ABSTRACT
This study aimed to investigate the energetic and hormonal profiles of dairy goats fed diets supplemented with monensin during the peripartum period. Eleven pregnant Saanen goats were subdivided into two random groups, a control group (GC) and the monensin group (MG). The MG group received 40 mg sodium monensin per animal per day for 15 days before partum and throughout the subsequent experimental period. Clinical observations and sample collection were performed at 30, 15, and 7 days before birth; on the day of partum; and at 5, 15, and 30 days after birth. The following biochemical and hormonal profile variables analyzed were: cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, fructosamine, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), cortisol, and insulin. The ruminal fluid pH, chloride content, and volatile fatty acids were also measured. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using repeated measures ANOVA (p < 0.05) and Pearson's correlation. At partum, the MG group had lower values of NEFAs and lower acetate/propionate ratio. MG had higher triglycerides during the entire experiment period. The administration of monensin generated benefits in terms of energy parameters, improving the metabolic status of the dairy goats during peripartum.(AU)
Objetivou-se estudar o perfil energético e hormonal em cabras leiteiras suplementadas com monensina sódica durante o periparto. Utilizou-se onze cabras Saanen gestantes subdivididas em dois grupos de forma aleatória; um grupo controle (GC) e o grupo monensina (GM); o GM recebeu na dieta 40 mg por animal/dia de monensina sódica. As coletas das amostras foram efetuadas nos períodos de -30, -15, e -7 dias do parto, no dia do parto, +5, +15 e +30 dias do parto. As variáveis bioquímicas e hormonais analisadas foram: colesterol, triglicerídeos, glicose, frutosamina, ácidos graxos não esterificados (AGNE) e β-hidroxibutirato (BHB), cortisol e insulina. Também foram mensurados no fluido ruminal o pH, o teor de cloretos e os ácidos graxos voláteis. A análise estatística dos dados foi realizada pelo método da ANOVA (p < 0,05) e foi realizado estudo de correlação de Pearson. No momento do parto, o GM apresentou em relação ao GC índices mais baixos de AGNEs e menor relação acético/propiônico (p < 0,05). Em relação aos triglicerídeos, o GM apresentou valores superiores ao GC (p < 0,008) ao longo do experimento. A administração de monensina gerou benefícios nos parâmetros energéticos, melhorando o status metabólico de cabras leiteiras no periparto.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Goats/metabolism , Ionophores , Fatty Acids, Volatile , Monensin/therapeutic use , Lactation/metabolism , Peripartum Period , Acidosis/veterinary , Acidosis/prevention & controlABSTRACT
This study aimed to investigate the energetic and hormonal profiles of dairy goats fed diets supplemented with monensin during the peripartum period. Eleven pregnant Saanen goats were subdivided into two random groups, a control group (GC) and the monensin group (MG). The MG group received 40 mg sodium monensin per animal per day for 15 days before partum and throughout the subsequent experimental period. Clinical observations and sample collection were performed at 30, 15, and 7 days before birth; on the day of partum; and at 5, 15, and 30 days after birth. The following biochemical and hormonal profile variables analyzed were: cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, fructosamine, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), cortisol, and insulin. The ruminal fluid pH, chloride content, and volatile fatty acids were also measured. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using repeated measures ANOVA (p < 0.05) and Pearson's correlation. At partum, the MG group had lower values of NEFAs and lower acetate/propionate ratio. MG had higher triglycerides during the entire experiment period. The administration of monensin generated benefits in terms of energy parameters, improving the metabolic status of the dairy goats during peripartum.
