ABSTRACT
Los países de las Américas, con apoyo de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS), han logrado avances notables al proporcionar a los niños y las niñas una protección general contra las enfermedades prevenibles mediante vacunación. Los niveles sostenidos de elevadas coberturas nacionales de vacunación, la erradicación de la poliomielitis, la interrupción de la transmisión endémica del virus del sarampión y las iniciativas más recientes en favor de la eliminación de la rubéola y el síndrome de rubéola congénita son hitos continentales de este progreso. En la actualidad, los países administran vacunas a grupos etarios distintos de los incluidos en los programas tradicionales de inmunización infantil. La introducción de la vacuna estacional contra la gripe en los adultos en riesgo; la vacunación de adolescentes y adultos, hombres y mujeres, para la eliminación de la rubéola, y la definición de la carga de enfermedad del cáncer cervicouterino son las actividades que apoyan la necesidad fundamental de efectuar una transición de los programas nacionales de inmunización infantil a programas de inmunización de la familia. Una de las funciones de la OPS en su apoyo a los países es difundir información que destaque el progreso de la Región y los desafíos que enfrenta. Con ese fin, publica varios documentos técnicos relacionados con la inmunización, tales como los boletines de inmunización, los módulos de capacitación en inmunización y la serie de guías prácticas sobre rubéola, sarampión, tétanos neonatal, poliomielitis, vacuna pentavalente y fiebre amarilla.
Subject(s)
Immunization , Vaccination , COVID-19 , COVID-19 Vaccines , Measles , Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine , Rubella virus , Rubella Vaccine , Diphtheria , Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine , Yellow Fever , Rotavirus , Rotavirus Vaccines , Poliovirus , Whooping Cough , Mumps , Meningitis , Pertussis Vaccine , Mumps Vaccine , Parotitis , Yellow Fever Vaccine , Vaccines , Immunization Programs , Americas , Vaccine-Preventable Diseases , Health Status Indicators , Caribbean RegionABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To assess pediatricians' mumps knowledge and testing practices, to identify physician and practice characteristics associated with mumps testing practices, and to assess reporting and outbreak response knowledge and practices. STUDY DESIGN: Between January and April 2020, we surveyed a nationally representative network of pediatricians. Descriptive statistics were generated for all items. The χ2 test, t tests, and Poisson regression were used to compare physician and practice characteristics between respondents who would rarely or never versus sometimes or often/always test for mumps in a vaccinated 17-year-old with parotitis in a non-outbreak setting. RESULTS: The response rate was 67% (297 of 444). For knowledge, more than one-half of the pediatricians responded incorrectly or "don't know" for 6 of the 9 true/false statements about mumps epidemiology, diagnosis, and prevention, and more than one-half reported needing additional guidance on mumps buccal swab testing. For testing practices, 59% of respondents reported they would sometimes (35%) or often/always (24%) test for mumps in a vaccinated 17-year-old with parotitis in a non-outbreak setting; older physicians, rural physicians, and physicians from the Northeast or Midwest were more likely to test for mumps. Thirty-six percent of the pediatricians reported they would often/always report a patient with suspected mumps to public health authorities. CONCLUSIONS: Pediatricians report mumps knowledge gaps and practices that do not align with public health recommendations. These gaps may lead to underdiagnosis and underreporting of mumps cases, delaying public health response measures and contributing to ongoing disease transmission.
Subject(s)
Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Mumps/diagnosis , Practice Patterns, Physicians'/statistics & numerical data , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Mumps Vaccine/administration & dosage , Mumps Vaccine/immunology , Pediatrics/standards , Surveys and Questionnaires , United StatesABSTRACT
La parotiditis es un infección viral producida por el virus parotídeo. Clínicamente se caracteriza por aumento de volumen de la glándula parótida generalmente bilateral. La estrategia que ha mostrado ser más eficaz para la prevención de esta infección ha sido la implementación de la vacuna tres vírica en los programas de inmunización. En países con población altamente inmunizada como Chile, se logró una importante disminución de la incidencia de esta enfermedad. Sin embargo, a pesar de la efectividad de la vacuna se siguen reportando brotes en todo el mundo, evidenciándose un cambio epidemiológico, trasladándose la edad de presentación clínica desde la niñez y adolescencia hacia los adultos jóvenes. Este aumento en el número de casos ha sido estudiado, determinando que el efecto protector inmunitario de la vacuna decaería con el transcurso del tiempo, contribuyendo a la propagación de los brotes. Con respecto a posibles estrategias para el manejo de los brotes la aplicación de una dosis adicional de la vacunas tres vírica en población expuesta sería una medida que mejoraría el control de los brotes.
