Microvascular remodeling of nasal mucosa in allergic rhinitis induced by an allergen in Sprague-Dawley rats.

This study aimed to observe microvascular changes in the nasal mucosa of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats with allergic rhinitis (AR) after persistent exposure to an allergen with fluticasone propionate (FP) treatment. Ninety healthy SD rats were randomly distributed into the control group (A, N = 30), the group with continued exposure to an allergen (B, N = 30), and FP treatment group (C, N = 30). The animals of the persistence group were subjected to persistent exposure to an allergen after 7 weeks of modeling of ovalbumin (OVA) provocation in the nasal mucosa for 16 weeks. At the 8th, 12th, and 16th week after OVA provocation, each group was euthanized at each time point: the FP treatment after OVA provocation, and animals of the control group were not stimulated with OVA and were sacrificed at the same time point. The nasal mucosa of 5 animals from each group was analyzed for the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and another 5 animals were used to make micro vascular corrosion casts for a scanning electron microscope. The results demonstrate that FP has a strong inhibitory effect on angiogenesis in AR. Inhalation of FP had an antiangiogenic effect through inhibition of VEGF expression but does not completely reverse the remodeling of the nasal mucosa in the short term nor does it have complete control over the expression of VEGF mRNA.

Angioarchitectural arrangements in corrosion cast of the nasal septum of the Mongolian gerbil.

The three-dimensional architecture of the vascular network of the nasal septum of the gerbil rat was studied using the corrosive resin cast technique. The angioarchitecture of the nasal septum observed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that a vascular network is disposed in the lamina propria. The capillaries, arterioles, venules and arteries were closely observed in different areas of the nasal septum mucosa.

Is epistaxis evidence of end-organ damage in patients with hypertension?

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: To study the association between history of mild to severe epistaxis with different stages of hypertension and with other evidence of target organ damage in a sample of patients attending an outpatient hypertension clinic, controlling for potential confounding factors. STUDY DESIGN: A survey of adult patients with hypertension. METHODS: A consecutive sample of 323 adults with hypertension was studied. The main outcome measures were history of adult epistaxis, high blood pressure, duration of hypertension, nasal abnormalities, and fundoscopic and electrocardiogram abnormalities. RESULTS: Ninety-four patients (29.1% of the whole sample) reported at least one episode of nosebleed after 18 years of age. Of these, 59 (62.8%) needed medical assistance to control at least one of the episodes. The history of epistaxis was not associated with blood pressure classified according to the World Health Organization/International Society of Hypertension paradigm or classified as severe or not severe. There was a trend of an association between history of epistaxis and duration of hypertension. The history of severe epistaxis (epistaxis that needed medical assistance) was not associated with blood pressure classified as severe or not severe and with duration of hypertension. More patients with left ventricular hypertrophy had a positive history of adult epistaxis. There was no association between history of epistaxis or history of severe epistaxis and fundoscopic abnormalities. Among the abnormalities detected at rhinoscopy, only the presence of enlarged septal vessels was associated with history of epistaxis. The presence of enlarged septal vessels was strongly and independently associated with history of epistaxis in the logistic regression model. Duration of hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy showed a trend for an association with the history of epistaxis in the adult life. CONCLUSIONS: A definite association between blood pressure and history of adult epistaxis in hypertensive patients was not found. The evidence for an association of duration of hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy with epistaxis suggests that epistaxis might be a consequence of long-lasting hypertension. The association between the presence of enlarged vessels at rhinoscopy with history of epistaxis in hypertensive patients is a novel observation that needs to be addressed in future observations.

Innervation of nasal turbinate blood vessels in rhinitic and nonrhinitic children.

An immunohistochemical study of the nasal mucosa was done in pediatric patients attending an otorhinolaringology (ORL) clinic. The goal was a comparison between vascular innervation in patients with or without symptoms of chronic rhinitis. All patients had an indication for tonsillectomy prior to their inclusion in this study. Samples were obtained under general anesthesia at the time of programmed surgery and fixed in a paraformaldehyde-picric acid mixture. Cryostat sections were immunostained for the following neuronal markers: protein-gene product 9.5 (PGP), calcitonin gene- related peptide (CGRP), substance P (SP), and C-terminal peptide of neuropeptide Y (CPON). The following classes of vessels were identified: arteries, sinusoids, veins, and arteriovenous anastomoses (AVAs). As shown by immunostaining with the general neuronal marker PGP, each vessel type had a characteristic innervation pattern, differing in the amount of fibers and their distribution within the adventitial and muscle layers. Evaluation of PGP, CPON, and CGRP immunoreactivity patterns indicated that rhinitic arteries and AVAs displayed a richer innervation than did nonrhinitic blood vessels. Quantification of vascular PGP immunostaining confirmed the difference of vascular innervation between nonrhinitic and rhinitic patients. Fibers immunostained by CPON partially accounted for the rhinitic arterial hyperinnervation.

[Immune complex detection in nasal mucosa of patients with chronic and permanent nasal obstruction]. / Detección de inmunocomplejos en mucosa nasal de pacientes con bloqueo nasal crónico y permanente.

