ABSTRACT
Intraaortic balloon pump counterpulsation is the most common form of mechanical circulatory support used in patients with myocardial ischemia and cardiogenic shock. The physiologic principles of counterpulsation include diastolic augmentation of aortic pressure and systolic reduction of left ventricular afterload, resulting in hemodynamic benefits through increased coronary perfusion pressure and improved myocardial oxygen balance in patients with myocardial ischemia. Major trials have failed to conclusively demonstrate improvements in morbidity and mortality with counterpulsation therapy for patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI), cardiogenic shock, and/or severe coronary artery disease undergoing revascularization therapy, and the debate over its applications continues. Part I of this review focuses on the history of the development of counterpulsation, technical considerations, and complications associated with its use, its physiologic effects, and evidence for its use in myocardial ischemia and cardiogenic shock.
Subject(s)
Coronary Artery Disease/therapy , Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping , Myocardial Infarction/therapy , Myocardial Revascularization , Shock, Cardiogenic/therapy , Animals , Contraindications, Procedure , Coronary Artery Disease/history , Coronary Artery Disease/mortality , Coronary Artery Disease/physiopathology , Hemodynamics , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Humans , Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping/adverse effects , Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping/history , Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping/mortality , Myocardial Infarction/history , Myocardial Infarction/mortality , Myocardial Infarction/physiopathology , Myocardial Revascularization/adverse effects , Myocardial Revascularization/mortality , Recovery of Function , Risk Assessment , Risk Factors , Shock, Cardiogenic/history , Shock, Cardiogenic/mortality , Shock, Cardiogenic/physiopathology , Treatment Outcome , Ventricular FunctionSubject(s)
Biomedical Research/history , Cardiology/history , Myocardial Infarction/history , Myocardium , Troponin T/history , Biomarkers/blood , Biomedical Research/trends , Cardiology/trends , Diffusion of Innovation , Forecasting , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Humans , Myocardial Infarction/blood , Myocardial Infarction/pathology , Myocardium/metabolism , Myocardium/pathology , Predictive Value of Tests , Troponin T/bloodSubject(s)
Heart Failure , Myocardial Infarction , Precision Medicine/history , Clinical Trials as Topic , Heart Failure/history , Heart Failure/prevention & control , Heart Failure/therapy , History, 18th Century , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Humans , Myocardial Infarction/history , Myocardial Infarction/prevention & control , Myocardial Infarction/therapySubject(s)
Coronary Thrombosis/pathology , Myocardial Infarction/history , Myocardial Infarction/pathology , Aged , Coronary Thrombosis/history , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , History, 18th Century , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Clark Gable was born in a small Ohio mining town and never finished high school. Stage struck as a young man, he did menial jobs while working his way up to movie stardom-his most famous role was in "Gone with the Wind." He married 5 times. During WWII, he enlisted in the Army Air Corps, flew a few combat missions as a gunner and won the Distinguished Service Cross. Personally, he was intermittently obese, a drinker, smoker, hypertensive and predictably in 1960, he suffered an acute myocardial infarction. His clinical course was benign until the 10th hospital day, when he died suddenly. No resuscitation was attempted. At the time of his death, preventive cardiology, mouth-to-mouth ventilation, closed chest cardiac massage, defibrillation and coronary care units were in their infancy. The history of these and subsequent therapeutic practices are reviewed, but Gable died a bit too early for their application.
Subject(s)
Cardiology/history , Military Personnel , Myocardial Infarction , Cardiology/methods , History, 20th Century , Myocardial Infarction/history , Myocardial Infarction/physiopathology , Myocardial Infarction/therapyABSTRACT
In 1910, James Bryan Herrick published the first clinical and laboratory description of sickle cell anemia. Two years later, he published a case report on coronary thrombosis. Together, these case reports solidified his reputation as one of the premier diagnosticians of his generation. Now regarded as a central figure in the history of American medicine, Herrick played an integral role in the clinical adoption of the electrocardiograph and the professionalization of cardiology in the United States. Although a full decade passed before the medical profession recognized his clinical description of coronary thrombosis and myocardial infarction, it has had profound implications for cardiovascular medicine and prevention over the past hundred years. As a consultant physician, Herrick advocated in favor of incorporating chemistry and laboratory evaluation into clinical practice.
Subject(s)
Anemia, Sickle Cell/history , Cardiologists/history , Cardiology/history , Consultants/history , Coronary Thrombosis/history , Anemia, Sickle Cell/diagnosis , Coronary Thrombosis/diagnosis , Electrocardiography/history , Electrocardiography/statistics & numerical data , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Myocardial Infarction/diagnosis , Myocardial Infarction/historyABSTRACT
In 1710, the surgeon Pierre Dionis publishes a Dissertation on sudden death. Echoing and expanding the work of his Roman colleague Jean Marie Lancisi, he describes and analyzes dozens of cases of sudden death observed by him. A large number of cases was followed by autopsies allowing clinicopathological confrontation. Are proposed causes of death (pulmonary embolism, myocardial infarction, hemorrhagic stroke, arterial rupture, etc.), pathophysiological mechanisms based on the ancient theory of humors, and preventive actions to avoid these unexpected deaths. In this article, we oppose these old data to those of current literature.
Subject(s)
Academic Dissertations as Topic/history , Death, Sudden , Myocardial Infarction/history , Pulmonary Embolism/history , Stroke/history , Vascular System Injuries/history , Anthropology, Medical/history , Death, Sudden/etiology , France , History, 18th Century , Humans , Myocardial Infarction/complications , Pulmonary Embolism/complications , Stroke/complications , Vascular System Injuries/complicationsABSTRACT
While staying in the White House over Christmas 1941, Churchill developed chest pain on trying to open a window in his bedroom. Sir Charles Wilson, his personal physician, diagnosed a 'heart attack' (myocardial infarction). Wilson, for political and personal reasons, decided not to inform his patient of the diagnosis or obtain assistance from US medical colleagues. On Churchill's return to London, Wilson sought a second opinion from Dr John Parkinson who did not support the diagnosis of coronary thrombosis (myocardial infarction) and reassured Churchill accordingly.
Subject(s)
Myocardial Infarction/history , Famous Persons , History, 20th Century , Humans , Male , Physicians , United StatesSubject(s)
Exercise , Myocardial Infarction/history , Students/history , Universities/history , Athletes/history , Athletes/statistics & numerical data , History, 20th Century , Humans , Myocardial Infarction/etiology , Physical Fitness , Risk Assessment/history , Risk Factors , Students/statistics & numerical dataSubject(s)
Aspirin/history , Hematology/history , Myocardial Infarction/history , Physicians/history , Stroke/history , Thrombosis/history , Aspirin/administration & dosage , Blood Coagulation , Faculty, Medical/history , Fibrinolytic Agents/history , Hematology/education , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Humans , Myocardial Infarction/prevention & control , Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/history , Schools, Medical/history , Stroke/prevention & control , Thrombosis/prevention & control , United StatesABSTRACT
The evolution of the management of acute myocardial infarction (MI) has been one of the crowning achievements of modern medicine. At the turn of the twentieth century, MI was an often-fatal condition. Prolonged bed rest served as the principal treatment modality. Over the past century, insights into the pathophysiology of MI revolutionized approaches to management, with the sequential use of surgical coronary artery revascularization, thrombolytic therapy, and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with primary coronary angioplasty, and placement of intracoronary stents. The benefits of prompt revascularization inspired systems of care to provide rapid access to PCI. This review provides a historical context for our current approach to primary PCI for acute MI.