Mumps is a viral infection caused by mumps virus. Clinically, it is characterized by increased parotid volume. The most effective strategy for preventing this infection, has been the implementation of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine in the national immunization program. Among countries with a highly immunized population, like Chile, there has been an important reduction in the incidence of this disease. Nevertheless, despite the effectivity of the MMR, there are reports of outbreaks worldwide, with an epidemiological change, from clinical presentation in childhood, to adolescents and adults. This outbreaks have been studied, and it has been determined that they are due to the waning of vaccine-derived immunity. Regarding strategies for the management of new outbreaks, the administration of an additional dose of MMR, would be an alternative.
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Parotitis/epidemiology , Mumps Vaccine/therapeutic use , Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control , Immunization Programs , Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine/administration & dosage , Mumps virusABSTRACT
Resumen En Chile, la cepa del virus parotídeo utilizada en la vacuna es Leningrad-Zagreb (L-Z). Aunque la relación entre meningitis y la cepa L-Z sigue siendo controvertida, la mayoría de los casos reportados han presentado un cuadro de curso benigno y sin secuelas neurológicas. Presentamos el caso de una paciente que tres semanas post-inmunización con la vacuna tresvírica evolucionó con una meningitis aséptica de predominio mononuclear, con serología para IgM positiva contra el virus parotídeo. En este caso clínico, existió una relación temporal entre la vacunación, el inicio del cuadro parotídeo y posteriormente el meníngeo; la curva de inmunoglobulinas demostró una infección aguda posterior a la vacuna. Si bien no se logró aislar el virus en LCR, es razonable atribuir el cuadro a una infección post-vacunal.
In Chile, the strain of the mumps virus used in the vaccine is Leningrad-Zagreb (L-Z). Although the relationship between meningitis and the L-Z strain remains controversial, most of the reported cases have shown a benign course without permanent neurological sequelae. We present a case of a patient who presented an aseptic meningitis three weeks after immunization with a mumps vaccine; and laboratory confirmation showed positive serum mumps IgM antibody. In this clinical case, there was a temporal relationship between vaccination and the onset of the mumps and subsequently the meningeal involvement; the immunoglobulin curve demonstrates acute infection after vaccination. Although it was not possible to isolate the virus in CSF, it is reasonable to attribute the picture to a post-vaccinal infection.
Subject(s)
Humans , Meningitis , Mumps , Mumps Vaccine/adverse effects , Chile , Mumps virusABSTRACT
In Chile, the strain of the mumps virus used in the vaccine is Leningrad-Zagreb (L-Z). Although the relationship between meningitis and the L-Z strain remains controversial, most of the reported cases have shown a benign course without permanent neurological sequelae. We present a case of a patient who presented an aseptic meningitis three weeks after immunization with a mumps vaccine; and laboratory confirmation showed positive serum mumps IgM antibody. In this clinical case, there was a temporal relationship between vaccination and the onset of the mumps and subsequently the meningeal involvement; the immunoglobulin curve demonstrates acute infection after vaccination. Although it was not possible to isolate the virus in CSF, it is reasonable to attribute the picture to a post-vaccinal infection.
Subject(s)
Meningitis , Mumps , Chile , Humans , Mumps Vaccine/adverse effects , Mumps virusABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Proper immunization and knowledge in infection prevention are key factors in protecting medical students. AIM OF THE STUDY: To describe the status on vaccination recommended for healthcare workers (HCW) and infection prevention knowledge. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study on medical students at clinical years of medical school from a public University in Mexico. RESULTS: A total of 1,824 medical students responded the survey. One thousand ninety (59.8%) were women. Median age was 22 years. One thousand six hundred twenty-two (88.9%) knew their childhood immunization status. One thousand seventy-one (58.7%) were vaccinated against influenza for the 2016-2017 season; 1667 (91.4%) had been vaccinated at least once against hepatitis B, only 315 (18.9%) of vaccinated had received a full course with 3 doses. Most students were vaccinated against measles, mumps and rubella during childhood, 542 (29.7%) received an additional dosage during or after adolescence. Six hundred ninety-seven (38.2%) were concerned about vaccine's safety. A total of 1,431 (78.5%) properly identified situations were standard precautions are recommended, and 1540 (84.4%) had received some training on safe care delivery and personal protective equipment. Regarding needle-stick injuries, 1165 (63.9%) had been informed on the protocols to follow if an injury occurred. Three hundred forty-nine (19.1%) had suffered needle-stick injuries, only 125 (35.8%) received immediate medical attention at the point of care. CONCLUSIONS: Most medical students were not vaccinated as recommended, and they were not adequately instructed on safe practices for medical attention, nor advised or followed when a health-care related accident occurs. The results may be useful for implementation strategies on vaccination compliance and training on infection prevention.
