Expression of Early Growth Response 3 in Skin Cancers.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the expression of early growth response 3 (EGR3) in normal skin and different types of skin tumors: cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), basal cell carcinoma (BCC), melanoma (MM), and cutaneous adnexal tumors containing sebaceous carcinoma (SC), trichoepithelioma (TE) and clear cell hidradenoma (CCH). BACKGROUND: EGR3, expressed in multiple organs, including skin, plays an important role in cell differentiation and tumor growth. Previous studies have shown that EGR3 suppresses tumor growth and is downregulated in various malignancies. However, its distribution in normal skin and its expression especially in skin tumors have not been studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Samples of normal cases (n = 4), cSCC (n = 12), BCC (n = 12), MM (n = 12), SC (n = 4), TE (n = 4), and CCH (n = 4) were collected from patients treated in our department between 2018 and 2023. Immunohistochemistry was used to investigate the expression of EGR3. The results were analyzed with the description of the staining pattern and the histochemical score. RESULTS: Immunohistochemical staining showed that EGR3 was uniquely expressed in normal skin in the granular layer and upper part of the stratum spinosum, as well as in sebaceous glands and hair follicles, but not in sweat glands. In skin cancers, BCC, SC, and TE showed positive EGR3 staining, whereas cSCC, MM, and CCH were negative. CONCLUSIONS: EGR3 has a specific expression pattern in normal skin and in skin tumors, which is important for the differential diagnosis of skin tumors, in particular for cSCC and sebaceous gland carcinoma.

Tumor of follicular infundibulum - reappraisal in a series of 28 patients with critical review of the literature.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Tumor of follicular infundibulum (TFI) has been described as a neoplasm - isolated and multiple - and in association with other lesions. Its histopathologic definition is controversial. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We present a histopathologically analyzed series of 28 patients with TFI features. This has been supplemented by a search in MEDLINE on the literature on this subject. The corresponding figures given in these articles have been discussed and analyzed. RESULTS: Patients comprised 16 women and twelve men. TFI features were seen in five patients with nevus sebaceous, two trichofolliculomas, one dilated pore Winer, eight viral warts, one dermatofibroma, six seborrheic keratoses, three actinic keratoses, one invasive squamous cell carcinoma, and one basal cell carcinoma in association with a squamous cell carcinoma/actinic keratosis. After study of the literature especially of solitary cases of TFI, we interpret such cases mostly as variants of seborrheic keratoses with variable degree of infundibular, isthmic and/or sebaceous differentiation with or without regression. CONCLUSIONS: We regard TFI as an epithelial growth pattern which may occur in hamartomatous, inflammatory, infectious, reactive, or neoplastic conditions, in most solitary forms likely best classified within the histopathological spectrum of seborrheic keratoses.

Carcinoma basocelular en el Área Sur de Salud de Tenerife. Características clínico-patológicas fundamentales y estado de los bordes tras exéresis / Basal Cell Carcinoma in the Southern Health Area of Tenerife. Key Clinical and Pathological Factors and Margin Status After Excision

Antecedentes y objetivo El tratamiento de elección inicial del carcinoma basocelular (CBC) es la escisión quirúrgica. Esta debería ser completa para reducir el riesgo de recidiva. Nuestro objetivo es conocer las características de los CBC en nuestra área de salud, el porcentaje de márgenes afectos, y los factores de riesgo para una resección quirúrgica incompleta. Material y métodos Estudio observacional retrospectivo de los CBC intervenidos en el Área de Salud del Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria entre el 1 de enero de 2014 y el 31 de diciembre de 2014. Recogemos datos demográficos, clínicos e histológicos, servicio responsable, abordaje quirúrgico y estado de los márgenes. Resultados Se diagnosticaron 966 CBC correspondientes a 776 pacientes, siendo el 9% biopsias, el 89% escisiones y el 2% rebanados. La mediana de edad fue de 71 años y el 52% eran hombres. La localización más frecuente fue la cara (59,1%). Se analizaron los márgenes quirúrgicos en 506 CBC. El 17% presentó afectación de márgenes. El porcentaje de márgenes afectos fue significativamente mayor en los tumores de la cara (22% cara vs. 10% otra localización) y en los de subtipo histológico de alto riesgo (OMS) (25% subtipo de alto riesgo vs. 15% bajo riesgo). Conclusiones Las características de nuestros pacientes con CBC se asemejan a las descritas previamente. La localización facial y el subtipo histológico son factores de riesgo para la resección incompleta del CBC. Por lo tanto, el abordaje quirúrgico inicial de los CBC con estas características ha de planearse de forma cuidadosa (AU)

