[Lameness and swelling of the metatarsus in a Saluki - Could it be an arteriovenous fistula?] / Lahmheit und Schwellung des Metatarsus bei einem Saluki ­ Könnte es eine arteriovenöse Fistel sein?

A 12-year-old Saluki was presented with acute lameness and plantar swelling of the right metatarsus following an episode of free running. Radiographs showed soft tissue swelling only, the involved bone and joint structures were unremarkable. The lesion recurred several months later. Ultrasonographic imaging of the lesion revealed a well-vascularized cavernous structure. Subsequent surgical removal and histopathological examination of the structure raised the initial suspicion of an arteriovenous fistula, which was then confirmed histologically following a second surgical removal of another recurrence. The purpose of this case report is to illustrate the potential complexity of what initially appears to be a simple lameness. At the same time, attention is focused on the possibility that arteriovenous fistulas may tend to recur.

Short-Term Outcomes of Arthroscopic Treatment of Freiberg Disease.

BACKGROUND: Surgical treatment for Freiberg disease (also known as avascular necrosis of the metatarsal head) has not been completely defined. This retrospective study evaluated short-term outcomes after arthroscopic treatment of Freiberg disease. METHODS: From 2015 to 2019, 13 patients (15 feet) diagnosed as having Freiberg disease were enrolled for arthroscopic surgery. Feet were divided based on the Smillie classification system (two with stage I, eight with stage II, three with stage III, one with stage IV, and one with stage V). Arthroscopic interventions, including synovectomy, debridement, chondroplasty, microfracture, and loose body removal, were performed without considering the Smillie classification stage. Radiologic outcomes were evaluated by radiography (preoperatively and 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively) and magnetic resonance imaging (preoperatively and 12 months postoperatively). Clinical outcomes were evaluated using the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) lesser metatarsophalangeal (MTP)-interphalangeal score and the visual analog scale (VAS) score. The MTP joint range of motion was measured using a goniometer preoperatively and postoperatively. RESULTS: Radiologic studies showed no evidence of osteonecrosis progression in postoperative 12-month radiographs of any patients. Postoperative 12-month magnetic resonance images showed reduction of bone marrow edema, irregularity of subchondral bone, and cartilage defects in all patients. Significant improvements in AOFAS and VAS scores occurred at all postoperative time points compared with preoperative scores (P = .001). The MTP joint range of motion also showed improvement at last follow-up (P = .001). CONCLUSIONS: Arthroscopic surgery for Freiberg disease showed excellent clinical outcomes, MTP joint range of motion, and short-term outcomes regardless of stage (Smillie classification) in radiologic evaluation.

The effect of calcaneus and metatarsal head offloading insoles on healthy subjects' gait kinematics, kinetics, asymmetry, and the implications for plantar pressure management: A pilot study.

BACKGROUND: The global number of people with diabetes is estimated to reach 643 million by 2030 of whom 19-34% will present with diabetic foot ulceration. Insoles which offload high-risk ulcerative regions on the foot, by removing insole material, are the main contemporary conservative treatment to maintain mobility and reduce the likelihood of ulceration. However, their effect on the rest of the foot and relationship with key gait propulsive and balance kinematics and kinetics has not been well researched. PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of offloading insoles on gait kinematics, kinetics, and plantar pressure throughout the gait cycle. METHODS: 10 healthy subjects were recruited for this experiment to walk in 6 different insole conditions. Subjects walked at three speeds on a treadmill for 10 minutes while both plantar pressure and gait kinematics, kinetics were measured using an in-shoe pressure measurement insole and motion capture system/force plates. Average peak plantar pressure, pressure time integrals, gait kinematics and centre of force were analysed. RESULTS: The average peak plantar pressure and pressure time integrals changed by -30% (-68% to 3%) and -36% (-75% to -1%) at the region of interest when applying offloading insoles, whereas the heel strike and toe-off velocity changed by 15% (-6% to 32%) and 12% (-2% to 19%) whilst walking at three speeds. CONCLUSION: The study found that offloading insoles reduced plantar pressure in the region of interest with loading transferred to surrounding regions increasing the risk of higher pressure time integrals in these locations. Heel strike and toe-off velocities were increased under certain configurations of offloading insoles which may explain the higher plantar pressures and supporting the potential of integrating kinematic gait variables within a more optimal therapeutic approach. However, there was inter-individual variability in responses for all variables measured supporting individualised prescription.

