Nandrolone decanoate impairs gastrointestinal motility and duodenal morphometry in moderately exercised rats.

The misuse of anabolic androgenic steroid associated or not with physical workouts disrupts gastrointestinal (GI) function homeostasis. Our goal was to investigate the effects of nandrolone decanoate (ND) and moderate swimming on the GI transit of solid meals, GI motor contractility, and intestinal histology in rats. Male Wistar rats were allocated to four groups that received intramuscular injections of ND (5.0 mg/kg) or vehicle (60.0 µL) and were submitted or not to swimming sessions (60 min, 5% body weight overload) for 4 weeks. Gastric emptying, intestinal transit, in vitro GI contractility, intestinal morphometry, and duodenal mucosal mast cells were evaluated in all experimental groups. ND treatment accelerated gastric emptying, slowed small intestine transit time, enhanced gastric carbachol-mediated reactivity, decreased crypt depth and villus height, reduced mucosal thickness, and increased the circular and longitudinal muscle layer thickness of the duodenum in sedentary rats. Moderate exercise accelerated intestinal transit time and reduced submucosa thickness. In vehicle-treated animals, a strong negative correlation was found between intestinal transit and mucosal mast cells, which was reversed by ND treatment. Combining ND treatment and swimming accelerated gastric emptying, increased duodenal cholinergic reactivity, inhibited the sodium nitroprusside relaxing response, increased the number of duodenal mast cells, decreased villus height, and increased the thickness of all muscle layers. ND changed the morphological and functional properties of the GI tract over time, with intense dysmotility, especially in sedentary animals, but moderate exercise seemed to have played a compensatory role in these harmful effects in the gut.

The association of caffeine and nandrolone decanoate modulates aversive memory and nociception in rats.

Caffeine and anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) are commonly used to improve muscle mass and athletic performance. Nandrolone Decanoate (ND) is one of the most abused AAS worldwide, leading to behavioral changes in both humans and rodents. Caffeine, the most widely consumed psychostimulant globally, is present in various thermogenic and gym supplements. Low and moderate doses of caffeine antagonize adenosine receptors and have been linked to improved memory and pain relief. We have previously demonstrated that consuming caffeine prevents the risk-taking behavior triggered by nandrolone. In this study, we aimed to investigate the long-term effects of ND and caffeine, either alone or in combination, on passive avoidance memory and nociception. We used the step-down and hot-plate tasks in male and female Lister Hooded rats. Our results confirmed the antinociceptive effect of caffeine and indicated that chronic administration of the ND-caffeine association promotes the evocation of aversive memory in female rats.

Effects of Nandrolone Decanoate on Skeletal Muscle and Neuromuscular Junction of Sedentary and Exercised Rats.

Background and Objectives: Nandrolone decanoate (ND) is the most widely used among the anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS), synthetic substances derived from testosterone, to improve muscular and health gains associated with exercises. The AAS leads to physical performance enhancement and presents anti-aging properties, but its abuse is associated with several adverse effects. Supraphysiological doses of AAS with or without physical exercise can cause morphological and functional alterations in neuromuscular interactions. This study aims to investigate the effects of ND supraphysiological doses in neuromuscular interactions, focusing on the soleus muscle and its neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) in rats, associated or not with physical exercise. Materials and Methods: Forty male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups: sedentary and exercised groups, with or without ND at the dose of 10 mg/kg/week. The animals were treated for eight weeks, with intramuscular injections, and the soleus muscle was collected for morphological analyses. Results: The supraphysiological doses of ND in the sedentary group caused muscle degeneration, evidenced by splitting fibers, clusters of small fibers, irregular myofibrils, altered sarcomeres, an increase in collagen deposition and in the number of type I muscle fibers (slow-twitch) and central nuclei, as well as a decrease in fibers with peripheral nuclei. On the other hand, in the ND exercise group, there was an increase in the NMJs diameter with scattering of its acetylcholine receptors, although no major morphological changes were found in the skeletal muscle. Thus, the alterations caused by ND in sedentary rats were partially reversed by physical exercise. Conclusions: The supraphysiological ND exposure in the sedentary rats promoted an increase in muscle oxidative pattern and adverse morphological alterations in skeletal muscle, resulting from damage or post-injury regeneration. In the ND-exercised rats, no major morphological changes were found. Thus, the physical exercise partially reversed the alterations caused by ND in sedentary rats.