Background and objective Surgical excision is the treatment of choice for basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Complete excision with clear margins is important for reducing the risk of recurrence. The aims of this study were to describe the characteristics of BCCs in our health care area, calculate the percentage of positive margins after surgical excision, and determine the risk factors for incomplete excision. Material and methods Retrospective observational study of BCCs that were surgically removed at Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, in Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain, between January 1, 2014 and December 31, 2014. Information was collected on demographic, clinical, and histologic variables, surgical approach, margin status, and the department responsible. Results In total, 966 BCCs were diagnosed in 776 patients. Nine percent of tumors with complete data were biopsied, 89% were surgically excised, and 2% were removed by shave excision. The median age of patients with excised tumors was 71 years and 52% were men. BCCs were most often located on the face (59.1%). Surgical margins were analyzed in 506 cases, 17% of which had positive margins. Incomplete excision was significantly more common in tumors located on the face (22% vs. 10% for other locations) and in high-risk subtypes according to the World Health Organization classification (25% vs. 15% for low-risk subtypes). Conclusions The characteristics of BCCs in our health care area are similar to those described elsewhere. Facial location and histologic subtype are risk factors for incomplete excision. Careful surgical planning is therefore important in the initial management of BCCs with these characteristics (AU)

[Translated article] Basal Cell Carcinoma in the Southern Health Area of Tenerife: Key Clinical and Pathological Factors and Margin Status After Excision / Carcinoma basocelular en el Área Sur de Salud de Tenerife: Características clínico-patológicas fundamentales y estado de los bordes tras exéresis

Background and objective Surgical excision is the treatment of choice for basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Complete excision with clear margins is important for reducing the risk of recurrence. The aims of this study were to describe the characteristics of BCCs in our health care area, calculate the percentage of positive margins after surgical excision, and determine the risk factors for incomplete excision. Material and methods Retrospective observational study of BCCs that were surgically removed at Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, in Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain, between January 1, 2014 and December 31, 2014. Information was collected on demographic, clinical, and histologic variables, surgical approach, margin status, and the department responsible. Results In total, 966 BCCs were diagnosed in 776 patients. Nine percent of tumors with complete data were biopsied, 89% were surgically excised, and 2% were removed by shave excision. The median age of patients with excised tumors was 71 years and 52% were men. BCCs were most often located on the face (59.1%). Surgical margins were analyzed in 506 cases, 17% of which had positive margins. Incomplete excision was significantly more common in tumors located on the face (22% vs. 10% for other locations) and in high-risk subtypes according to the World Health Organization classification (25% vs. 15% for low-risk subtypes). Conclusions The characteristics of BCCs in our health care area are similar to those described elsewhere. Facial location and histologic subtype are risk factors for incomplete excision. Careful surgical planning is therefore important in the initial management of BCCs with these characteristics (AU)

Antecedentes y objetivo El tratamiento de elección inicial del carcinoma basocelular (CBC) es la escisión quirúrgica. Esta debería ser completa para reducir el riesgo de recidiva. Nuestro objetivo es conocer las características de los CBC en nuestra área de salud, el porcentaje de márgenes afectos, y los factores de riesgo para una resección quirúrgica incompleta. Material y métodos Estudio observacional retrospectivo de los CBC intervenidos en el Área de Salud del Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria entre el 1 de enero de 2014 y el 31 de diciembre de 2014. Recogemos datos demográficos, clínicos e histológicos, servicio responsable, abordaje quirúrgico y estado de los márgenes. Resultados Se diagnosticaron 966 CBC correspondientes a 776 pacientes, siendo el 9% biopsias, el 89% escisiones y el 2% rebanados. La mediana de edad fue de 71 años y el 52% eran hombres. La localización más frecuente fue la cara (59,1%). Se analizaron los márgenes quirúrgicos en 506 CBC. El 17% presentó afectación de márgenes. El porcentaje de márgenes afectos fue significativamente mayor en los tumores de la cara (22% cara vs. 10% otra localización) y en los de subtipo histológico de alto riesgo (OMS) (25% subtipo de alto riesgo vs. 15% bajo riesgo). Conclusiones Las características de nuestros pacientes con CBC se asemejan a las descritas previamente. La localización facial y el subtipo histológico son factores de riesgo para la resección incompleta del CBC. Por lo tanto, el abordaje quirúrgico inicial de los CBC con estas características ha de planearse de forma cuidadosa (AU)