Objetivou-se estudar o perfil energético e hormonal em cabras leiteiras suplementadas com monensina sódica durante o periparto. Utilizou-se onze cabras Saanen gestantes subdivididas em dois grupos de forma aleatória; um grupo controle (GC) e o grupo monensina (GM); o GM recebeu na dieta 40 mg por animal/dia de monensina sódica. As coletas das amostras foram efetuadas nos períodos de -30, -15, e -7 dias do parto, no dia do parto, +5, +15 e +30 dias do parto. As variáveis bioquímicas e hormonais analisadas foram: colesterol, triglicerídeos, glicose, frutosamina, ácidos graxos não esterificados (AGNE) e β-hidroxibutirato (BHB), cortisol e insulina. Também foram mensurados no fluido ruminal o pH, o teor de cloretos e os ácidos graxos voláteis. A análise estatística dos dados foi realizada pelo método da ANOVA (p < 0,05) e foi realizado estudo de correlação de Pearson. No momento do parto, o GM apresentou em relação ao GC índices mais baixos de AGNEs e menor relação acético/propiônico (p < 0,05). Em relação aos triglicerídeos, o GM apresentou valores superiores ao GC (p < 0,008) ao longo do experimento. A administração de monensina gerou benefícios nos parâmetros energéticos, melhorando o status metabólico de cabras leiteiras no periparto.
Subject(s)
Female , Animals , Goats/metabolism , Ionophores , Monensin/therapeutic use , Fatty Acids, Volatile , Acidosis/prevention & control , Acidosis/veterinary , Lactation/metabolism , Peripartum PeriodABSTRACT
Background: Some additives are able to improve animal performance in growing and finishing periods. Monensin was firstused to control coccidiosis in poultry and was extended to other animals, like ruminants, to act also as a growth promoterand improve cattle performance. In this species, monensin improves the synthesis of propionic acid in the rumen anddecreases methane synthesis and protein degradation, resulting in better performance in protein and energy metabolism.The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of monensin controlled-release capsules on animals grazing Loliummultiflorum intercropped with Trifolium repens on metabolic profile and performance.Materials, Methods & Results: Thirty Hereford cows were randomly distributed into two groups: control (CG) and monensingroup (MG). Monensin was individually administered by controlled-release capsules placed in the rumen through oroesophageal pathway. All animals were identified through earring and kept under the same management condition, grazingon upland pasture mixture of Trifolium repens and Lolium multiflorum. Data from biochemical profile and performancewere collected during 45 days. Blood samples started on the day of monensin controlled-release capsule placement (day0) and continued in periods of 15, 30 and 45 days, after initial placement. Serum levels of albumin, glucose, urea, lactatedehydrogenase (LDH) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were evaluated using colorimetric diagnostic kits. In the rumen fluid, pH was measured and protozoa count was performed. All statistical analyses were made using software SAS.Albumin, AST, glucose, LDH and urea were analyzed through MIXED procedure and Tukey-Kramer test was applied forcomparison of means. For average daily gain, the orthogonal polynomials test was applied. Treatments did not differ inBSC, body weight and average daily gain (ADG). None of these performance parameters were significantly affected...
Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Weight Gain , Monensin/administration & dosage , Monensin/metabolism , Monensin/therapeutic use , Propionates , Biomarkers , IonophoresABSTRACT
Background: Some additives are able to improve animal performance in growing and finishing periods. Monensin was firstused to control coccidiosis in poultry and was extended to other animals, like ruminants, to act also as a growth promoterand improve cattle performance. In this species, monensin improves the synthesis of propionic acid in the rumen anddecreases methane synthesis and protein degradation, resulting in better performance in protein and energy metabolism.The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of monensin controlled-release capsules on animals grazing Loliummultiflorum intercropped with Trifolium repens on metabolic profile and performance.Materials, Methods & Results: Thirty Hereford cows were randomly distributed into two groups: control (CG) and monensingroup (MG). Monensin was individually administered by controlled-release capsules placed in the rumen through oroesophageal pathway. All animals were identified through earring and kept under the same management condition, grazingon upland pasture mixture of Trifolium repens and Lolium multiflorum. Data from biochemical profile and performancewere collected during 45 days. Blood samples started on the day of monensin controlled-release capsule placement (day0) and continued in periods of 15, 30 and 45 days, after initial placement. Serum levels of albumin, glucose, urea, lactatedehydrogenase (LDH) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were evaluated using colorimetric diagnostic kits. In the rumen fluid, pH was measured and protozoa count was performed. All statistical analyses were made using software SAS.Albumin, AST, glucose, LDH and urea were analyzed through MIXED procedure and Tukey-Kramer test was applied forcomparison of means. For average daily gain, the orthogonal polynomials test was applied. Treatments did not differ inBSC, body weight and average daily gain (ADG). None of these performance parameters were significantly affected...(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Monensin/administration & dosage , Monensin/metabolism , Monensin/therapeutic use , Propionates , Weight Gain , Ionophores , BiomarkersABSTRACT
The aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of monensin sodium grain size on controlling coccidiosis in broiler chickens. Three hundred and fifty Cobb 700 chicks were infected experimentally with 8 × 10(4) sporulated oocysts of Eimeria spp. The birds were fed with diets supplemented with powdered (n = 150) or granulated (n = 150) monensin, with particle sizes of ≤ 100 µm and 450-650 µm, respectively. The remaining chicks (n = 50) were used as an unmedicated control group. The birds' weights and number of oocysts per gram of litter in each group were recorded weekly. A total of 96 birds were randomly selected and culled during the trial. Their intestinal oocyst counts and lesion scores were determined. No significant differences in body weights were found between the groups at the end of the study. The percentages of infected animals, oocyst counts and lesion scores were significantly higher in the control group than in the other two groups; the two treated groups did not show any appreciable differences to each other. Enteritis was observed in 14 birds, all in the group supplemented with granulated monensin. These results suggest that powdered and granulated monensin have comparable efficacy in controlling coccidiosis in broiler chickens. However, treatments with monensin sodium of high grain size may be subject to contraindications relating to enteritis.
Subject(s)
Antiprotozoal Agents/therapeutic use , Chickens , Coccidiosis/veterinary , Monensin/therapeutic use , Poultry Diseases/drug therapy , Animals , Coccidiosis/drug therapy , PowdersABSTRACT
The aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of monensin sodium grain size on controlling coccidiosis in broiler chickens. Three hundred and fifty Cobb 700 chicks were infected experimentally with 8 × 10(4) sporulated oocysts of Eimeria spp. The birds were fed with diets supplemented with powdered (n = 150) or granulated (n = 150) monensin, with particle sizes of ≤100 µm and 450-650 µm, respectively. The remaining chicks (n = 50) were used as an unmedicated control group. The birds weights and number of oocysts per gram of litter in each group were recorded weekly. A total of 96 birds were randomly selected and culled during the trial. Their intestinal oocyst counts and lesion scores were determined. No significant differences in body weights were found between the groups at the end of the study. The percentages of infected animals, oocyst counts and lesion scores were significantly higher in the control group than in the other two groups; the two treated groups did not show any appreciable differences to each other. Enteritis was observed in 14 birds, all in the group supplemented with granulated monensin. These results suggest that powdered and granulated monensin have comparable efficacy in controlling coccidiosis in broiler chickens. However, treatments with monensin sodium of high grain size may be subject to contraindications relating to enteritis.(AU)
O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar a eficácia da monensina sódica com diferentes granulometrias no controle da coccidiose em frangos de corte. Trezentos e cinquenta pintos Cobb 700 foram infectados experimentalmente, utilizando-se 8 × 10(4) oocistos esporulados de Eimeria spp. As aves foram alimentadas com dietas suplementadas com monensina em pó (n = 150) ou granulada (n = 150), com partículas de dimensão ≤100 µm e de 450-650 µm respetivamente. As aves restantes (n = 50) foram utilizadas como grupo controle não sujeito a tratamento. O peso das aves e o número de oocistos por grama de material de cama de cada grupo foram avaliados semanalmente. Um total de 96 aves foi selecionado aleatoriamente e submetidos à eutanásia durante o período experimental. Nestas aves foram analisados o número de oocistos intestinais e o respectivo escore das lesões. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas relativas ao peso dos animais dos diferentes grupos no final do período experimental. A proporção de animais infectados, a quantidade de oocistos e o escore das lesões foram significativamente superiores no grupo de controle, quando comparado com os dois grupos tratados, não encontrando diferenças significativas entre estes últimos. Foi observada enterite em 14 aves, pertencentes ao grupo suplementado com monensina granulada. Estes resultados indicam que a eficácia da monensina em pó e granulada é semelhante no controle de coccidiose em frangos de corte. No entanto, o tratamento com monensina sódica de elevada granulometria pode ser objeto de contraindicações associadas à enterite.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Antiprotozoal Agents/therapeutic use , Chickens , Coccidiosis/veterinary , Monensin/therapeutic use , Poultry Diseases/drug therapy , Coccidiosis/drug therapy , PowdersABSTRACT
The aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of monensin sodium grain size on controlling coccidiosis in broiler chickens. Three hundred and fifty Cobb 700 chicks were infected experimentally with 8 × 10(4) sporulated oocysts of Eimeria spp. The birds were fed with diets supplemented with powdered (n = 150) or granulated (n = 150) monensin, with particle sizes of ≤100 µm and 450-650 µm, respectively. The remaining chicks (n = 50) were used as an unmedicated control group. The birds weights and number of oocysts per gram of litter in each group were recorded weekly. A total of 96 birds were randomly selected and culled during the trial. Their intestinal oocyst counts and lesion scores were determined. No significant differences in body weights were found between the groups at the end of the study. The percentages of infected animals, oocyst counts and lesion scores were significantly higher in the control group than in the other two groups; the two treated groups did not show any appreciable differences to each other. Enteritis was observed in 14 birds, all in the group supplemented with granulated monensin. These results suggest that powdered and granulated monensin have comparable efficacy in controlling coccidiosis in broiler chickens. However, treatments with monensin sodium of high grain size may be subject to contraindications relating to enteritis.
O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar a eficácia da monensina sódica com diferentes granulometrias no controle da coccidiose em frangos de corte. Trezentos e cinquenta pintos Cobb 700 foram infectados experimentalmente, utilizando-se 8 × 10(4) oocistos esporulados de Eimeria spp. As aves foram alimentadas com dietas suplementadas com monensina em pó (n = 150) ou granulada (n = 150), com partículas de dimensão ≤100 µm e de 450-650 µm respetivamente. As aves restantes (n = 50) foram utilizadas como grupo controle não sujeito a tratamento. O peso das aves e o número de oocistos por grama de material de cama de cada grupo foram avaliados semanalmente. Um total de 96 aves foi selecionado aleatoriamente e submetidos à eutanásia durante o período experimental. Nestas aves foram analisados o número de oocistos intestinais e o respectivo escore das lesões. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas relativas ao peso dos animais dos diferentes grupos no final do período experimental. A proporção de animais infectados, a quantidade de oocistos e o escore das lesões foram significativamente superiores no grupo de controle, quando comparado com os dois grupos tratados, não encontrando diferenças significativas entre estes últimos. Foi observada enterite em 14 aves, pertencentes ao grupo suplementado com monensina granulada. Estes resultados indicam que a eficácia da monensina em pó e granulada é semelhante no controle de coccidiose em frangos de corte. No entanto, o tratamento com monensina sódica de elevada granulometria pode ser objeto de contraindicações associadas à enterite.
Subject(s)
Animals , Antiprotozoal Agents/therapeutic use , Chickens , Coccidiosis/veterinary , Monensin/therapeutic use , Poultry Diseases/drug therapy , Coccidiosis/drug therapy , PowdersABSTRACT
Clay feed additives have been increasingly incorporated into animal diets to prevent aflatoxicosis. Due to the nonselective nature of the binding interaction, many important components of the diets could also be made unavailable because of these feed additives. The anticoccidial monensin (MON) could also be sequestered by these clays. The use of sodium bentonite (Na-B) from a mine in the province of Mendoza, Argentina, was investigated as a sequestering agent to prevent the effects of 100 µg/kg of dietary aflatoxin B(1) (AFB(1)). In vitro studies demonstrated that the above Na-B was a good candidate to prevent aflatoxicosis. They also showed that MON competes with AFB(1) for the adsorption sites on the clay surface and effectively displaces the toxin when it is in low concentration. Even though the levels of MON in diets, approximately 55 mg/kg, are high enough to not be significantly changed as a consequence of the adsorption, they can further affect the ability of the clays to bind low levels of AFB(1). An in vivo experiment carried out with poultry showed that 100 µg/kg of AFB(1) does not significantly change productive or biochemical parameters. However, liver histopathology not only confirmed the ability of this particular Na-B to prevent aflatoxicosis but also the decrease of this capacity in the presence of 55 mg/kg of MON. This is the first report stressing this fact and further research should be performed to check if this behavior is a characteristic of the assayed Na-B or of this type of clay. On the other hand, the presence of MON should also be taken into account when assaying the potential AFB(1) binding ability of a given bentonite.