Regional differences in the biological variability of plantar pressure as a basis for refining diagnostic gait analysis.

The variability of movement plays a crucial role in shaping individual's gait pattern and could, therefore, potentially serve diagnostic purposes. Nevertheless, existing concepts for the use of variability in diagnosing gait present a challenge due to the lack of adequate benchmarks and methods for comparison. We assessed the individuality of contribution of foot parts that directly mediate the transmission of forces between the foot and the ground in body weight shifting during walking based on 200 pedobarometric measurements corresponding to the analysed foot parts for each of 19 individuals in a homogeneous study group. Our results show a degree of individualisation of the contribution of particular foot parts in the weight-shift high enough to justify the need to consider it in the diagnostic analysis. Furthermore they reveal noticeable, functionally driven differences between plantar areas most apparent between the lowest individuality for the first foot ray and the highest for second one and metatarsus. The diagnostic reference standard in pedobarometry should describe the contribution in the shift of body weight during walking for each area of the foot separately and include information on the intra-individual variation and individualisation of descriptors of the contribution. Such a comprehensive standard has the potential to increase the diagnostic value of pedobarometry through enrichment of the assessment description.

Percutaneous Fifth Metatarsal Osteotomy for Bunionette Deformity Without Fixation or Strapping: A Retrospective Study.

BACKGROUND: Bunionette deformity (BD) is a painful condition of the fifth metatarsal characterized by an osseous prominence and fifth toe varus deformity. The purpose of this study is to assess the clinical, functional, and radiographic outcomes of percutaneous distal metatarsal metaphyseal osteotomy (DMMO) without fixation or postoperative strapping of the foot. METHODS: A retrospective case series was performed on 111 patients (132 feet) with symptomatic BD who underwent percutaneous DMMO of the fifth metatarsal from September 2020 to January 2022 by an experienced minimally invasive surgeon. According to the Shimobayashi classification, we treated 1 type I deformity, 37 type II deformities, 52 type III deformities, 42 feet with type IV deformity, and no patient with a type V deformity. Ninety patients (81%) underwent unilateral osteotomy, and 21 (19%) had bilateral osteotomies. Most cases included other procedures including treatment of 114 associated deformities of the same feet: 68 bunions, 12 lesser metatarsal osteotomies (2-3-4 metatarsals), and 34 hammertoes (20 second hammertoes, 10 third hammertoes, 1 fourth hammertoes, 2 fifth hammertoes). Patient-reported clinical outcome measures, including the Foot Function Index (FFI) questionnaire, the visual analog score (VAS), and overall satisfaction were collected. Fourth-to-fifth intermetatarsal angle (IMA) correction, time to bone union, and complication rates were assessed in all patients. RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 24.1 months (range, 14-39 months). Both radiographic parameters and patient-reported outcome measures significantly improved after DMMO procedure. The average fourth-to-fifth IMA improved from 12.2 degrees, preoperatively, to 4.4 degrees, postoperatively (P < .001). Patient outcomes reflect the overall outcomes of the combined surgeries on a per-patient basis. Preoperatively, patients had a mean VAS score of 7.6, which improved to 0.6 at the last follow-up (P < .001). Furthermore, the average FFI significantly decreased from pre- to postoperation from 19.2 to 4.4, respectively (P < .001). Overall, 108 of 111 patients reported being satisfied with the outcomes of the procedure. Average bone union was achieved at 12.6 weeks postoperation, with a minimum of 12 and a maximum of 25 weeks. The complication rate was 1.5%, including 1 case of an asymptomatic cock-up deformity and 1 case of lateral fifth metatarsal shaft bone overhang pain, which resolved with an exostectomy. CONCLUSION: The results of this study of patients who had minimally invasive surgery from an experienced surgeon suggest that percutaneous DMMO of the fifth metatarsal without internal fixation or postoperative immobilization or strapping can be effective at improving radiographic alignment, pain, function, and overall satisfaction with minimal rates of complication. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, case series.