Subject(s)
Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Health Personnel/statistics & numerical data , Needlestick Injuries/therapy , Schools, Medical/statistics & numerical data , Students, Medical/statistics & numerical data , Vaccination/statistics & numerical data , Adult , Child , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Hepatitis B/prevention & control , Humans , Male , Measles Vaccine/therapeutic use , Mexico , Mumps Vaccine/therapeutic use , Primary Prevention/methods , Rubella Vaccine/therapeutic use , Surveys and Questionnaires , Young AdultABSTRACT
Antecedentes. La parotiditis epidémica es una infección viral aguda que produce la inlamación de una o más glándulas salivales, fundamentalmente, la parótida. Es considerada una enfermedad altamente infecto-contagiosa, pero que habitualmente es benigna. con brotes epidémicos que ocurren cada 2, 3 a 7 años en poblaciones no vacunadas. En países sin programas nacionales de vacunación, la incidencia general calculada es de 100 a 1,000 casos por cada 100,000 habitantes. Objetivo. Realizar una búsqueda exhaustiva mediante una revisión sistemática y actualizada de la Parotiditis, para obtener información reciente y estandarizada en el manejo de casos posibles, sospechosos y conirmados. Métodos. Se realizó una búsqueda de artículos originales, revisiones sistemáticas, y artículos de revisión bibliográica en bases de datos indexadas PUBMED, HINARI, SCOPUS, SCIELO, LILACS desde 2012 a 2018. Desarrollo y conclusión. Las parotiditis siguen siendo una enfermedad común en muchas áreas del mundo, su propagación depende de diversos factores asociados, pero controlables. Pese a que existe un programa nacional de inmunizaciones, la vacunación sigue siendo nuestra mejor defensa para la prevención y erradicación de esta patología reemergente. Es importante tener un conocimiento adecuado de esta enfermedad viral, para realizar un abordaje clínico certero, realizando un buen diagnóstico diferencial y brindando un tratamiento adecuado, para evitar las complicaciones, que, aunque sean poco frecuentes, tienen una alta probabilidad de mortalidad...(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Parotitis/diagnosis , Mumps Vaccine/therapeutic use , Mumps virus , Immunization Programs/standards , Systematic ReviewABSTRACT
Mumps virus usually produces a benign infection characterized by increased parotid volume which, prior to vaccination, mainly affected children and adolescents. After the introduction of measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine, mumps incidence decreased dramatically. This intervention also produced a change in its clinical presentation, moving to young adult patients, with an increased risk of complications. We report two clinical mumps cases in young adults with different clinical presentations. In both cases, serologic assays were assessed and, in one case, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed in order to confirm the diagnosis. The isolated virus was characterized and identifed as G genotype, the same genotype observed during outbreaks in United States and Europe, and different to the vaccinal strain. Mumps virus is currently circulating in Chile and it is important to be aware of possible outbreaks. Viral diagnosis can be difficult, particularly in populations with high vaccination coverage. Therefore, the access to etiologic study through PCR and serology becomes more relevant in order to optimize clinical management and secondary prevention measures.