Effects of nandrolone decanoate on telomere length and clinical outcome in patients with telomeropathies: a prospective trial.

Androgens have been reported to elongate telomeres in retrospective and prospective trials with patients with telomeropathies, mainly with bone marrow failure. In our single-arm prospective clinical trial (clinicaltrials gov. Identifier: NCT02055456), 17 patients with short telomeres and/or germline pathogenic variants in telomere biology genes associated with at least one cytopenia and/or radiologic diagnosis of interstitial lung disease were treated with 5 mg/kg of intramuscular nandrolone decanoate every 15 days for 2 years. Ten of 13 evaluable patients (77%) showed telomere elongation at 12 months by flow-fluorescence in situ hybridization (average increase, 0.87 kb; 95% confidence interval: 0.20-1.55 kb; P=0.01). At 24 months, all ten evaluable patients showed telomere elongation (average increase, 0.49 kb; 95% confidence interval: 0.24-1.23 kb; P=0.18). Hematologic response was achieved in eight of 16 patients (50%) with marrow failure at 12 months, and in ten of 16 patients (63%) at 24 months. Seven patients had interstitial lung disease at baseline, and two and three had pulmonary response at 12 and 24 months, respectively. Two patients died due to pulmonary failure during treatment. In the remaining evaluable patients, the pulmonary function remained stable or improved, but showed consistent decline after cessation of treatment. Somatic mutations in myeloid neoplasm-related genes were present in a minority of patients and were mostly stable during drug treatment. The most common adverse events were elevations in liver function test levels in 88%, acne in 59%, and virilization in 59%. No adverse events grade ≥4 was observed. Our findings indicate that nandrolone decanoate elongates telomeres in patients with telomeropathies, which correlated with clinical improvement in some cases and tolerable adverse events.

Adenosine receptors participate in anabolic-androgenic steroid-induced changes on risk assessment/anxiety-like behaviors in male and female rats.

Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) and caffeine can induce several behavioral alterations in humans and rodents. Administration of nandrolone decanoate is known to affect defensive responses to aversive stimuli, generally decreasing inhibitory control and increasing aggressivity but whether caffeine intake influences behavioral changes induced by AAS is unknown. The present study aimed to investigate behavioral effects of caffeine (a non-selective antagonist of adenosine receptors) alone or combined with nandrolone decanoate (one of the most commonly AAS abused) in female and male Lister Hooded rats. Our results indicated that chronic administration of nandrolone decanoate (10 mg/kg, i.m., once a week for 8 weeks) decreased risk assessment/anxiety-like behaviors (in the elevated plus maze test), regardless of sex. These effects were prevented by combined caffeine intake (0.1 g/L, p.o., ad libitum). Overall, the present study heralds a key role for caffeine intake in the modulation of nandrolone decanoate-induced behavioral changes in rats, suggesting adenosine receptors as candidate targets to manage impact of AAS on brain function and behavior.

Nandrolone Supplementation Promotes AMPK Activation and Divergent 18[FDG] PET Brain Connectivity in Adult and Aged Mice.

Decreased anabolic androgen levels are followed by impaired brain energy support and sensing with loss of neural connectivity during physiological aging, providing a neurobiological basis for hormone supplementation. Here, we investigated whether nandrolone decanoate (ND) administration mediates hypothalamic AMPK activation and glucose metabolism, thus affecting metabolic connectivity in brain areas of adult and aged mice. Metabolic interconnected brain areas of rodents can be detected by positron emission tomography using 18FDG-mPET. Albino CF1 mice at 3 and 18 months of age were separated into 4 groups that received daily subcutaneous injections of either ND (15 mg/kg) or vehicle for 15 days. At the in vivo baseline and on the 14th day, brain 18FDG-microPET scans were performed. Hypothalamic pAMPKT172/AMPK protein levels were assessed, and basal mitochondrial respiratory states were evaluated in synaptosomes. A metabolic connectivity network between brain areas was estimated based on 18FDG uptake. We found that ND increased the pAMPKT172/AMPK ratio in both adult and aged mice but increased 18FDG uptake and mitochondrial basal respiration only in adult mice. Furthermore, ND triggered rearrangement in the metabolic connectivity of adult mice and aged mice compared to age-matched controls. Altogether, our findings suggest that ND promotes hypothalamic AMPK activation, and distinct glucose metabolism and metabolic connectivity rearrangements in the brains of adult and aged mice.