A single-mode tunable plasmonic sensor based on an 8-shaped resonator for cancer cell detection.

In this paper, a novel 8-shaped resonator coupled to metal-insulator-metal waveguides is used for designing plasmonic filters and sensors. The resonator supports two resonance modes, which result in peaks in the transmission spectrum of the structure. A Q-factor of 247.4 which can reach up to 270 at the wavelength of 1187.5 nm is observed. By placing vertical and horizontal metal blades in the resonator, two tunable single-mode plasmonic filters are obtained at the first and second resonance modes, respectively. The effect of structural parameters on the transmission spectrum is investigated using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. Based on the obtained results, the proposed plasmonic structure can be used for biosensing applications such as the detection of basal cancer cells with a sensitivity of 1200 nm/RIU. It is of great significance that both the sensitivity and Q-factor values for the proposed structure are higher than most recent sensors reported in the literature. Therefore, the proposed structure is a potentially promising candidate for filtering and sensing applications.

Infarction of basal cell adenoma of the parotid gland: First case report and literature review on CTNNB1 I35T mutations in salivary basal cell neoplasms.

Infarction has rarely been reported in some types of salivary gland tumors. In this study, we present the first case of infarction occurring in salivary basal cell adenoma. A 62-year-old male presented with swelling in the left parotid region. Histopathological examination revealed extensive central necrosis surrounded by a rim of viable tumor tissue showing the typical histology of basal cell adenoma. Nuclear ß-catenin expression and the CTNNB1 p.I35T (c.104 T > C) mutation were identified in the tumor. A diagnosis of basal cell adenoma with central necrosis was made, and the postoperative period was uneventful. In addition, we review the literature on CTNNB1 I35T mutations in basal cell neoplasms of the salivary glands. Awareness of the possible occurrence of infarction and the high frequency of the unique mutation in basal cell adenoma may help in the differential diagnosis of salivary gland tumors.

A rare case of cutaneous myxoma with trichofolliculoma-like features.

Carney complex is a rare genetic disorder associated with a number of cutaneous lesions, especially cutaneous myxomas. We present a rare case of cutaneous myxoma (superficial angiomyxoma) with trichofolliculoma-like features in a patient with Carney complex, and explore how the associated histopathology provides critical context for elucidating the etiology of this benign neoplasm.

Recurrent trichilemmal carcinoma of the periorbital region treated with IMRT radiotherapy: A case report and a review of literature.

RATIONALE: Trichilemmal carcinoma (TLC) is a rare malignant cutaneous adnexal tumor usually accept surgery. This report describes an elderly patient with recurrence TLC of the periorbital region after surgery who was subsequently treated with IMRT radiotherapy. After 2-years follow-up visit, there was no progress or metastasis. INTRODUCTION: TLC is a rare malignant cutaneous adnexal tumor. It usually occurs on sun-exposed areas in elderly people but rarely occurs in the periorbital region. Most cases accept surgery or micrographic Mohs surgery. Recurrence or metastasis of this neoplasm was seldom reported in the medical literature after enough tumor-free margin surgery. And radiotherapy was seldom reported in the treatment for patients of TLC. PATIENT CONCERNS: Here we report an elderly patient with recurrence TLC of the periorbital region after surgery who was subsequently treated with radiotherapy with a total dose of 66 Gy. Two years later, the patient was admitted head, neck, chest, abdomen CT scan, and no progress or metastasis was detected after 2-years follow-up. DIAGNOSIS: Trichilemmal carcinoma of the periorbital region. INTERVENTIONS: We describe the clinical characteristics, pathological features, and choice of examination methods of a patient with TLC in the periorbital region. And we use the radical radiotherapy to treat this case. OUTCOMES: There are no progress or metastasis after 2-years follow-up. CONCLUSION: Radiotherapy is a good option for patients with TLC if the patient refuses surgery or fails to achieve a satisfactory tumor-free margin or relapses after surgery.