Colgajo libre de primera arteria metatarsiana dorsal para déficit de cobertura en dígito de la mano: reporte de caso clínico / First dorsal metatarsal artery free flap for finger coverage defect: a case report

Las lesiones graves de los dedos con pérdida de sustancia y exposición de estructuras nobles constituyen un desafío para evitar la amputación. Estas situaciones han impulsado el desarrollo de un gran número de colgajos axiales, locales, con el fin de salvar el dígito. Los colgajos libres, tomados a medida, también han sido descritos para dar coberturas adecuadas y de buena calidad. Se presenta el caso de un paciente con lesión grave de dedo anular con exposición ósea y daño tendíneo, con una pérdida de cobertura de 4 4 cm. El paciente fue sometido a una reconstrucción con un colgajo libre del pie, tomando como eje vascular la primera arteria intermetatarsiana. El paciente conservó su dedo con una movilidad a expensas de la articulación interfalángica proximal (IFP), con una piel de buena calidad, pinza firme y sin dolor. La zona dadora no presentó complicaciones. En manos de un equipo entrenado, con indicación adecuada, estos colgajos logran un buen resultado estético y funcional.

Severe finger injuries with loss of substance and exposure of noble structures are a challenge to avoid amputation. These situations have prompted the development of many local axial flaps to save the digit. Customized free flaps have also been described to provide adequate and good-quality coverage. We present the case of a patient with a severe injury to the ring finger with bone exposure and tendinous damage, with a coverage defect of 4 4 cm. The patient underwent reconstruction with a free flap from the foot, taking the first intermetatarsal artery as the donor vascular axis. The patient kept his finger with mobility at the expense of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint, with good-quality skin, firm clamp, and no pain. The donor area did not present complications. In the hands of a trained team, with adequate indication, these flaps achieve a good esthetic and functional result

Estudo comparativo de pacientes tratados com o procedimento lapidus original que evoluíram com e sem fusão entre o primeiro e o segundo metatarsos / Comparative study of patients treated with the original lapidus procedure who evolved with and without fusion between the first and second metatarsals

O hálux valgo (HV) é uma patologia comum do antepé e sua etiologia é multifatorial. Para deformidades graves, ou em casos de hipermobilidade de primeiro raio, o Procedimento Original de Lapidus (POL) foi relatado como uma opção de tratamento ideal. O objetivo foi comparar os resultados clínicos, funcionais e radiográficos dos pacientes submetidos ao POL que evoluíram com e sem fusão entre M1 e M2. O estudo é uma revisão retrospectiva de 40 pacientes submetidos ao POL para correção de HV. O seguimento médio foi de 18 meses. A não união foi avaliada clínica e radiograficamente. O ângulo intermetatarsal (AIM), o ângulo de metatarsofalangeano (AMTF) e largura do antepé também foram medidos. As análises clínicas e funcionais foram baseadas na Escala Visual Analógica (VAS), Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS) e questionário de saúde Short-form 12 (SF-12). Os desfechos radiográficos, clínicos e funcionais foram comparados usando testes pareados de Wilcoxon e t de Student. A confiabilidade interobservador das medidas radiográficas foi calculada usando coeficientes de correlação intraclasse (ICC). Nos Resultados não houve diferenças significativas entre os grupos que apresentavam consolidação e não consolidação entre o primeiro e o segundo metatarso (p <0,001). O ICC das medidas radiográficas apresentou excelente confiabilidade. Então, o presente estudo demonstrou desfecho pós-operatório similares entre os dois grupos. Palavras-chave: Hallux valgus. Antepé Humano. Metatarso. Artrodese. Inquéritos e Questionários.

Correlação clínica e funcional com encurtamento do primeiro metatarso após correção do hálux valgo com a técnica de Lapidus / Clinical and functional correlation with shortening of the first metatarsal after correction of lux valgo with the Lapidus technique