Nandrolone decanoate and resistance exercise affect body composition and energy metabolism.

Our aim was to evaluate the independent and associated effects of nandrolone decanoate (DECA) and resistance exercise (REx) on central and peripheral hormones and neuropeptides related to energy balance in male rats. The experimental protocol was performed for eight weeks and comprised four groups: control (C) - exposed to vehicle 3x/wk; trained (T) - REx 5x/wk and vehicle 3x/wk; decanoate (D) - exposed to DECA (5 mg/kg) 3x/wk, and REx with DECA (TD) - submitted to REx 5x/wk and DECA (5 mg/kg) 3x/wk. Cross-sectional area analysis of the gastrocnemius muscle was higher in the T and TD groups compared to the C group. Biometrical analyses showed a decrease in body weight only in the TD compared to the C group, however, a reduction in total fat mass was observed in both the T and TD when compared to the C group. In respect of hypothalamic mRNA expression, there was an increase in prepro-orexin in the T compared to the C group. In mesenteric fat there was a decrease in leptin expression in the T and TD compared to the C group. Plasma evaluations showed reduced leptin concentrations in D, T and TD compared to C, and an increase in orexin-A in the D group compared to the C and T groups. Our data showed that REx was related to central and peripheral changes in energy metabolism, while DECA changed only peripheral components. REx associated with DECA promoted peripheral changes in energy metabolism and decreased body and fat weights.

Effects of nandrolone decanoate on femur morphology. Experimental study.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the immediate and late effects of nandrolone on femur morphology of rats. METHODS: Twenty-eight animals with 20 weeks of age were divided into four groups: C28, control animals that were euthanized eight weeks after the experiment started; C40, control animals euthanized 20 weeks after the experiment started; T28, treated animals receiving nandrolone during eight weeks and euthanized immediately after the treatment period; and T40, animals treated during eight weeks and euthanized 12 weeks after the end of the treatment. Treated animals received nandrolone decanoate during eight weeks and control groups received peanut oil by intramuscular injection. After euthanasia, femurs were removed, dissected, weighted and measured by digital pachymeter. RESULTS: The T40 group presented an increase on distal epiphysis diameter when compared to C40 group. There was no difference between treated and control groups in relation to body and femur absolute weight, relative weight and length of femur. There was also no difference in relation to diameter of proximal epiphysis and diameter of diaphysis among the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Nandrolone decanoate does not produce significant effect on femur, exception on its distal extremity at late period. The effects of such drug may depend on the time after administration.

Swim training reverses some effects of nandrolone decanoate in wistar rats / El entrenamiento en natación revierte algunos efectos del decanoato de nandrolona en los ratones wistar / Treinamento de natação reverte alguns efeitos do decanoato de nandrolona em ratos wistar

ABSTRACT Introduction: The indiscriminate use of androgenic steroids may have deleterious effects on human tissue. Objectives: Evaluate the effects of chronic administration of the steroid nandrolone decanoate (DECA) on autonomic cardiovascular modulation, kidney morphometry and the association between these variables in Wistar rats subjected to physical training with swimming. Methods: Thirty-two male Wistar rats aged 20 weeks were distributed among four experimental groups according to the training received: sedentary control (SC), sedentary treated with DECA (SD), trained control (TC) and trained treated with DECA (TD). The hemodynamic parameters, including blood pressure and variations in systolic blood pressure (SBPV) and diastolic blood pressure (DBPV), and kidney morphometry were evaluated. The level of significance adopted was 5%. Results: The SD group had higher baseline SBP and DBP values when compared to the SC, TC and TD groups, which were similar to each other. The rats in the SD group had higher systolic blood pressure (SBPV) and diastolic blood pressure (DBPV) variation values and higher absolute and normalized values in the LF band of the DBPV when compared to the animals in the SC, TC and TD groups. The animals in the SD group had a significantly higher rate of kidney fibrosis compared to the SC, TC and TD groups. There were no significant differences between the sympathetic modulation of SBPV through the LF component and kidney fibrosis. Conclusions: Physical training with swimming was effective in preventing the increase in blood pressure levels and lowering the occurrence of kidney fibrosis in animals treated with anabolic steroids. Level of Evidence IV; Series of cases .

