diagnóstico precoz basado en la alta sospecha cínica y la tomografía axial computada (TAC) temprana, y el posterior drenaje cervical y mediastínico agresivo, ya sea por toracotomía o videotoracoscopía. Presentamos el caso clínico de una mujer de 21 años, en la que un manejo quirúrgico agresivo, a pesar de no hacer un diagnóstico tan precoz, determinó un resultado favorable.
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Female , Focal Infection, Dental/complications , Mediastinitis/surgery , Mediastinitis/microbiology , Abscess/complications , Mouth/microbiology , Drainage , Mandible/microbiology , Mediastinitis/drug therapy , Mediastinitis , Mediastinum/pathology , Necrosis , Thoracoscopy , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Se presenta una serie de 4 enfermos con mediastinitis necrotizante descendente (MND) de origen dental operados entre 1988 y 1993. Del análisis retrospectivo de su etiología, métodos diagnósticos, tratamiento y evolución surge la importancia del diagnóstico temprano y del tratamiento oportuno y completo, destacando la importancia del abordaje por toracotomía para el tratamiento de la supuración mediastinal, pleural y frecuentemente pericárdica. La morbilidad fue alta por múltiples complicaciones: diabrosis de los vasos del cuello, obstrucción de la vía áerea, broncoaspiración, colecciones pleurales y neumotórax postoperatorios, perforación de úlcera gástrica. La muerte de los primeros 3 de estos 4 enfermos destaca la gravedad de la afección.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Middle Aged , Mediastinitis/surgery , Necrosis/diagnosis , Cellulitis/complications , Cellulitis/therapy , Drainage/standards , Mediastinitis/drug therapy , Mediastinitis/etiology , Mouth Floor/pathology , Necrosis/etiology , Necrosis/surgeryABSTRACT
Se presenta una serie de 4 enfermos con mediastinitis necrotizante descendente (MND) de origen dental operados entre 1988 y 1993. Del análisis retrospectivo de su etiología, métodos diagnósticos, tratamiento y evolución surge la importancia del diagnóstico temprano y del tratamiento oportuno y completo, destacando la importancia del abordaje por toracotomía para el tratamiento de la supuración mediastinal, pleural y frecuentemente pericárdica. La morbilidad fue alta por múltiples complicaciones: diabrosis de los vasos del cuello, obstrucción de la vía áerea, broncoaspiración, colecciones pleurales y neumotórax postoperatorios, perforación de úlcera gástrica. La muerte de los primeros 3 de estos 4 enfermos destaca la gravedad de la afección. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Mediastinitis/surgery , Necrosis/diagnosis , Mediastinitis/etiology , Mediastinitis/drug therapy , Mouth Floor/pathology , Necrosis/surgery , Necrosis/etiology , Cellulite/complications , Cellulite/therapy , Drainage/standardsABSTRACT
Com o objetivo de avaliar a eficácia do tratamento da mediastinite com irrigaçao contínua com soluçao de polivinilpirrolidona-iodo (PVPI) a l por cento, associada a antibioticoterapia e analisar os fatores de risco desta grave infecçao, foram estudados, retrospectivamente, ll13 pacientes submetidos a cirurgia para correçao de lesoes cardíacas, entre janeiro de 1993 e abril de 1995, no Instituto do Coraçao do Hospital Madre Teresa, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. Onze fatores de risco para mediastinite foram analisados (idade, sexo, peso, diabetes, hipertensao arterial sistêmica, tabagismo, transfusao sangüínea, tempo de circulaçao extracorpórea, utilizaçao de enxerto de artéria torácica interna, drenagem pleural e tempo de internaçao pré-operatório). A análise estatística demonstrou serem fatores de risco: peso (p=O,OOOl), utilizaçao de enxerto de artéria torácica interna (p=O,OOl), drenagem de pleura (p=O,OOl) e tempo de internaçao pré-operatório (p=O,Ol). Dezoito (l,6 por cento) pacientes desenvolveram mediastinite no pós-operatório e foram submetidos a tratamento por desbridamento cirúrgico, ressutura de esterno e instalaçao de irrigaçao contínua com soluçao de PVPI a l por cento, por um período médio de 8 dias. A média de internaçao hospitalar foi de 37 dias neste grupo de pacientes. O germe predominante foi o S. Aureus (72 por cento). A mortalidade foi de 27 por cento (5 pacientes), devido a infecçao fora de controle. Os autores consideram que a facilidade de emprego e manejo da irrigaçao contínua com soluçao de PVPI a l por cento, associada a baixa taxa de mortalidade, demonstrou ser um método eficaz no tratamento desta grave complicaçao pós-operatória.