O hálux valgo (HV) é uma patologia comum do antepé e sua etiologia é multifatorial. Para deformidades graves, ou em casos de hipermobilidade de primeiro raio, o procedimento de Lapidus (PL) foi relatado como uma opção de tratamento ideal. O objetivo foi correlacionar o encurtamento do primeiro metatarso (1M) com metatarsalgia de transferência (MT) e os resultados clínicos e funcionais em pacientes submetidos ao procedimento de Lapidus (PL). O estudo é uma revisão retrospectiva de 29 pacientes submetidos ao PL para correção de HV. O seguimento médio foi de 20 meses. O comprimento 1M foi analisado usando a medição do comprimento relativo do primeiro metatarso (CRPM). O ângulo intermetatarsal (AIM) e o ângulo de metatarsofalangeano (AMTF) também foram medidos. As análises clínicas e funcionais foram baseadas na Escala Visual Analógica (VAS), Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS) e questionário de saúde Short-form 12 (SF-12). A metatarsalgia de transferência foi diagnosticada pelo exame clínico. Os desfechos radiográficos, clínicos e funcionais foram comparados usando testes pareados de Wilcoxon e t de Student. A confiabilidade interobservador das medidas CRPM foi calculada usando coeficientes de correlação intraclasse (ICC). A correlação entre CRPM e os questionários clínicos e funcionais foi avaliada com o teste Rho de Spearman. Nos Resultados houve um encurtamento 1M significativo de 2,28 mm (p <0,001), com CRPM pré-operatória média de 3,06 mm e pós-operatório médio de 5,34 mm. Nenhum paciente evoluiu com metatarsalgia de transferência. O ICC das medidas da CRPM apresentou excelente confiabilidade. AIM e AMTF mostraram melhorias (p <0,001). Melhorias clínicas e funcionais foram observadas em todos os questionários aplicados. Na regressão linear, CRPM foi inversamente correlacionado com LEFS (p = <0,05), o que significa que os escores LEFS aumentaram conforme as medidas de CRPM diminuíram. Então, o presente estudo demonstrou que o encurtamento 1M levou a uma diminuição do LEFS após a PL. Palavras-chave: Hálux valgo. Lapidus. Encurtamento do metatarso. Resultados clínicos. Metatarsalgia de transferência.

Estimación del sexo con metacarpos y metatarsos para población mexicana / Estimation of gender from metacarpals and metatarsals in a Mexican population

INTRODUCCIÓN: El objetivo de este estudio fue la obtención de funciones discriminantes para estimación del sexo a partir de mediciones directas en metacarpos y metatarsos para contribuir en la identificación de individuos desconocidos. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se analizaron métricamente los metacarpos y metatarsos de 112 esqueletos adultos contemporáneos (49 femeninos y 63 masculinos) de la Colección-UNAM del Laboratorio de Antropología Física, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM. Empleando un vernier digital se tomaron 5 medidas (longitud máxima y 4 anchuras) en cada uno de los huesos del metacarpo y del metatarso. RESULTADOS: Se desarrollaron 14 funciones discriminantes para los metacarpos, con porcentajes del 79,5% a 85,3% de asignación sexual correcta, siendo el segundo metacarpo el hueso más dimórfico de la muestra. Para el caso de los metatarsos se obtuvieron 5 funciones que van del 77,8% al 83,2% de certidumbre, siendo el primer metatarso el hueso más dimórfico. De manera general, las anchuras en ambas epífisis fueron las medidas más dimórficas. CONCLUSIONES: Las funciones discriminantes de metacarpos y metatarsos obtenidas presentan, de manera general, porcentajes por encima del 80%, lo cual concuerda con lo reportado para otras poblaciones; por lo tanto, pueden ser utilizadas en contextos forenses para la identificación humana, en restos completos o fragmentados, en el caso de no contar con otro elemento óseo, como la pelvis

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to obtain discriminant functions for estimating gender from direct measurements of the metacarpal and metatarsal bones for identification of unknown individuals. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An analysis was performed on metacarpal and metatarsals bones of 112 adult contemporary skeletons (49 females and 63 males). The sample belongs to the Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) Collection from the Physical Anthropology Laboratory, UNAM Faculty of Medicine. Five measurements were taken (maximum length and four widths) of each metacarpal and metatarsal bones employing a digital calliper. RESULTS: Fourteen discriminant functions were developed for metacarpals with percentages from 79.5% to 85.3% of correct gender classification. The second metacarpal was the most dimorphic of the sample. For metatarsals, five discriminant functions were obtained, ranging from 77.8% to 83.2% of certainty. In this case the first metatarsal was the most dimorphic. In general terms, the widths of both epiphyses were the most dimorphic measurements. CONCLUSIONS: The discriminant functions of metacarpal and metatarsal bones obtained are generally above 80%, which is similar to reports from other populations. Therefore, it can be used in forensic contexts for human identification with complete or fragmented remains, in the cases where no other bone element is available, such as the pelvis

Technique Tip: A Simple Method to Treat Hallux Valgus with Severe Metatarsus Adductus / 대한족부족관절학회지

Hallux valgus with metatarsus adductus is difficult to treat and has a higher risk of recurrence after correction. Some treatments for hallux valgus with metatarsus adductus have been reported, but these are extensive procedures with a risk of complications associated with the shortening and malposition of the lesser metatarsals. The technique described here is easier to perform and has several advantages over the previously reported techniques.