RESUMEN Introducción: El uso indiscriminado de esteroides androgénicos puede tener consecuencias nocivas para el organismo. Objetivo: Evaluar los efectos de la administración crónica del esteroide decanoato de nandrolona (DECA) en ratones Wistar sometidos a entrenamiento físico con natación, sobre la modulación autonómica cardiovascular, morfometría renal y asociación entre esas variables. Métodos: Fueron utilizados 32 ratones Wistar machos con edad de 20 semanas, distribuidos en 4 grupos experimentales de acuerdo con el tratamiento recibido: sedentarios controles (SC), sedentarios que recibieron el DECA (SD), entrenados controles (EC) y entrenados que recibieron el DECA (ED). Se evaluaron parámetros hemodinámicos, como presión arterial y variación de la presión arterial sistólica (VPAS) y diastólica (VPAD) y morfometría renal. El nivel de significancia adoptado fue de 5%. Resultados: El grupo SD presentó valores basales mayores de PAS y PAD cuando comparados a los grupos SC, EC y ED, los cuales fueron semejantes entre sí. Los animales del grupo SD tuvieron valores mayores de la variancia de VPAS y VPAD y valores absolutos mayores y normalizados de la banda LF de la VPAD, en comparación con los animales de los grupos SC, EC y ED. El grupo SD tuvo tasa significativamente mayor de fibrosis renal en comparación con los animales de los grupos SC, EC y ED. No se evidenciaron diferencias considerables entre la modulación simpática de la VPAS a través del componente LF y fibrosis renal. Conclusiones: El entrenamiento físico con natación fue efectivo en prevenir el aumento de niveles presóricos y disminuir la ocurrencia de fibrosis renal en animales tratados con esteroide anabolizante. Nivel de Evidencia IV; Serie de casos .

RESUMO Introdução: O uso indiscriminado de esteroides androgênicos pode ter consequências deletérias no organismo. Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos da administração crônica do esteroide decanoato de nandrolona (DECA) em ratos Wistar submetidos a treinamento físico com natação sobre a modulação autônoma cardiovascular, morfometria renal e associação entre essas variáveis. Métodos: Foram utilizados 32 ratos Wistar machos com idade de 20 semanas, distribuídos em 4 grupos experimentais de acordo com o tratamento recebido: sedentários controles (SC), sedentários que receberam o DECA (SD), treinados controles (TC) e treinados que receberam o DECA (TD). Avaliaram-se parâmetros hemodinâmicos, como pressão arterial e variação da pressão arterial sistólica (VPAS) e diastólica (VPAD) e morfometria renal. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. Resultados: O grupo SD apresentou valores basais maiores de PAS e PAD quando comparado aos grupos SC, TC e TD, os quais foram semelhantes entre si. Os animais do grupo SD tiveram valores maiores da variância da VPAS e VPAD e valores absolutos maiores e normalizados da banda LF da VPAD, em comparação com os animais dos grupos SC, TC e TD. O grupo SD teve taxa significativamente maior de fibrose renal em comparação com os animais dos grupos SC, TC e TD. Não se evidenciaram diferenças consideráveis entre a modulação simpática da VPAS através do componente LF e fibrose renal. Conclusões: O treinamento físico com natação foi efetivo em prevenir o aumento de níveis pressóricos e diminuir a ocorrência de fibrose renal em animais tratados com esteroide anabolizante. Nível de Evidência IV; Série de casos .

Effects of nandrolone decanoate on femur morphology. Experimental study

ABSTRACT Purpose To evaluate the immediate and late effects of nandrolone on femur morphology of rats. Methods Twenty-eight animals with 20 weeks of age were divided into four groups: C28, control animals that were euthanized eight weeks after the experiment started; C40, control animals euthanized 20 weeks after the experiment started; T28, treated animals receiving nandrolone during eight weeks and euthanized immediately after the treatment period; and T40, animals treated during eight weeks and euthanized 12 weeks after the end of the treatment. Treated animals received nandrolone decanoate during eight weeks and control groups received peanut oil by intramuscular injection. After euthanasia, femurs were removed, dissected, weighted and measured by digital pachymeter. Results The T40 group presented an increase on distal epiphysis diameter when compared to C40 group. There was no difference between treated and control groups in relation to body and femur absolute weight, relative weight and length of femur. There was also no difference in relation to diameter of proximal epiphysis and diameter of diaphysis among the groups. Conclusions Nandrolone decanoate does not produce significant effect on femur, exception on its distal extremity at late period. The effects of such drug may depend on the time after administration.

