ABSTRACT
Neste boletim são apresentados: situação mundial, ocorrência de hospitalizações confirmadas para sars-cov-2, perfil das pessoas, distribuição espacial, Síndrome Inflamatória Multissistêmica Pediátrica (SIM-P), povos indígenas, descrição de surtos, trabalhadores da saúde, Vigilância sentinela de síndrome gripal e tabelas de descrição do surto. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Health Profile , Hospital Mortality/ethnology , Health Personnel/statistics & numerical data , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Population Groups/statistics & numerical data , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Disease Outbreaks , Coronavirus Infections/mortality , Molecular Diagnostic Techniques/statistics & numerical data , Indigenous Peoples/statistics & numerical data , Inflammation/virologyABSTRACT
Neste boletim são apresentados: situação mundial, ocorrência de hospitalizações confirmadas para sars-cov-2, perfil das pessoas, distribuição espacial, Síndrome Inflamatória Multissistêmica Pediátrica (SIM-P), povos indígenas, descrição de surtos, trabalhadores da saúde, Vigilância sentinela de síndrome gripal e tabelas de descrição do surto. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Health Profile , Disease Outbreaks , Hospital Mortality/ethnology , Health Personnel/statistics & numerical data , Coronavirus Infections/mortality , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Molecular Diagnostic Techniques/statistics & numerical data , Population Groups/statistics & numerical data , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Sentinel Surveillance , Health of Indigenous Peoples/statistics & numerical data , BetacoronavirusABSTRACT
Neste boletim são apresentados: situação mundial, ocorrência de hospitalizações confirmadas para sars-cov-2, perfil das pessoas, distribuição espacial, Síndrome Inflamatória Multissistêmica Pediátrica (SIM-P), povos indígenas, descrição de surtos, trabalhadores da saúde, Vigilância sentinela de síndrome gripal e tabelas de descrição do surto. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Health Profile , Disease Outbreaks , Hospital Mortality/ethnology , Health Personnel/statistics & numerical data , Coronavirus Infections/mortality , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Molecular Diagnostic Techniques/statistics & numerical data , Population Groups/statistics & numerical data , Sentinel Surveillance , Health of Indigenous Peoples/statistics & numerical data , Betacoronavirus , Inflammation/virologyABSTRACT
Neste boletim são apresentados: situação mundial, ocorrência de hospitalizações confirmadas para sars-cov-2, perfil das pessoas, distribuição espacial, Síndrome Inflamatória Multissistêmica Pediátrica (SIM-P), povos indígenas, descrição de surtos, trabalhadores da saúde, Vigilância sentinela de síndrome gripal e tabelas de descrição do surto. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Health Profile , Disease Outbreaks , Hospital Mortality/ethnology , Health Personnel/statistics & numerical data , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Molecular Diagnostic Techniques/statistics & numerical data , Population Groups/statistics & numerical data , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Coronavirus Infections/mortality , Sentinel Surveillance , Health of Indigenous Peoples/statistics & numerical data , Betacoronavirus , Inflammation/virologyABSTRACT
The potential for transfusion transmission of dengue virus (DENV), chikungunya virus (CHIKV), and Zika virus (ZIKV) has raised concerns about the safety of the blood supply in endemic areas. In this study, nucleic acid testing (NAT) for ZIKV, DENV, and CHIKV RNA was performed in asymptomatic blood donor samples in the city of Campinas, located in the southeast region of Brazil (1962 in 2015 and 1775 in 2016). The prevalence of reactive NAT was 0.15% in 2015 and 0.62% in 2016 for dengue, 0.05% in 2015 and 0.17% in 2016 for Zika, and 0% in both years for chikungunya. These results demonstrate the weakness of the clinical interview in screening these blood donors. Furthermore, positivity for ZIKV was detected in March 2015, 1 year before the first reported cases in the region. These data attest the feasibility of using donor samples held in library as a tool for retrospective epidemiological evaluation, which is particularly interesting considering emerging pathogens, for which data on their spread and penetrance are initially scarce.