Subject(s)
Mumps virus/genetics , Parotitis/diagnosis , Parotitis/genetics , Adult , Chile , Female , Genotype , Humans , Male , Mumps Vaccine/administration & dosage , Mumps virus/isolation & purification , Parotitis/drug therapy , Parotitis/microbiology , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Risk Factors , VaccinationABSTRACT
Resumen El virus de la parotiditis produce una infección benigna caracterizada por un aumento de volumen parotídeo que, antes de la introducción de la vacuna tres vírica, afectaba principalmente a niños y adolescentes. Luego de que esta vacuna se implementara en el Programa Nacional de Inmunizaciones, se produjo una notable disminución en su incidencia. Además, ocasionó un cambio en la edad y presentación clínica, siendo más frecuente en adultos jóvenes con mayor riesgo de complicaciones. Presentamos dos casos clínicos de parotiditis en adultos jóvenes confirmados por serología y en uno de ellos, por biología molecular. Se caracterizó el virus como del genotipo G, como el descrito en los brotes en E.U.A y Europa, diferente al virus contenido en la vacuna. El virus parotídeo sigue circulando en nuestro país y debemos mantenernos alerta ante eventuales brotes. Se hace relevante optimizar el diagnóstico etiológico por serología o técnicas de biología molecular con fines clínicos y epidemiológicos.
Mumps virus usually produces a benign infection characterized by increased parotid volume which, prior to vaccination, mainly affected children and adolescents. After the introduction of measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine, mumps incidence decreased dramatically. This intervention also produced a change in its clinical presentation, moving to young adult patients, with an increased risk of complications. We report two clinical mumps cases in young adults with different clinical presentations. In both cases, serologic assays were assessed and, in one case, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed in order to confirm the diagnosis. The isolated virus was characterized and identifed as G genotype, the same genotype observed during outbreaks in United States and Europe, and different to the vaccinal strain. Mumps virus is currently circulating in Chile and it is important to be aware of possible outbreaks. Viral diagnosis can be difficult, particularly in populations with high vaccination coverage. Therefore, the access to etiologic study through PCR and serology becomes more relevant in order to optimize clinical management and secondary prevention measures.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Parotitis/diagnosis , Parotitis/genetics , Mumps virus/genetics , Parotitis/microbiology , Parotitis/drug therapy , Mumps Vaccine/administration & dosage , Chile , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Risk Factors , Vaccination , Genotype , Mumps virus/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
Infections caused by mumps virus (MuV) have been successfully prevented through vaccination; however, in recent years, an increasing number of mumps outbreaks have been reported within vaccinated populations. In this study, MuV was genotyped for the first time in Mexico. Saliva samples were obtained from two previously vaccinated patients in Mexico City who had developed parotitis. Viral isolation was carried out in Vero cells, and the SH and HN genes were amplified by RT-PCR. Amplicons were sequenced and compared to a set of reference sequences to identify the MuV genotype.
Subject(s)
Mumps virus/genetics , Mumps/virology , Animals , Child , Chlorocebus aethiops , Disease Outbreaks , Female , Genotype , Humans , Male , Mexico/epidemiology , Molecular Epidemiology , Mumps/epidemiology , Mumps/prevention & control , Mumps Vaccine/pharmacology , Mumps virus/classification , Mumps virus/isolation & purification , Phylogeny , Vero Cells , Young AdultABSTRACT
Objetivo: descrever os resultados do monitoramento rápido de coberturas (MRC) pós-campanha de vacinação com tríplice viral (SRC) (2008 e 2011) e multivacinação com vacinas do calendário da criança (2012). Métodos: estudo descritivo, com dados do Programa Nacional de Imunizações sobre coberturas vacinais (CV) administrativas, MRC e motivos para não vacinação (2011-2012). Resultados: a CV da SRC superou 95 por cento nas campanhas; pelo MRC, a CV com uma dose da SRC foi 92 por cento, em 2008, e 96 por cento, em 2011; em 2011, pelo MRC, foram administradas 41,7 mil doses da SRC, elevando a CV para 99,5 por cento; em 2012, a CV pelo MRC variou entre 97 por cento para poliomielite e hepatite B e 82 por cento para reforço 2 da vacina difteriatétano-coqueluche (DTP); falta de tempo representou o principal motivo para não vacinação (43,6 por cento em 2011 e 32,7 por cento em 2012). Conclusão: o MRC é ferramenta útil para avaliar CV e resgatar não vacinados, fornecendo subsídios para intervenções.
Objective: describe rapid monitoring of vaccination coverage (RMC) following Measles Mumps Rubella (MMR) (2008-2011) and Multivaccination (2012) vaccination campaigns. Methods: descriptive study using National Immunization Program administrative data on vaccine coverage as well as RMC data, in addition to data on the grounds for non-vaccination (2011-2012). Result: MMR vaccine coverage exceeded 95 per cent in the campaigns. RMC data on a single dose of MMR found 92 per cent post-campaign coverage in 2008 and 96 per cent in 2011. In 2011, 41,700 MMR doses were administered post-campaign, raising vaccination coverage to 99.5 per cent in that year. In 2012 post-campaign coverage ranged between 97 per cent (polio and hepatitis B) and 82 per cent (second diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis booster). "Lack of time" was the main motive for non-vaccination (43.6 per cent in 2011 and 32.7 per cent in 2012). Conclusion: RMC is a useful tool for evaluating vaccination coverage and reaching those not vaccinated, in addition to informing interventions.