High-dose Nandrolone Decanoate induces oxidative stress and inflammation in retroperitoneal adipose tissue of male rats.

The non-therapeutic use of the androgenic anabolic steroid Nandrolone Decanoate is popular due to its effects on physical performance and body composition, especially for its lipolytic and anabolic effects associated. However, high doses of such drugs are often associated with a series of pathologies related to unbalanced redox homeostasis, which, in turn, can be linked to inflammation. The oxidative stress onset could deregulate the secretion of cytokines, evidencing a dysfunctional adipocyte. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of supraphysiological doses of Nandrolone Decanoate on redox homeostasis of retroperitoneal fatpad of male rats and its relationship with cytokines-based inflammatory signaling. Hydrogen peroxide production was assessed in the retroperitoneal fat pad of adult male rats which received either 10 mg kg of Nandrolone Decanoate or only a vehicle. Also, catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities were measured, together with total reduced thiols and protein carbonylation, as well as IL-1ß, TNF-α, and IL-6 local levels. High doses of Nandrolone Decanoate caused an increase in the hydrogen peroxide production, together with lower activities of the antioxidant enzymes and lower levels of total reduced thiol. There were also higher protein carbonylation and greater levels of IL-1ß, TNF-α, and IL-6 in the treated group compared to control group. Therefore, it was possible to verify that high doses of Nandrolone Decanoate cause oxidative stress and induce higher inflammatory signaling in retroperitoneal fat pad of male rats.

Nandrolone decanoate and resistance exercise affect prostate morphology and hormone receptor interface in adult rats with implications for the aging process.

BACKGROUND: Nandrolone decanoate (ND) is an anabolic-androgenic steroid, and its indiscriminate use leads to subclinical alterations in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and androgen-dependent organs. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of ND, either alone or in combination with resistance exercise (RE), on the levels of sex hormones, converting enzymes, and steroid receptors and the morphology of the ventral prostate (VP) in adult and aged rats. METHODS: Forty Sprague-Dawley adult and aged rats were divided into four groups each, sedentary and trained with and without ND. The groups received treatments over 8 weeks. Adult animals were sacrificed immediately following treatment completion, while the aged groups were left untreated until 300 days of age. RESULTS: Adult and aged animals showed reductions in testosterone levels following the different treatments, and 17ß-estradiol levels were decreased in the ND-treated groups. The level of 5α-reductase type 2 (5αR2) and aromatase was increased significantly in the prostates of adult animals that performed RE. However, aromatase levels were decreased in the prostates of aged animals that performed RE and were treated with ND, while 5αR2 levels were reduced in aged animals that performed RE without ND treatment. When sex receptors levels were examined, the aged and trained animals presented low androgen receptor (AR) levels. Estrogen receptors (ERs) levels were increased in the prostates of adult animals that received ND. ERß levels were reduced after treatments in aged animals. The heights of the prostatic epithelium were reduced in all adult treated animals, coinciding with increases in PCNA and PAR4 levels. DISCUSSION: ND and RE alter the levels of hormone, converting enzymes, and sex steroid receptors and the morphology of the VP. These effects were observed in both adult and aged rats. CONCLUSION: ND, either with or without RE, during post-puberty stage is able to interfere with the morphophysiology of the prostate.

Eight weeks of treatment with nandrolone decanoate in female rats promotes disruption in the redox homeostasis and impaired renal function.