Thirty patients with rhinologic problems and in which the main symptom was "Permanent Nasal Blockade" were studied. We found that they presented a "Permanent and Total Chronic Nasal Blockade"-an entity defined by us as a permanent chronic obstruction of the nasal cavities that would be the clinical and anatomopathologic expression and the immunological terminal phase of "Chronic Rhinitis", leading to Chronic Respiratory Nasal Insufficiency. The main symptoms of these "buccal breathers" were: throat dryness, night snores, nasal resonance of the voice, mechanic and secondary disturbances derived from mouth breathing, such as pharingitis, laryngitis, bronchitis, bronchial asthma and a tendency towards emphysema; dystrophia of the facial bones, disminution of the intellectual capacity, irritability, lack of concentration; disturbances of the circulatory function (alterations of the cardiac rhythm and of the blood pressure). The patients were adolescents and young adults in which allergic and infectious causes dominated the etiology, showed by family allergic and personal atopic antecedents, positive intradermic tests for aeroallergenes and bacteria and corroborated by increase of immunoglobulin E and of blood eosinophiles. The methods of diagnosis used to verify the "Permanent and Total Chronic Nasal Blockade" were: X-rays, lineal tomography; rhinomanometry and rhinofibrolaringoscopy. The anatomopathologic results obtained by nasal biopsy showed a lymphomonocitary infiltrate around arterioles and venules: signs of vasculitis. All this led us to search for immunocomplexes. The presence of positive immunocomplexes surrounding the vessels contributed to a more precise focusing of the physiopathology, diagnosis and treatment of "Permanent and Total Chronic Nasal Blockade".

Deteccion de inmunocomplejos en mucosa nasal de pacientes con bloqueo nasal cronico y permanente

Se estudiaron 30 pacientes con problemas rinológicos en los que el síntoma fundamental fue el "Bloqueo Nasal Permanente". Se comprobó que los mismos presentaban un B.N.C.T. y P., que es la entidad definida por nosotros como una obstrucción permanente y crónica de las fosas nasales y que sería la expresión clínica, an tomo patológica e immunológica terminal de una "Rinitis Crónica" que conlleva una Insuficiencia Respiratoria Nasal Crónica. Estos "respiradores bucales" presentaban síntomas fundamentales: sequedad de garganta, ronquidos nocturnos, resonancia nasal de la voz, con alteraciones en los órganos de la audición y del olfato; transtornos mec nicos y secundarios derivados del respirar por la boca bajo la forma de faringitis, laringitis. bronquitis, exacerbaciones del asma bronquial y tendencia al enfisema; distrofias en el esqueleto facial; disminución de la capacidad intelectual, irritabilidad, falta de concentración, transtornos de la función cardiovascular (extrasístoloes, variaciones en la presión arterial). Fueron adolescentes y adultos jóvenes, en los que las causas alérgicas e infecciosas dominaron la etiología, demonstrada por los antecedentes alérgicos familiares y personales de atropia, pruebas intradérmicas inmediatas positivas para aeroalergenos y bacterias, y corroborada por un aumento de la IgE y eosinófilos en sangre. Como métodos de diagnóstico para confirmar el B.N.C.T. y P. se usaron: radiografías y tomografias lineales; rinomanometrias y rinofibrolaringoscopías. Los hallazgos anatomopatológicos obtenidos por biopsia nasal fueron contundentes: gran infiltrado linfomonocitario alrededor de arteriolas y vénulas; signos de vasculitis en un alto porcentaje, lo que estimuló la búsqueda de inmunocomplejos. La presencia de inmunocomplejos positivos alrededor de los vasos confirmó el curso "desfavorable" de estas rinitis, aportando progresos en el enfoque fisiopatológico, diagnóstico y en el manejo terapéutico del B.N.C.T. y P.

Deteccion de inmunocomplejos en mucosa nasal de pacientes con bloqueo nasal cronico y permanente

Se estudiaron 30 pacientes con problemas rinológicos en los que el síntoma fundamental fue el "Bloqueo Nasal Permanente". Se comprobó que los mismos presentaban un B.N.C.T. y P., que es la entidad definida por nosotros como una obstrucción permanente y crónica de las fosas nasales y que sería la expresión clínica, an tomo patológica e immunológica terminal de una "Rinitis Crónica" que conlleva una Insuficiencia Respiratoria Nasal Crónica. Estos "respiradores bucales" presentaban síntomas fundamentales: sequedad de garganta, ronquidos nocturnos, resonancia nasal de la voz, con alteraciones en los órganos de la audición y del olfato; transtornos mec nicos y secundarios derivados del respirar por la boca bajo la forma de faringitis, laringitis. bronquitis, exacerbaciones del asma bronquial y tendencia al enfisema; distrofias en el esqueleto facial; disminución de la capacidad intelectual, irritabilidad, falta de concentración, transtornos de la función cardiovascular (extrasístoloes, variaciones en la presión arterial). Fueron adolescentes y adultos jóvenes, en los que las causas alérgicas e infecciosas dominaron la etiología, demonstrada por los antecedentes alérgicos familiares y personales de atropia, pruebas intradérmicas inmediatas positivas para aeroalergenos y bacterias, y corroborada por un aumento de la IgE y eosinófilos en sangre. Como métodos de diagnóstico para confirmar el B.N.C.T. y P. se usaron: radiografías y tomografias lineales; rinomanometrias y rinofibrolaringoscopías. Los hallazgos anatomopatológicos obtenidos por biopsia nasal fueron contundentes: gran infiltrado linfomonocitario alrededor de arteriolas y vénulas; signos de vasculitis en un alto porcentaje, lo que estimuló la búsqueda de inmunocomplejos. La presencia de inmunocomplejos positivos alrededor de los vasos confirmó el curso "desfavorable" de estas rinitis, aportando progresos en el enfoque fisiopatológico, diagnóstico y en el manejo terapéutico del B.N.C.T. y P. (AU)