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1.
Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) ; 65(5): 714-721, 2019 Jun 03.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31166450

ABSTRACT

An isthmocele, a cesarean scar defect or uterine niche, is any indentation representing myometrial discontinuity or a triangular anechoic defect in the anterior uterine wall, with the base communicating to the uterine cavity, at the site of a previous cesarean section scar. It can be classified as a small or large defect, depending on the wall thickness of the myometrial deficiency. Although usually asymptomatic, its primary symptom is abnormal or postmenstrual bleeding, and chronic pelvic pain may also occur. Infertility, placenta accrete or praevia, scar dehiscence, uterine rupture, and cesarean scar ectopic pregnancy may also appear as complications of this condition. The risk factors of isthmocele proven to date include retroflexed uterus and multiple cesarean sections. Nevertheless, factors such as a lower position of cesarean section, incomplete closure of the hysterotomy, early adhesions of the uterine wall and a genetic predisposition may also contribute to the development of a niche. As there are no definitive criteria for diagnosing an isthmocele, several imaging methods can be used to assess the integrity of the uterine wall and thus diagnose an isthmocele. However, transvaginal ultrasound and saline infusion sonohysterography emerge as specific, sensitive and cost-effective methods to diagnose isthmocele. The treatment includes clinical or surgical management, depending on the size of the defect, the presence of symptoms, the presence of secondary infertility and plans of childbearing. Surgical management includes minimally invasive approaches with sparing techniques such as hysteroscopic, laparoscopic or transvaginal procedures according to the defect size.


Subject(s)
Cesarean Section/adverse effects , Cicatrix/diagnosis , Cicatrix/therapy , Uterine Diseases/diagnosis , Uterine Diseases/therapy , Cicatrix/etiology , Female , Humans , Hysteroscopy/methods , Metrorrhagia/diagnosis , Metrorrhagia/etiology , Metrorrhagia/therapy , Risk Factors , Uterine Diseases/etiology
2.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992, Impr.) ; Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992, Impr.);65(5): 714-721, May 2019.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1012966

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY An isthmocele, a cesarean scar defect or uterine niche, is any indentation representing myometrial discontinuity or a triangular anechoic defect in the anterior uterine wall, with the base communicating to the uterine cavity, at the site of a previous cesarean section scar. It can be classified as a small or large defect, depending on the wall thickness of the myometrial deficiency. Although usually asymptomatic, its primary symptom is abnormal or postmenstrual bleeding, and chronic pelvic pain may also occur. Infertility, placenta accrete or praevia, scar dehiscence, uterine rupture, and cesarean scar ectopic pregnancy may also appear as complications of this condition. The risk factors of isthmocele proven to date include retroflexed uterus and multiple cesarean sections. Nevertheless, factors such as a lower position of cesarean section, incomplete closure of the hysterotomy, early adhesions of the uterine wall and a genetic predisposition may also contribute to the development of a niche. As there are no definitive criteria for diagnosing an isthmocele, several imaging methods can be used to assess the integrity of the uterine wall and thus diagnose an isthmocele. However, transvaginal ultrasound and saline infusion sonohysterography emerge as specific, sensitive and cost-effective methods to diagnose isthmocele. The treatment includes clinical or surgical management, depending on the size of the defect, the presence of symptoms, the presence of secondary infertility and plans of childbearing. Surgical management includes minimally invasive approaches with sparing techniques such as hysteroscopic, laparoscopic or transvaginal procedures according to the defect size.


RESUMO A istmocele ou nicho uterino é representada por uma descontinuidade miometrial ou um defeito anecoico triangular na parede uterina anterior, com a base se comunicando com a cavidade uterina no local de uma cicatriz anterior de cesárea. O defeito pode ser classificado como pequeno ou grande, dependendo da espessura da parede miometrial deficiente. Embora geralmente assintomático, seu principal sintoma é o sangramento uterino anormal ou pós-menstrual; a dor pélvica crônica também pode ocorrer. Infertilidade, placenta acreta ou prévia, deiscência de cicatriz, ruptura uterina e gravidez ectópica em cicatriz de cesárea prévia também podem aparecer como complicações dessa condição. Os fatores de risco para desenvolvimento da istmocele comprovados até o momento incluem útero retroverso e múltiplas cesarianas. No entanto, fatores como localização mais inferior de uma cesárea prévia, fechamento incompleto da histerotomia, aderências precoces na parede uterina e predisposição genética também podem contribuir para o desenvolvimento de um nicho. Como não existem critérios definitivos para o diagnóstico de uma istmocele, vários métodos de imagem podem ser usados para avaliar a integridade da parede uterina e, assim, diagnosticar uma istmocele. Entretanto, ultrassonografia transvaginal e sono-histerografia com infusão salina surgem como métodos específicos, sensíveis e custo-efetivos para o diagnóstico de istmocele. O tratamento inclui manejo clínico ou cirúrgico, dependendo do tamanho do defeito, da presença de sintomas, da presença de infertilidade secundária e de planos de gravidez. O manejo cirúrgico inclui abordagens minimamente invasivas como histeroscopia, laparoscopia ou transvaginal, de acordo com o tamanho do defeito.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Uterine Diseases/diagnosis , Uterine Diseases/therapy , Cesarean Section/adverse effects , Cicatrix/diagnosis , Cicatrix/therapy , Uterine Diseases/etiology , Hysteroscopy/methods , Risk Factors , Cicatrix/etiology , Metrorrhagia/diagnosis , Metrorrhagia/etiology , Metrorrhagia/therapy
3.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol ; 79(3): 199-208, jun. 2014. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-720215