Subject(s)
Aflatoxins/toxicity , Bentonite/therapeutic use , Chickens , Monensin/therapeutic use , Poultry Diseases/chemically induced , Adsorption , Animal Feed/analysis , Animals , Antidotes/therapeutic use , Bentonite/pharmacology , Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/drug therapy , Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/veterinary , Chronic Disease , Diet/veterinary , Drug Interactions , Ionophores/therapeutic use , Liver/pathology , Male , Monensin/pharmacology , Poultry Diseases/drug therapyABSTRACT
The effectiveness of Triancinolone as a protector against coccidiosis in broilers was tested in a random design experiment. Cobb x Cobb one-day old chicken were assigned to the treatments: T1: no medication-no inoculation; T2: no medication-inoculation; T3: Triancinolone-inoculation; T4: Sodic Monensin-inoculation; and T5: Sodic Salinomycin-inoculation. The inoculation was accomplished with 10,000 oocysts of Eimeria tenella and 40,000 of intestinal Eimerias. The results of the intestinal damage degree showed that T3 (60.6%) and T4 (63.6%) were better to control coccidias in relation to T5 (96.9%) and T2 (100%). The oocysts number in feces (number/g) showed the best effectiveness for T3 (4,300) comparing with T4 (126,900), T5 (98,100), and T2 (382,000). These results emphasize the effective action mechanism of Triancinolone to interfere with the biological cycle of coccidias. The feed conversion was better (P < 0.05) in the groups that received the drugs (T3, T4, and T5) comparing with T2. This fact showed the adverse effect that coccidiosis cause on the broiler performance behavior. Triancinolone showed the best action effectiveness on the control of coccidiosis.
Subject(s)
Chickens , Coccidiosis/veterinary , Coccidiostats/therapeutic use , Monensin/therapeutic use , Pyrans/therapeutic use , Triamcinolone/therapeutic use , Animals , Coccidiosis/drug therapy , Eimeria/drug effects , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Weight GainABSTRACT
La eficacia de Triancinolona en el control de coccidiosis en pollos de engorde fue evaluada en un experimento completamente aleatorizado utilizando pollos sexados Cobb x Cobb de un día de edad. Fueron asignados los tratamientos T1: no medicado - no inoculado; T2: no mediacado - inoculado; T3: Triancinolona - inoculado; T4: Monensina sódica - inoculado y T5: Salinomicina sódica - inoculado. Las aves fueron inoculadas con 10.000 ooquistes de Eimeria tenella y 40.000 de Eimerias intestinales. Los resultados del grado de lesiones mostraron que T3 (60,6 por ciento) y T4 (63,6 por ciento)ejercieron mayor control de la coccidiosis al comparados con T5 (96,9 por ciento) y T2 (100 por ciento). El contaje de ooquistes/g de heces mostró mayor eficacia para T3 (4.300) al comparada con T4 (126.900); T5 (98.100) y T2 (382.000); permitiendo destacar su efectivo mecanismo de acción para interferir el ciclo biológico de las coccidias. La conversión de alimento fue mejorada (P<0,05) en los grupos medicados (T3, T4 y T5) en ralación a T2 destacando el efecto adverso que sobre la respuesta productiva es ocasionado por las coccidias. Triancinolona tuvo mayor eficacia de acción en el control de esta parasitosis.