Identificación de hipofosfatasia en la práctica clínica: manifestaciones clínicas y recomendaciones diagnósticas en pacientes adultos / Identification of hypophosphatasia in a clinical setting: Clinical manifestations and diagnostic recommendations in adult patients

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Luxo-fractura de Chopart / Fracture-luxation de l'articulation de Chopart / Chopart luxo-fracture

La articulación de Chopart o transversa del tarso está constituida por la articulación calcaneocuboidea y la astragaloescafoidea. Las lesiones que ocurren en estas articulaciones se conocen como luxo-fractura de Chopart y son extremadamente raras. Entre las causas más frecuentes se encuentran los accidentes en motocicletas y las caídas de altura. El tratamiento es la reducción anatómica y fijación estable. La necrosis avascular del astrágalo, así como la artritis postraumática son las complicaciones más temidas. Con este trabajo se pretende describir la conducta y evolución perioperatoria de dos pacientes con luxo-fractura de Chopart, atendidos en el Servicio de Urgencias del Hospital Militar Central Dr Luis Díaz Soto. Fueron diagnosticados tempranamente y se les realizó reducción abierta más fijación interna con una recuperación en los primeros tres meses. La baja prevalencia de la luxo-fractura de Chopart requiere un diagnóstico adecuado y correcto para lograr un buen resultado clínico(AU)

The Chopart joint or transverse tarsus is constituted by the calcaneocuboid and the astragaloescafoidea joints. The injuries that occur in these joints are known as Chopart luxo-fracture and are extremely rare. Motorcycle accidents and falls from heights are among the most frequent causes of Chopart luxo-fractures. The treatment is the anatomical reduction and stable fixation. The avascular necrosis of the talus, as well as post-traumatic arthritis are the most feared complications. This paper aims to describe the behavior and perioperative evolution of two patients with Chopart luxo-fracture, treated in the Emergency Service at Dr Luis Díaz Soto Central Military Hospital. They were early diagnosed and underwent open reduction and internal fixation. They recovered in the first three months. The low prevalence of Chopart luxo-fracture requires adequate and correct diagnosis to achieve good clinical results(AU)

L'articulation de Chopart, ou médio-tarsienne, est constituée de deux articulations distinctes: l'articulation calcanéo-cuboïdienne et l'articulation astragalo-scaphoïdienne. Les lésions produites dans ces articulations sont connues comme des fractures-luxations de l'articulation de Chopart, et sont assez rares. Parmi les causes les plus fréquentes, on peut trouver les accidents du trafic (surtout, de moto) et les chutes de haut. Le traitement consiste généralement à une réduction anatomique et une fixation stable. La nécrose avasculaire de l'astragale et l'arthrite post-traumatique sont les complications les plus souvent à craindre. Le but de ce travail est de décrire le comportement et l'évolution péri-opératoire de deux patients atteints d'une fracture-luxation de l'articulation de Chopart, et traités au service d'urgence de l'hôpital militaire Dr Luis Díaz Soto. Ils sont rapidement diagnostiqués, et traités par réduction ouverte et fixation interne. Leur récupération est réussie en trois mois. La faible prévalence de la fracture-luxation de l'articulation de Chopart exige un diagnostic précis pour atteindre de bons résultats cliniques(AU)

Management of temporomandibular joint ankylosis in yemeni children by metatarsal bone grafts

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate temporomandibular joint reconstruction in Yemeni children with metatarsal bone graft after release of ankylosis. Methodology: Ten patients ≤12 years of age, comprising eight unilateral and two bilaterally TMJ ankylosis, were selected for this study. These patients underwent reconstruction with 10 non-vascularized metatarsal grafts. The reconstructed joints were then followed for an average of 1 year. Measures of opening, symmetry, and clinical symptoms relating to the reconstructed joints were assessed. Results: Mean pre-operative interincisal aperture was 8.2mm, and immediate post-operative aperture 23.4mm. At the end of the follow-up period, acceptable results were achieved in 8 out of 10 cases, with adequate mouth opening of 35.6mm in 8 out of 10 patients and overall interincisal aperture of 30.3mm. Re-ankylosis occurred in two bilaterally-treated patients at the end of follow-up. Subjectively, 80 percent of the patients rated their function as satisfactory and were able to occlude and masticate without any difficulty. Conclusion: Reconstruction of TMJ after release of ankylosis utilizing metatarsal bone graft shows a satisfactory interincisal aperture in 80 percent of patients.