ABSTRACT

Las malformaciones vasculares uterinas son muy infrecuentes y se presentan asociadas a metrorragia con riesgo vital. Su incidencia no es conocida porque las series son de pocos casos. Presentamos tres pacientes con hemorragia obstétrica cuyo estudio diagnóstico con ultrasonido y angiografía, demostró malformación arteriovenosa uterina. En un caso, dada la extensión de la lesión, el tratamiento fue con embolización bilateral de arterias uterinas seguida de histerectomía. Otras dos pacientes, por preservación de fertilidad, fueron sometidas solo a embolización. La evolución clínica y las imágenes confirmaron que los procedimientos fueron exitosos. Se discute la importancia de la interpretación correcta de las imágenes para el diagnóstico, la adaptación de los métodos terapéuticos al caso individual y el manejo multidisciplinario.


The uterine vascular malformations are very infrequent and associated to maternal hemorrhage with vital risk. The incidence is unknown because the published series are little with few cases. We described three cases with obstetrical hemorrhage and the image study with ultrasound and angiography showed an arteriovenous malformation. One patient, for the extensive lesion, was treated with bilateral embolization of uterine arteries and then, histerectomy. The others patients, for preservation her fertility, were treated with embolization only. The clinical evolution and the vascular images study confirm the success of the procedures. We discuss the importance of images analysis for the diagnosis, the individual application of therapeutic methods and a multidisciplinary approach for this scope.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Female , Pregnancy , Uterine Artery Embolization/methods , Arteriovenous Malformations/diagnosis , Arteriovenous Malformations/therapy , Metrorrhagia/etiology , Uterus/blood supply , Angiography , Arteriovenous Malformations/complications , Metrorrhagia/therapy , Radiology, Interventional
4.
Femina ; 37(7): 389-394, jul. 2009. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-537581

ABSTRACT

O sangramento uterino anormal é um distúrbio frequente que pode ocorrer em qualquer idade entre a menarca e a menopausa, mas concentra-se principalmente em seus extremos, logo após a menarca e no período perimenopausa, quando ocorrem alterações no eixo hipotálamo-hipófise-ovário, que levam com muita frequência à anovulação. O sangramento uterino disfuncional, considerado diagnóstico de exclusão, pode ser ovulatório ou anovulatório. O manejo do quadro pressupõe que o sangramento agudo seja coibido e que se evite a recidiva; para tanto, é fundamental que se estabeleça o diagnóstico etiológico. Os autores fazem uma revisão objetiva sobre o assunto, dando ênfase ao diagnóstico e tratamento da doença.


Abnormal uterine bleeding is a clinical problem wich may occur at any time during the reproductive years; however, it is most prevalent during perimenarche and perimenopause, when women tend to have anovularoty cycles. Disfunctional uterine bleeding is a prevalent disease that affects women from adolescence to menopause. The treatment should control the acute bleeding and avoid the recidive. The etiological diagnosis is fundamental for this purpose. The authors make an objective review about dysfunctional uterine bleeding herein, focusing on the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.


Subject(s)
Female , Contraceptives, Oral/therapeutic use , Uterine Hemorrhage/diagnosis , Uterine Hemorrhage/etiology , Uterine Hemorrhage/drug therapy , Uterine Hemorrhage/therapy , Intrauterine Devices, Medicated , Menorrhagia/diagnosis , Menorrhagia/therapy , Metrorrhagia/diagnosis , Metrorrhagia/therapy , Hysterectomy , Recurrence
5.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol ; 71(2): 121-124, 2006. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-469633

ABSTRACT

Antecedentes: La hemorragia del postparto es una de las complicaciones de mayor morbimortalidad materna. Objetivo: Comunicar el uso exitoso del balón de Bakri en un caso de metrorragia del postparto. Metodología: Se presenta el dispositivo utilizado. Resultado: Control eficiente de la metrorragia postparto por acretismo placentario mediante el uso del balón de Bakri, que permitió conservar el útero. Conclusión: El balón de Bakri es una alternativa no quirúrgica para el control de la hemorragia del postparto.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adult , Catheterization , Postpartum Hemorrhage/therapy , Placenta Accreta/therapy , Postpartum Hemorrhage/etiology , Metrorrhagia/therapy , Placenta Accreta , Placenta Previa , Pregnancy Trimester, Third , Treatment Outcome , Hemostatic Techniques/instrumentation
6.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol ; 69(4): 316-318, 2004. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-401883