Subject(s)
Mass Vaccination , Measles Vaccine , Mumps Vaccine , Immunization Programs/statistics & numerical data , Rubella VaccineABSTRACT
A point mutation from guanine (G) to adenine (A) at nucleotide position 1081 in the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) gene has been associated with neurovirulence of Urabe AM9 mumps virus vaccine. This mutation corresponds to a glutamic acid (E) to lysine (K) change at position 335 in the HN glycoprotein. We have experimentally demonstrated that two variants of Urabe AM9 strain (HN-A1081 and HN-G1081) differ in neurotropism, sialic acidbinding affinity and neuraminidase activity. In the present study, we performed a structure-function analysis of that amino acid substitution; the structures of HN protein of both Urabe AM9 strain variants were predicted. Based on our analysis, the E/K mutation changes the protein surface properties and to a lesser extent their conformations, which in turn reflects in activity changes. Our modeling results suggest that this E/K interchange does not affect the structure of the sialic acid binding motif; however, the electrostatic surface differs drastically due to an exposed short alpha helix. Consequently, this mutation may affect the accessibility of HN to substrates and membrane receptors of the host cells. Our findings appear to explain the observed differences in neurotropism of these vaccine strains.
Subject(s)
Genetic Variation/genetics , HN Protein/genetics , Mumps Vaccine/genetics , Mumps virus/genetics , Amino Acid Substitution/genetics , Animals , Cell Line, Tumor , Chlorocebus aethiops , Genetic Variation/immunology , HN Protein/chemistry , Humans , Mumps Vaccine/chemistry , Mumps virus/immunology , Point Mutation , Structure-Activity Relationship , Vero CellsABSTRACT
A point mutation from guanine (G) to adenine (A) at nucleotide position 1081 in the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) gene has been associated with neurovirulence of Urabe AM9 mumps virus vaccine. This mutation corresponds to a glutamic acid (E) to lysine (K) change at position 335 in the HN glycoprotein. We have experimentally demonstrated that two variants of Urabe AM9 strain (HN-A1081 and HN-G1081) differ in neurotropism, sialic acidbinding affinity and neuraminidase activity. In the present study, we performed a structure-function analysis of that amino acid substitution; the structures of HN protein of both Urabe AM9 strain variants were predicted. Based on our analysis, the E/K mutation changes the protein surface properties and to a lesser extent their conformations, which in turn reflects in activity changes. Our modeling results suggest that this E/K interchange does not affect the structure of the sialic acid binding motif; however, the electrostatic surface differs drastically due to an exposed short alpha helix. Consequently, this mutation may affect the accessibility of HN to substrates and membrane receptors of the host cells. Our findings appear to explain the observed differences in neurotropism of these vaccine strains.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Genetic Variation/genetics , HN Protein/genetics , Mumps Vaccine/genetics , Mumps virus/genetics , Amino Acid Substitution/genetics , Cell Line, Tumor , Chlorocebus aethiops , Genetic Variation/immunology , HN Protein/chemistry , Mumps Vaccine/chemistry , Mumps virus/immunology , Point Mutation , Structure-Activity Relationship , Vero CellsABSTRACT
A high rate of post-vaccinal aseptic meningitis for Urabe AM9 mumps virus strain is well documented. This strain is composed of two virus variants differing at the nt 1081 (A/G) region in the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) gene. An association of HN-A(1081) variant with neurovirulence has been proposed. In order to test for neurotropism we isolated the HN-A(1081) and HN-G(1081) virus variants from Urabe AM9 mumps virus vaccine. Sequential passages were performed in monkey kidney Vero cells and human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Viral replication was determined by conventional and real-time RT-PCR. The results show that clone HN-A(1081) can replicate efficiently in both cell types. However, a defective replication of clone HN-G(1081), lacking its genetic marker, was observed after the third passage in neuroblastoma cells. Kinetics assays showed that clone HN-A(1081) replicates faster than clone HN-G(1081). Viral clones were also inoculated into the brains of newborn rats. Clone HN-A(1081) replicated 14 times, while clone HN-G(1081) merely duplicated its level over the initial inoculum. These results suggest that there is a selective replication of HN-A(1081) mumps virus variants in cells of nervous origin.