INTRODUCTION: Misuse of AAS is emergent among both genders, however, few studies were performed evaluating AAS effects on female body and none evaluate the impact of nandrolone decanoate (ND) in renal function. AIM: Determine the effects of chronic treatment with ND on kidney function of female rats and evaluate the influence of oxidative stress on it. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Female rats were separated into two groups (n = 8 each), the treated group (DECA), which received ND at a dose of 20 mg/kg/week (i.m), and the control group (C), which was treated with the vehicle (peanut oil, i.m.). All treatments were performed during eight weeks. After this period, 24 h urine, blood and organs (heart, gastrocnemius muscle, liver and kidney) were collected. Organ hypertrophy was calculated, and kidney collagen content was evaluated. AOPP, TBARS, SOD and catalase activity were determined in the kidney. Moreover, proteinuria and creatinine clearance were also investigated. KEY-FINDINGS: Hypertrophy was observed in the liver, gastrocnemius muscle, heart and kidney. Kidney hypertrophy was followed by a reduced organ function and an increase in collagen deposition. Oxidative stress upsurge occurred in both proteins and lipids, followed by a reduction in SOD activity. SIGNIFICANCE: Administration of DN in rats was followed by renal damage and kidney fibrosis due to increased oxidative stress on that organ.

Evaluation of the effect of nandrolone decanoate on experimental spinal cord injury in rats

Background: Acute spinal cord injury, a common cause of neurological dysfunction in humans and animals, impairsmotor, sensory and autonomic functions and may result in permanent disability. Nandrolone decanoate (ND) is a steroidwidely studied for its predominantly anabolic effect and low androgenic potential. Several researchers have described thepositive interference of ND in neurological tissue, such as increased synthesis and release of neurotrophic substances, butto date no studies have evaluated the action of this steroid in acute spinal cord injury. The aim of this study was thereforeto evaluate the effect of ND in rats subjected to acute spinal cord injury.Materials, Methods & Results: Thirty-two young adult Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus), weighing between 240 and 260 g,were divided into three groups. The first group (GNAN) (n=13) was subjected to acute spinal cord injury and treated withND; the control group (GCON) (n=13) was subjected to spinal cord injury without treatment; and the third group (GLAM)(n=6) underwent laminectomy without prior spinal cord injury, in order to control changes caused by the procedure. A 20g metal device was released from a height of 25 cm to produce the spinal cord injury. After exposing the spinal canal, a2-mm diameter metal rod was placed directly in contact with the spinal cord, and when the weight was released, the rodwas struck, causing the spinal cord injury. An intramuscular injection of 2 mg/kg of ND was administered the immediatepostoperative period. The animals were assessed to ascertain the recovery of their motor function on five occasions, namelyat 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 7 and 14 days after undergoing spinal cord injury. This assessment was performed using the Basso,Beattie and Bresnahan (BBB) model. The animals were euthanized 14 days post-op and fragments of the spinal cord andurinary...(AU)

Evaluation of the effect of nandrolone decanoate on experimental spinal cord injury in rats

Background: Acute spinal cord injury, a common cause of neurological dysfunction in humans and animals, impairsmotor, sensory and autonomic functions and may result in permanent disability. Nandrolone decanoate (ND) is a steroidwidely studied for its predominantly anabolic effect and low androgenic potential. Several researchers have described thepositive interference of ND in neurological tissue, such as increased synthesis and release of neurotrophic substances, butto date no studies have evaluated the action of this steroid in acute spinal cord injury. The aim of this study was thereforeto evaluate the effect of ND in rats subjected to acute spinal cord injury.Materials, Methods & Results: Thirty-two young adult Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus), weighing between 240 and 260 g,were divided into three groups. The first group (GNAN) (n=13) was subjected to acute spinal cord injury and treated withND; the control group (GCON) (n=13) was subjected to spinal cord injury without treatment; and the third group (GLAM)(n=6) underwent laminectomy without prior spinal cord injury, in order to control changes caused by the procedure. A 20g metal device was released from a height of 25 cm to produce the spinal cord injury. After exposing the spinal canal, a2-mm diameter metal rod was placed directly in contact with the spinal cord, and when the weight was released, the rodwas struck, causing the spinal cord injury. An intramuscular injection of 2 mg/kg of ND was administered the immediatepostoperative period. The animals were assessed to ascertain the recovery of their motor function on five occasions, namelyat 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 7 and 14 days after undergoing spinal cord injury. This assessment was performed using the Basso,Beattie and Bresnahan (BBB) model. The animals were euthanized 14 days post-op and fragments of the spinal cord andurinary...

Sex steroid receptors profiling is influenced by nandrolone decanoate in the ampulla of the fallopian tube: Post-treatment and post-recovery analyses.

Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are recommended for therapeutic clinic, but their use has increased in recent decades for aesthetic reasons. No study has evaluated the impact of AAS in the fallopian tube, after treatment and recovery periods. Herein, the aim of study was to investigate the effects of Nandrolone Decanoate (ND), administered in different doses (1.87; 3.75; 7.5 and 15 mg/kg) on the ampulla of the fallopian tube in rats, following post-treatment (PT; 15 consecutive days) and post-recovery (PR; 30 consecutive days) periods. The control group received mineral oil. Estrous cycle was monitored daily during both periods and in sequence the rats (n = 8/group/period) were killed. All ND-treated animals showed estral acyclicity during the PT and PR periods, but the histomorphometric changes in the fallopian tube varied according to the ND dose level. The expression of AR, ERα and ERß varied in the nucleus and cytoplasm of epithelial cells. No AR expression was observed in the stroma. The muscle cells exhibited variation in immunostaining. In conclusion, ND promoted histomorphometric and immunohistochemical changes in the ampullary portion of the fallopian tube after treatment and recovery periods in a dose-independent manner.

Nandrolone decanoate appears to increase bone callus formation in young adult rats after a complete femoral fracture.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the influence of nandrolone decanoate on fracture healing and bone quality in normal rats. METHODS: Male rats were assigned to four groups (n=28/group): Control group consisting of animals without any intervention, Nandrolone decanoate (DN) group consisting of animals that received intramuscular injection of nandrolone decanoate, Fracture group consisting of animals with a fracture at the mid-diaphysis of the femur, and Fracture and nandrolone decanoate group consisting of animals with a femur fracture and treatment with nandrolone decanoate. Fractures were created at the mid-diaphysis of the right femur by a blunt trauma and internally fixed using an intramedullary steel wire. The DN was injected intramuscularly twice per week (10 mg/kg of body mass). The femurs were measured and evaluated by densitometry and mechanical resistance after animal euthanasia. The newly formed bone and collagen type I levels were quantified in the callus. RESULTS: The treated animals had longer femurs after 28 days. The quality of the intact bone was not significantly different between groups. The bone callus did show a larger mass in the treated rats. CONCLUSION: The administration of nandrolone decanoate did not affect the quality of the intact bone, but might have enhanced the bone callus formation.

Use of Nandrolone Decanoate in Treatment of Pure Red Cell Aplasia Secondary to Diclofenac Administration: A Case Report.

Pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) is a disorder that leads to a nonregenerative anemia that results from erythroid precursors failing to reach maturity in the bone marrow, whereas the numbers of mature myeloid and megakaryocytic cells remain normal. PRCA can be induced by autoimmune processes, infections, drugs, toxins, and radiation, and is diagnosed by a bone marrow cytology examination after excluding the most common causes of nonregenerative anemia. Immunosuppressive therapies are used to treat PRCA, and usually involve the use of glucocorticoids, cyclosporin, or azathioprine. Alternatively, although little studied in veterinary medicine, drugs which stimulate bone marrow (e.g., nandrolone decanoate) have been mentioned as possible therapeutic agents. A case of PRCA that presented at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (UNESP)-Botucatu, Brazil showed a good therapeutic response to weekly administration of nandrolone decanoate. Therefore, it was concluded that bone marrow stimulants might improve the quality of life of PRCA patients, provided they are used with caution and under close clinical supervision.

Immediate and residual effects of low-dose nandrolone decanoate and treadmill training on adipose and reproductive tissues of male Wistar rats.

CONTEXT: Residual effects after nandrolone decanoate (ND) treatment are not reported. OBJECTIVE: Immediate and residual effects of low-dose ND and treadmill training were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Male rats were trained and/or ND-treated for four weeks and the assessments were made after this period or four weeks later. RESULTS: The groups did not differ in final plasma glucose or AUC of the ivGTT, but hyperinsulinemia was noticed in some trained/treated groups. Training with ND increased muscle mass and ND decreased the reproductive structures. Decreased fat with training was reversed by detraining. DISCUSSION: The anabolic action of ND on skeletal muscle was enhanced by training. Fat and lipid changes were more linked to training/detraining, but the effects of ND on the reproductive structures persisted after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The effects of training on fat and muscle were not maintained after detraining, but low-dose ND had persistent effects on the reproductive structures.