Subject(s)
Blood Donors , Blood Safety , Zika Virus Infection/epidemiology , Zika Virus Infection/transmission , Zika Virus/isolation & purification , Antibodies, Viral/blood , Brazil/epidemiology , Chikungunya Fever/blood , Chikungunya Fever/epidemiology , Chikungunya virus/isolation & purification , Coinfection/blood , Coinfection/epidemiology , Coinfection/virology , Dengue/blood , Dengue/epidemiology , Dengue Virus/isolation & purification , Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control , Female , Genotype , Humans , Male , Mass Screening , Molecular Diagnostic Techniques/statistics & numerical data , RNA, Viral/genetics , Retrospective Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Zika Virus Infection/bloodABSTRACT
Os dermatófitos são fungos filamentosos, hialinos, septadose que possuem tropismo por estruturas queratinizadas, causando infecções na pele, pelo e unhas, denominadas dermatofitoses. Estas se manifestam com lesões crônicas e de difícil tratamento. A OMS estima que 25% da população mundial seja acometida por dermatófitos.Métodos de diagnóstico molecular baseados na detecção do DNA fúngico têm sido desenvolvidos com a vantagem de serem mais rápidos, sensíveis e específicos. O diagnóstico precoce e assertivo das dermatofitoses deve prevenir a evolução dos casos e tratamentos desnecessários. Este estudo propõe testar um método para diagnóstico molecular de dermatofitoses de baixo custo e de fácil execução. O diagnóstico é baseado em duas reações de PCR, que permitirão a identificação das espécies pertencentes aos três gêneros: Epidermophyton, Trichopyton e Microsporum. Sessenta e sete amostras com suspeita de dermatofitose do laboratório de micologia do Instituto Lauro de Souza Lima foram testadas. O método de extração testado mostrou bom rendimento e baixa pureza. Modificações foram testadas a fim de melhorar a pureza do DNA, no entanto, o ratio 260/280nm não pode ser melhorado, o que possivelmente impediu o funcionamento das PCRs. Mudanças no método de coleta do material do paciente têm potencial para melhorar estes resultados
Dermatophytes are filamentous, hyaline, septate, fungi that have tropism by keratinized structures, causing infections in the skin, hair and nails, called dermatophytosis. These diseases are manifested as chronic lesions and are difficult to treat. The WHO estimates that 25% of the world population is affected by dermatophytes. Molecular diagnosis methods based on detection of fungal DNA have been developed with the advantage of being faster, more sensitive and specific. The early and assertive diagnosis of dermatophytosis should prevent unnecessary treatments. This study proposes to test a method for molecular diagnosis with low cost and easier than regular exams. This method is based on two PCR reactions, which will allow identification of the species belonging to the three genera: Epidermophyton, Trichopyton and Microsporum. Sixty-seven suspected samples with from mycology laboratory at the Lauro de Souza Lima Institute were tested. The extraction method tested showed good yield and low purity. Modifications were tested in order to improve DNA purity, however, the 260/280nm ratio could not be improved, which possibly prevented the function in go the PCRs. Changes in the method of collecting patient material have the potential to improve these results
Subject(s)
Tinea/diagnosis , Molecular Diagnostic Techniques/statistics & numerical data , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methodsABSTRACT
This review tackles the issues related to disease burden caused by cervical cancer (CC) and its precursor (CIN) lesions in Brazil. A special focus is given to new technologies with potential to interfere with the development of CC by reducing the high-risk human papillomavirus (hr-HPV)-induced lesions that remain a major public health burden in all developing countries where organized screening programs do not exist. Globally, 85% of all incident CC and 50% of CC deaths occur in the developing countries. Unfortunately, most regions of Brazil still demonstrate high mortality rates, ranking CC as the second most common cancer among Brazilian women. Recently, CC screening programs have been tailored in the country to enable early detection of CC precursor lesions and thereby reduce cancer mortality. A combination of HPV testing with liquid-based cytology (LBC) seems to be a promising new approach in CC screening, with high expectation to offer an adequate control of CC burden in this country.
Subject(s)
Early Detection of Cancer/methods , Papillomaviridae/isolation & purification , Papillomavirus Infections/complications , Papillomavirus Infections/epidemiology , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Cytological Techniques/methods , Cytological Techniques/statistics & numerical data , Early Detection of Cancer/statistics & numerical data , Female , Humans , Molecular Diagnostic Techniques/methods , Molecular Diagnostic Techniques/statistics & numerical data , Papillomavirus Infections/diagnosis , Papillomavirus Infections/virology , Prevalence , Survival Analysis , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/diagnosis , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/mortality , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/prevention & controlABSTRACT
The present study was performed to establish the prevalence of the recurrent fusion transcripts in Argentinean pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). A total of 380 newly diagnosed children (including 50 infants and 44 T-ALL) were screened by RT-PCR; the incidence of recurrent rearrangements was: ETV6-RUNX1, 12.9%; TCF3-PBX1, 5.0%; BCR-ABL1, 1.6%; and MLL rearrangements, 10.5%. STIL-TAL1 was detected in 22.7% of T-ALL cases. In B-ALL cases, the pEFS was significantly influenced by the presence of genetic alterations. RT-PCR studies improved patients' stratification and also the overall outcome of children treated in a pediatric hospital from a developing country.
Subject(s)
Molecular Diagnostic Techniques/methods , Mutation , Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/diagnosis , Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/genetics , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Adolescent , Argentina/epidemiology , Child , Child, Preschool , Cytogenetic Analysis , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Molecular Diagnostic Techniques/statistics & numerical data , Mutation/physiology , Mutation Rate , Pediatrics/methods , Pediatrics/statistics & numerical data , Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/epidemiology , Recurrence , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
El retardo mental afecta al 1-3 por ciento de la población. Su etiología es heterogénea, se deben a factores genéticos. El objetivo del artículo es informar sobre etiologías del retardo mental; actualizar sobre las nuevas tecnologías de diagnóstico molecular y entender sus limitaciones para un uso adecuado y racional. Finalmente, se sugiere un algoritmo orientado desde la genética para el estudio del retardo mental; se informa sobre las técnicas disponibles en el país y las que se realizan en países desarrollados. Determinar la etiología permitirá el manejo adecuado del niño y efectuar un correcto asesoramiento familiar.(AU)