Tratamiento del pie metatarso aducto con el método de vendajes funcionales correctores: estudio retrospectivo / Corrective bandage for conservative treatment of metatarsus adductus: A retrospective study

Objetivo: Analizar la evolución del pie metatarso aducto semirrígido o de segundo grado tras la aplicación de un método de tratamiento con vendajes funcionales correctores en niños recién nacidos. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional retrospectivo de 94 niños nacidos con pies metatarso aductos semirrígidos o de segundo grado en el Hospital Virgen Macarena de Sevilla durante los años 2010-2012 tratados con el método de vendajes funcionales correctores. Las variables registradas fueron: sexo, lateralidad de la deformidad, peso y longitud del recién nacido, edad al inicio del tratamiento, antecedentes relacionados con el embarazo y el parto, tipo de tratamiento aplicado y su duración, y corrección o no de la deformidad solo con vendajes. Resultados: Se observó que en el 68,1% (64/94) de los pacientes el metatarso aducto se corrigió solo con vendajes. En las niñas el tratamiento mediante vendajes resolvió la deformidad con más frecuencia que en los niños. Conclusión: El método de vendajes correctores presenta una gran efectividad en la corrección del pie metatarso aducto. En las niñas, el tratamiento mediante vendajes resolvió la deformidad con más frecuencia que en los niños (AU)

Objective: To analyze the evolution of a corrective bandage of the semi-rigid metatarsus adductus (MA) foot in newborn. Material and methods: An observational, clinical study was performed at the University Hospital ‘Virgen Macarena’ in Seville, Spain. Children born with semi-rigid metatarsus adductus feet at the Virgen Macarena University Hospital in Seville during the years 2010-2011 were included. Corrective bandaging was applied to all children until clinical correction of the deformity. Sex, laterality of the deformity, weight and length of the newborn, age at the start of treatment, antecedents related to the pregnancy and birth, type of treatment (bandaging, splints) and correction or no correction with bandaging alone were recorded. Results: The bandage achieved complete correction in 68.1% of the metatarsus adductus patients and corrected the deformity more frequently in girls compared to boys. Conclusion: Corrective bandages showed high effectiveness, particularly in girls (AU)

Secuelas graves de la cirugía del hallux valgus: opciones quirúrgicas para su tratamiento / Serious sequellae of the hallux valgus surgery: More options for its surgical treatment

Objetivo. Se expone un procedimiento para tratar las secuelas originadas por fracaso de técnicas correctoras del hallux valgus, que producen grave acortamiento del primer radio con metatarsalgia severa y dificultad para realizar el tercer rocker. Material y métodos. El trabajo, realizado en 2 hospitales de Madrid y Barcelona, analiza los resultados clínicos y radiológicos de 40 casos, en los que predomina el sexo femenino en un 97,5%. Técnicamente consiste en realizar una artrodesis metatarsofalángica, previa distracción ósea con un minifijador externo, y posteriormente interponer un injerto óseo de cresta ilíaca, estabilizándolo con una placa o con el mismo minifijador. Resultados. El acortamiento medio preoperatoriamente fue de 2,5 cm y el alargamiento obtenido osciló entre 1,5 y 3,0 cm. La integración ósea clínica y radiológica se consiguió a los 2-4 meses, manteniéndose esta al año de seguimiento. Para valorar los resultados, se aplicaron los criterios de Blauth y Falliner en periodos intermedios y al año de la cirugía, mediante la Escala Visual Analógica (VAS score/dolor, escala 1-10) que fueron favorables en un 80%, sin modificarse en el tiempo. La tasa de fracasos fue del 7,5%; cabe destacar la no integración del injerto y la infección, que requirieron cirugía adicional. Discusión. Hay escasas publicaciones sobre graves secuelas de la cirugía del hallux valgus, tampoco hay pautas establecidas al respecto, salvo la artrodesis convencional. El problema se plantea cuando el paciente presenta grave acortamiento con metatarsalgia severa y una artrodesis metatarsofalángica directa que agravaría el problema al acortar más el primer radio. En dichos casos nuestros procedimientos están indicados (AU)