A malignant proliferating trichilemmal cyst arising on the elbow of a man: A case report and review of the literature.

INTRODUCTION: Trichilemmal cysts (TCs) are common benign cysts that form from the hair follicles in the skin. Proliferating trichilemmal cysts (PTCs) are rare types of TCs characterized by rapid cellular proliferation. Malignant transformation of PTC (MPTC) is a rare adnexal tumor that account for <0.1% of all skin cancers. TCs and PTCs are benign tumors; however, MPTCs grow rapidly and are prone to metastasis. CASE PRESENTATION: A 77-year-old man was referred to our hospital with a solitary pinkish mass on his left elbow. Trichilemmal carcinoma arising from a PTC was confirmed through excisional biopsy, and wide excision was performed. One month postoperatively, a cystic mass was observed and was suspected to have local recurrence; however, bursitis was confirmed after excisional biopsy. After 1 year of follow-up, the patient maintained an improvement without recurrence or any other surgical complications. CONCLUSIONS: In addition to being a very rare disease, MTPC occurred in the elbow of a man who does not fit the general etiology; therefore, it is considered an interesting case, and we report this case for academic contribution.

CellMinerCDB: NCATS Is a Web-Based Portal Integrating Public Cancer Cell Line Databases for Pharmacogenomic Explorations.

Major advances have been made in the field of precision medicine for treating cancer. However, many open questions remain that need to be answered to realize the goal of matching every patient with cancer to the most efficacious therapy. To facilitate these efforts, we have developed CellMinerCDB: National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS; https://discover.nci.nih.gov/rsconnect/cellminercdb_ncats/), which makes available activity information for 2,675 drugs and compounds, including multiple nononcology drugs and 1,866 drugs and compounds unique to the NCATS. CellMinerCDB: NCATS comprises 183 cancer cell lines, with 72 unique to NCATS, including some from previously understudied tissues of origin. Multiple forms of data from different institutes are integrated, including single and combination drug activity, DNA copy number, methylation and mutation, transcriptome, protein levels, histone acetylation and methylation, metabolites, CRISPR, and miscellaneous signatures. Curation of cell lines and drug names enables cross-database (CDB) analyses. Comparison of the datasets is made possible by the overlap between cell lines and drugs across databases. Multiple univariate and multivariate analysis tools are built-in, including linear regression and LASSO. Examples have been presented here for the clinical topoisomerase I (TOP1) inhibitors topotecan and irinotecan/SN-38. This web application provides both substantial new data and significant pharmacogenomic integration, allowing exploration of interrelationships. SIGNIFICANCE: CellMinerCDB: NCATS provides activity information for 2,675 drugs in 183 cancer cell lines and analysis tools to facilitate pharmacogenomic research and to identify determinants of response.

[Diagnosis and treatment of benign eyelid tumors]. / Diagnose und Therapie der benignen Lidtumoren.

BACKGROUND: Benign tumors of the eyelids are frequent entities. They are often cause for cosmetic concern or can lead to irritation of the ocular surface. The differentiation from premalignant or malignant eyelid tumors is particularly important. In most cases this can be done clinically; however, in some cases histological evaluation is warranted. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this article is to characterize the most important benign tumors of the eyelid and to ascertain when a histological examination is necessary. Furthermore, fundamental treatment procedures are discussed. METHODS: This narrative review was prepared based on a selective literature search. The characteristics of some eyelid tumors are underlined with illustrations from clinical cases. RESULTS: Most benign eyelid tumors are treated because of cosmetic or functional concerns. Some of them, including actinic keratosis, keratoacanthoma, cutaneous horn, trichofolliculoma, resemble malignant lid tumors or precancerous lesions and are thus excised in oder to obtain a diagnosis. Dermoid cysts can cause complications and congenital melanocytic naevi can exhibit malignant transformation and may need treatment. Inflammatory tumors can be treated conservatively in most cases but might require surgery in certain cases. Systemic associations exist with some of the benign lid tumors and should not be overlooked as they can be crucial for overall patient morbidity. CONCLUSION: Benign tumors of the eyelids are frequent and can be found at any age depending on the diagnosis. This article describes the lesions most commonly encountered in the clinical routine and helps at making a plan for further management.