ABSTRACT

Se presenta caso clínico de una paciente de 32 años de edad, primípara, puérpera de cesárea, con diagnóstico de inercia uterina refractaria a tratamiento médico, se comenta manejo y técnica quirúrgica conservadora.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Infant, Newborn , Adult , Postpartum Hemorrhage/surgery , Postpartum Hemorrhage/complications , Postpartum Hemorrhage/diagnosis , Postpartum Hemorrhage/therapy , Apgar Score , Cesarean Section/adverse effects , Metrorrhagia/surgery , Metrorrhagia/etiology , Metrorrhagia/therapy , Shock/surgery , Shock/etiology , Shock/therapy
8.
Homeopatía [Argent.] ; 64(1): 64-6, 1999.
Article in Spanish | BINACIS | ID: bin-13682

ABSTRACT

En este trabajo, se resuelve un caso de una metrorragia post-estro en una perra mestiza, administrando un único medicamento en dos potencias diferentes, separadas una de otra según las reglas de la 2da. Prescripción. La conclusión inmediata fue la curación de una patología que generalmente se trata en forma quirúrgica (no hubo recidivas a lo largo de la vida del animal), pero algo más importante es que posteriores trastornos de otra índole, fueron solucionados con el mismo medicamento, por lo que uno puede deducir que estamos en presencia del Simillimun (AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Metrorrhagia/therapy , Dogs , Homeopathic Therapeutics , Medicamentous Diagnosis
9.
Homeopatía (B. Aires) ; 64(1): 64-6, 1999.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-252977

ABSTRACT

En este trabajo, se resuelve un caso de una metrorragia post-estro en una perra mestiza, administrando un único medicamento en dos potencias diferentes, separadas una de otra según las reglas de la 2da. Prescripción. La conclusión inmediata fue la curación de una patología que generalmente se trata en forma quirúrgica (no hubo recidivas a lo largo de la vida del animal), pero algo más importante es que posteriores trastornos de otra índole, fueron solucionados con el mismo medicamento, por lo que uno puede deducir que estamos en presencia del Simillimun


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Dogs , Metrorrhagia/therapy , Medicamentous Diagnosis , Homeopathic Therapeutics
10.
Ginecol Obstet Mex ; 66: 483-5, 1998 Dec.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9951174

ABSTRACT

In obstetrics, the uterine tamponade has been used for the control of acute uterine bleeding. However, the control of the acute hemorrhage from the nonpuerperal uterus is more difficult. Four cases are presented with uterine bleeding during dilation and evacuation without response to medical treatment. They were treated with the use of the Foley catheter for 12 to 24 hrs. There were not complications. The uterine tamponade with Foley catheter is a therapeutic option before the radical surgical treatment.


Subject(s)
Balloon Occlusion , Catheterization , Metrorrhagia/etiology , Abortion, Spontaneous/complications , Acute Disease , Adult , Cesarean Section/adverse effects , Dilatation and Curettage/adverse effects , Female , Humans , Metrorrhagia/therapy , Pregnancy , Treatment Outcome
12.
Rev Chil Obstet Ginecol ; 57(2): 72-8; discussion 78-9, 1992.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1342442

ABSTRACT

Forty-six patients with the diagnosis of menometrorrhagia, currently under control in the infantile and adolescent unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital del Salvador. We emphasize that uterine hemorrhage is a frequent emergency during adolescence requiring fully studies. Medical treatment using different hormonal schemes solve the majority of menometrorrhagias. Only a small group require a D & C using the virginal approach. Patients should be controlled during various cycles once bleeding is stopped to avoid relapse and future problems related with anovulation, endometrial hyperplasia or fertility problems.


Subject(s)
Menorrhagia/diagnosis , Metrorrhagia/diagnosis , Adolescent , Combined Modality Therapy , Emergencies , Female , Humans , Menorrhagia/classification , Menorrhagia/therapy , Metrorrhagia/classification , Metrorrhagia/therapy , Recurrence , Uterine Hemorrhage/classification , Uterine Hemorrhage/diagnosis , Uterine Hemorrhage/therapy
15.
16.
17.
Rev. sanid. def. nac. (Santiago de Chile) ; 4(2): 115-8, abr.-jun. 1987.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-69233

ABSTRACT

The definition, diagnosis and management of metrorrhagia are discussed with special attention to its multiple causes. A detailed review of dysfunctional uterine bleeding as the most common of this disorders with special reference to the newest hormonal treatment is presented


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Female , Metrorrhagia/therapy
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