Objective. The purpose of this study is to present a method for treating the serious consequences that result from failure of corrective techniques used for hallux valgus, which produces severe shortening of the first ray, and makes it difficult to perform the third rocker. Material and methods. In this study, conducted in 2 hospitals in Madrid and Barcelona, an assessment was made of the clinical and radiological results of 40 cases, of which 97.5% were female. Technically it involves making a metatarsophalangeal arthrodesis after bone distraction with an external mini-fixation, and then inserting an iliac crest bone graft, stabilising it with a plate or the mini-fixator. Results. The pre-operative shortening was 2.5 cm. and elongation obtained was between 1.5 and 3.0 cm. Clinical and radiological bone graft integration was achieved at 2-4 months, although full integration occurred after one year. Falliner and Blauth criteria were used to evaluate the results at 6 and 12 months follow-up, and using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS score/pain, scale 1-10), being favourable in 80%, and not changing over time. The failure rate was 7.5%, which included the non-integration of the graft and infection, requiring additional surgery. Discussion. There are not many publications on the number and type of complication for hallux valgus surgery, or guidelines established, only the treatment by conventional fusion. The problem arises when the patient presents a severe shortening of the ray, and direct fusion would aggravate the insufficiency of the first ray and the transference metatarsalgia. In these cases, these procedures would be indicated (AU)

Tratamiento del hallux valgus moderado y severo mediante doble osteotomía percutánea del primer metatarsiano / Treatment of moderate and severe hallux valgus by performing percutaneous double osteotomy of the first metatarsal bone

Objetivo. Evaluar los resultados clínicos y radiológicos en el tratamiento del hallux valgus moderado y grave mediante la realización de una doble osteotomía percutánea. Material y métodos. Se presenta un estudio retrospectivo de 45 pies intervenidos en 42 pacientes diagnosticados de hallux valgus moderado-severo, operados en un solo centro y por el mismo cirujano entre mayo del 2009 y marzo del 2013. Dos pacientes no acudieron a los controles posquirúrgicos. Se registraron los resultados clínicos y radiológicos. Resultados. Según la escala de la American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) se obtuvo una mejoría de la puntuación de 48,14 ± 4,79 puntos a 91,28 ± 8,73 puntos. Radiográficamente se obtuvo una disminución en el AIM de 16,88 ± 2,01 a 8,18 ± 3,23 y en el AHV de 40,02 ± 6,50 a 10,51 ± 6,55. Hubo un caso de hallux varus, un caso de seudoartrosis, un síndrome doloroso regional complejo tipo I, una infección que se resolvió con antibióticos y un caso de movilización de la osteosíntesis usada que requirió reintervención abierta. Discusión. Las osteotomías percutáneas distales aisladas del primer metatarsiano muestran limitaciones a la hora de enfrentarse a casos de hallux valgus moderado y severo. La técnica descrita añade las ventajas de la cirugía mínimamente invasiva, ampliando las indicaciones a deformidades severas. Conclusiones. La doble osteotomía percutánea es una técnica reproducible que permite la corrección de deformidades severas con buenos resultados clínicos y radiológicos y con una tasa de complicaciones similares a otras técnicas, con tiempos operatorios más cortos y menor daño de partes blandas (AU)