Differential response of luminal and basal breast cancer cells to acute and chronic hypoxia.

Hypoxia is linked to disease progression and poor prognosis in several cancers, including breast cancer. Cancer cells can encounter acute, chronic, and/or intermittent periods of oxygen deprivation and it is poorly understood how the different breast cancer subtypes respond to such hypoxia regimes. Here, we assessed the response of representative cell lines for the luminal and basal A subtype to acute (24 h) and chronic hypoxia (5 days). High throughput targeted transcriptomics analysis showed that HIF-related pathways are significantly activated in both subtypes. Indeed, HIF1⍺ nuclear accumulation and activation of the HIF1⍺ target gene CA9 were comparable. Based on the number of differentially expressed genes: (i) 5 days of exposure to hypoxia induced a more profound transcriptional reprogramming than 24 h, and (ii) basal A cells were less affected by acute and chronic hypoxia as compared to luminal cells. Hypoxia-regulated gene networks were identified of which hub genes were associated with worse survival in breast cancer patients. Notably, while chronic hypoxia altered the regulation of the cell cycle in both cell lines, it induced two distinct adaptation programs in these subtypes. Mainly genes controlling central carbon metabolism were affected in the luminal cells whereas genes controlling the cytoskeleton were affected in the basal A cells. In agreement, in response to chronic hypoxia, lactate secretion was more prominently increased in the luminal cell lines which were associated with the upregulation of the GAPDH glycolytic enzyme. This was not observed in the basal A cell lines. In contrast, basal A cells displayed enhanced cell migration associated with more F-actin stress fibers whereas luminal cells did not. Altogether, these data show distinct responses to acute and chronic hypoxia that differ considerably between luminal and basal A cells. This differential adaptation is expected to play a role in the progression of these different breast cancer subtypes.

A Conscious Minimally Invasive Approach to the Removal of a Trichofolliculoma in an American Guinea Pig: A Case Study.

Trichofolliculomas are the most common nonmalignant cutaneous tumors in guinea pigs. While the treatment of choice is surgical excision, complications may occur with general anesthesia and postoperative healing and discomfort after large tissue resection. We describe a case of a trichofolliculoma treated with a conscious, minimally invasive surgical procedure utilizing injectable lidocaine as local anesthetic, with no complications and excellent cosmetic results.

Trichoblastic carcinosarcoma of the neck: Case report and molecular analysis of a seldom, relapsing entity and a review of the literature.

Trichoblastic carcinosarcoma is a seldom biphasic adnexal tumor with malignant epithelial and mesenchymal components. The authors report the first tumor on the neck developed from preexistent trichoblastoma showing aggressive, recurrent behavior. An 82-year-old man presented with a solitary 3-cm exophytic lesion. Histology verified the diagnosis of trichoblastic carcinosarcoma. Four years earlier, a trichoblastic carcinoma arising in a preexisting trichoblastoma was excised at the same location. Despite successful surgical treatments, three local recurrences within 4 years were diagnosed. After the second relapse, the patient agreed on adjuvant radiation. Twelve months later, another relapse was excised in toto. In the last surgical specimen, only the mesenchymal component was found. Copy number variation analysis of the preexisting tumor and two recurrences revealed the same entity and additional chromosomal aberrations in the recurrences. Adnexal carcinosarcomas are seldom, yet presumably underdiagnosed biphasic tumors with aggressive growth potential. They should have adequate preoperative clarification with wide tumor excision, as radiosensitivity seems to be of limited effect.

Basal Cell Carcinoma.

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common cancer worldwide. Early identification can be made clinically, aided by dermoscopy, in addition to newer imaging technologies such as reflectance confocal microscopy. BCC most commonly demonstrates an indolent course responsive to local destruction or surgical removal. Mohs micrographic surgery is the most effective treatment, especially for high-risk tumors. Low-risk tumors may be amendable to nonsurgical treatment including topical and destructive therapies. Radiation therapy can be used in patients not amendable to surgery. Advanced and metastatic BCC can be treated with Hedgehog pathway inhibitors and other systemic agents with varying responses.