Subject(s)
HN Protein/genetics , Mumps Vaccine , Mumps virus/physiology , Mumps virus/pathogenicity , Neuroblastoma/virology , Virus Replication , Animals , Animals, Newborn , Brain/virology , Cell Line , Cell Line, Tumor , Chlorocebus aethiops , Cloning, Molecular , HN Protein/chemistry , HN Protein/metabolism , Humans , Mumps/virology , Mumps virus/genetics , Point Mutation , Rats , Vero CellsABSTRACT
The study by da Cunha et al. published in 2002 reported that MMR vaccine containing L-Zagreb mumps strain manufactured by Serum Institute of India Ltd. caused a high incidence of aseptic meningitis (AM) from routine surveillance during two mass immunization campaigns (MIC) conducted in 1998 in two states in Brazil. Since the results were contrary to those in India, Egypt and Bahamas, a critical analysis of the study was done. Several inconsistencies were found in the study, which undermined the conclusions drawn. Two similar studies from Brazil reported similar results. Review of these studies and those done on the vaccine from Zagreb, Croatia showed that in no study the L-Zagreb mumps virus has been isolated from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of an AM case. Isolation of the vaccine virus is necessary for definite causal association of AM with the vaccine. There is no such evidence to causally link MMR vaccine containing L-Zagreb mumps strain with AM.
Subject(s)
Meningitis, Aseptic/etiology , Mumps Vaccine/adverse effects , Mumps virus/genetics , Brazil/epidemiology , Child , Drug Contamination , Humans , Mass Vaccination , Meningitis, Aseptic/diagnosis , Meningitis, Aseptic/virology , Mumps virus/immunology , Population Surveillance , YugoslaviaABSTRACT
Con el fin de conocer la cobertura de vacunaciones de los niños menores de seis años internados en el Servicio de Pediatría B del Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell, durante el período mayo-junio del 2000, se realizó un estudio descriptivo sobre una muestra de conveniencia constituida por todos los usuarios. La información sobre las características demográficas y socioeconómicas de los pacientes se obtuvieron por encuesta por formulario aplicado a la madre, padre o tutor. La cobertura de vacunación se obtuvo del certificado esquema de vacunación o en su defecto del carné del niño firmado por el pediatra. La población de estudio fue predominantemente menores de dos años (72 por ciento) y del sexo masculino(59 por ciento). El 71 por ciento de los niños residían en Montevideo. El nivel socioeconómico de la familia fue bajo y la mayoría tuvo educación primaria. El 60 por ciento de los niños tenían todas las vacunas correspondientes a su edad, 32 por ciento presentó vacunación incompleta y de 8 por ciento no se obtuvo información. El análisis de cobertura por vacuna mostró cobertura para BCG de 91 por ciento, DPT 64,2 por ciento, antipoliomielitis 68,7 por ciento, Hib 58,1 por ciento y triple viral 73,1 por ciento, estando estas cifras por debajo de los niveles de cobertura del país. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Vaccination/statistics & numerical data , Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine , Measles Vaccine , Mumps Vaccine , Rubella Vaccine , Haemophilus Vaccines , BCG Vaccine , UruguayABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To describe the frequency of lymphocytic meningitis(LM) concomitant with mumps, before and after the mumps mass immunization campaign in 1997. METHOD: Demographic, clinical and cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) information was collected from the chart of all patients aged from 2 to 59 months, whose CSF exam was performed at the CSF Lab/FJS, between 1989 and 2001. LM was defined as pleocytosis composed by lymphomononuclear cells and negative exams for bacterial or mycologic infection. RESULTS: Of 1,519 patients, 894(58.9%) had normal exams. LM was present in 301(19.8%) patients, out of which 22(7.3%) had concomitant mumps. The frequency of LM ranged from 15.8% in 1989 to 19.7% in 2001 and of LM with concomitant Mumps ranged from 10.5% in 1989 to 4.7% in 1995, when the last cases were registered. CONCLUSION: It is probable that the mumps vaccine campaign has influenced the absence of LM with concomitant Mumps, from 1996 to 2001.