Objective. To evaluate the clinical and radiological results in the surgical treatment of moderate and severe hallux valgus by performing percutaneous double osteotomy. Material and method. A retrospective study was conducted on 45 feet of 42 patients diagnosed with moderate-severe hallux valgus, operated on in a single centre and by the same surgeon from May 2009 to March 2013. Two patients were lost to follow-up. Clinical and radiological results were recorded. Results. An improvement from 48.14 ± 4.79 points to 91.28 ± 8.73 points was registered using the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) scale. A radiological decrease from 16.88 ± 2.01 to 8.18 ± 3.23 was observed in the intermetatarsal angle, and from 40.02 ± 6.50 to 10.51 ± 6.55 in hallux valgus angle. There was one case of hallux varus, one case of non-union, a regional pain syndrome type I, an infection that resolved with antibiotics, and a case of loosening of the osteosynthesis that required an open surgical refixation. Discussion. Percutaneous distal osteotomy of the first metatarsal when performed as an isolated procedure, show limitations when dealing with cases of moderate and severe hallux valgus. The described technique adds the advantages of minimally invasive surgery by expanding applications to severe deformities. Conclusions. Percutaneous double osteotomy is a reproducible technique for correcting severe deformities, with good clinical and radiological results with a complication rate similar to other techniques with the advantages of shorter surgical times and less soft tissue damage (AU)

Parosteal Lipoma in the Metatarsus: A Case Report / 대한족부족관절학회지

We experienced a rare case of parosteal lipoma, which located on the periosteum of the foot 4th metatarsus. A 22-year-old woman visited the hospital with painful mass in her foot. Based on the assessment of plain radiographs, computed tomography scan, and magnetic resonance image, it was suspected as lipoma. Marginal excision was performed and parosteal lipoma was confirmed histologically. Any local recurrence and complications were not observed in 2 years after surgery.

Characteristics of Severe Hallux Valgus Deformity with Moderate Intermetatarsal Angle / 대한족부족관절학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the characteristics of hallux valgus with severe hallux valgus angle (HVA) and moderate intermetatarsal angle (IMA) after proximal chevron osteotomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 2008 and December 2010, 41 patients (48 feet) were treated with proximal chevron osteotomy and distal soft tissue procedure for symptomatic severe hallux valgus deformity (HVA > or =40degrees). Patients were divided into two groups, group M (IMA or =18degrees). Mean age of patients was 55.7 years (34~70 years) in group M and 60.0 years (44~78 years) in group S. Mean duration of follow-up was 20.4 months (12~41 months) in group M and 18.5 months (12~35 months) in group S. Radiographic parameters, including HVA, IMA, sesamoid position, metatarsus adductus angle (MAA), and distal metatarsal articular angle (DMAA), were compared between groups. Clinical results were assessed using American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score and visual analogue scale (VAS). Recurrence rate at the last follow-up was compared between group M and group S. RESULTS: Preoperative HVA and grade of sesamoid position did not differ between the groups. However, immediate postoperative HVA and grade of sesamoid position were significantly larger in group M. Preoperative MAA and DMAA were significantly larger in group M. No significant difference in AOFAS score and VAS was observed between the groups at the last follow-up. Ten of the 27 feet (37.0%) in group M and two of the 21 feet (9.5%) in group S showed hallux valgus recurrence at the last follow-up. Group M showed a significantly higher recurrence rate than group S. CONCLUSION: Recurrence rate for severe hallux valgus with moderate IMA is higher than that of severe hallux valgus with severe IMA.

A reappraisal of the relationship between metatarsus adductus and hallux valgus / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>A causal link between the metatarsus adductus and hallux valgus is not clear. The aim of this study was to investigate the configurations of the metatarsus adductus deformity by radiological measurements and reappraise the relationship between hallux valgus and metatarsus adductus.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The first step was evaluation of the relationship between metatarsus adductus and hallux valgus on 143 dorsoplantar weight-bearing radiographs diagnosed as hallux valgus which was also known as bunions. Measurements including the hallux valgus angle (HVA), the intermetatarsal angle (IMA), the Kilmartin angle (KA), the tibial sesamoid position (TSP), and metatarsus adductus angle were taken. The metatarsus adductus angle is defined by Sgarlato's angle (SMA) and Engel's angle (EMA) respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The metatarsus adductus angle positively correlates with the HVA (r = 0.590, P = 0.000) and KA (r = 0.601, P = 0.000), yet negatively correlates with the grade of TSP, (r = -0.348, P = 0.000). Contradiction of diagnosis existed in 22 (22/100) subjects diagnosed as metatarsus adductus by SMA yet normal by EMA. In this group, the correlation between HVA and metatarsus adductus angle was negative (r = -0.472, P = 0.027).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>EMA and SMA defined metatarsus adductus by different deformity apexes. Metatarsus adductus configurations in that the apex of the deformity lay in either the base of metatarsals or tarsus. They respectively correlate positively or negatively to the HVA.</p>