Hobbies, Distractions, Obsessions, and Addictions.

A career in cardiothoracic surgery takes a psychological and emotional toll, which is likely increased by recent changes in our health care environment. The benefits of leisure pursuits are severalfold, one of which includes supporting physician wellness. However, we are at risk of relying on unhealthy mechanisms to provide relief. The incidence of addiction and substance abuse is high, particularly among women surgeons. There are a variety of opportunities to help ourselves and support our colleagues. We need to promote healthy activities outside of our profession for the long-term well-being of cardiothoracic surgeons and our specialty.

Exploring the role of mindfulness on obligatory exercise among young athletes: mediating roles of obsessive passion and cognitive state anxiety.

Introduction: In the current trend toward youthfulness and age reduction in competitive sports, the issue of obligatory exercise among young athletes is becoming more severe. This not only affects their physical and mental health but also hampers their future prospects in the sports world. While delving into the impact of mindfulness on the issue of obligatory exercise among young athletes, it reveals the mediating role of obsessive passion and cognitive state anxiety. Methods: This study is a cross-sectional research that employs convenience and snowball sampling methods. We selected 403 young athletes from several universities and high-level sports teams in the central-southern region of China as valid samples and used AMOS v.23 to construct a structural equation model to validate the hypotheses. Results: The research findings indicate a significant positive correlation between obsessive passion, cognitive state anxiety, and obligatory exercise. Furthermore, obsessive passion and cognitive state anxiety mediate the relationship between mindfulness and obligatory exercise. This implies that young athletes can better regulate their emotional state during training, manage training loads sensibly, and avoid issues with obligatory exercise through mindfulness training. Discussion: In conclusion, to enhance the cognitive levels of young athletes and reduce their obligatory exercise behaviors, national sports authorities and coaching teams should develop reasonable mindfulness training programs for athletes and encourage their participation in mindfulness training.

Management of Rumination and Obsessions in Primary Care.

The Psychiatric Consultation Service at Massachusetts General Hospital sees medical and surgical inpatients with comorbid psychiatric symptoms and conditions. During their twice-weekly rounds, Dr Stern and other members of the Consultation Service discuss diagnosis and management of hospitalized patients with complex medical or surgical problems who also demonstrate psychiatric symptoms or conditions. These discussions have given rise to rounds reports that will prove useful for clinicians practicing at the interface of medicine and psychiatry.Prim Care Companion CNS Disord 2024;26(3):23f03653. Author affiliations are listed at the end of this article.

Cognitive Impulsivity in Anorexia Nervosa in Correlation with Eating and Obsessive Symptoms: A Comparison with Healthy Controls.

Impulsivity in eating disorders (ED) has been historically focused on bingeing-purging symptoms, evidencing lower levels in restricting subtypes. In the recent literature, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has been described as characterized by high cognitive impulsivity. This specific impulsivity factor has been rarely studied in anorexia nervosa (AN). In this study, 53 inpatients with anorexia nervosa and 59 healthy controls completed the following questionnaires: the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11), the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (OCI), the Eating Disorders Inventory-2 (EDI-2), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). AN individuals showed significantly increased levels of cognitive instability but no difference in global score and other subscales of impulsivity compared to the healthy controls. Among AN individuals, cognitive instability emerged as being associated with the global score and obsession subscale of the OCI. It was also significantly associated with interoceptive awareness and impulse regulation. Cognitive instability was the main predictor of obsessive thoughts and behaviors in AN. Our study supports the hypothesis of AN as being characterized by high cognitive instability and adds the result that the cognitive domain of impulsivity may be associated with the presence of obsessive symptoms, specifically obsessive thoughts.

Perfectionism, disordered eating and well-being in aesthetic sports: The mediating role of passion.

Aesthetic athletes face higher risks of disordered eating, and perfectionism is one of the determinants involved. While research suggests that perfectionism in sport may play a role in physical and psychological well-being, its influence remains to be confirmed. As such, further examination of the influence of perfectionism on health is warranted as it could lead to better interventions. This preregistered research sought to shed new light on these relationships by investigating the mediating role of passion in the perfectionism-disordered eating relationship as well as physical and psychological well-being in aesthetic sports. In Study 1, 229 American recreational and competitive athletes practicing either gymnastics (n = 150) or artistic swimming (n = 79) were recruited on MTurk to complete an online questionnaire. The same recruitment procedure was used for Study 2, with 107 American gymnasts (n = 69) and artistic swimmers (n = 38) completing the questionnaire at two timepoints, one year apart. Results from path analyses showed that socially prescribed perfectionism was associated with obsessive passion, which in turn was associated with disordered eating. Self-oriented perfectionism was associated with both obsessive and harmonious passion, the latter being more adaptative as it was associated with physical and psychological well-being. Thus, the way one engages in aesthetic sports matters, as engaging with obsessive passion may take a toll on one's health and lead to disordered eating. Conversely, fostering harmonious engagement seems to temper the negative associations between perfectionism and health outcomes and promote positive relationships with athlete's well-being, but requires further study.

Loneliness, Social Isolation, and Obsession with COVID-19 among Older Adults.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, older people were socially isolated for their protection against the virus impacting their mental health. Aiming to explore the role of loneliness and social isolation in the obsession with COVID-19 among older adults, we conducted an anonymous online survey with 300 older adults aged 65-80 years in South Korea between January and February 2023. The survey collected demographic information, past psychiatric history, medical disease, current psychological distress, and experiences related to COVID-19. Rating scales were the Obsession with COVID-19 Scale (OCS), Coronavirus Reassurance-seeking Behaviors Scale (CRBS), Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-6 items (SAVE-6), and Loneliness and Social Isolation Scale (LSIS). The regression analysis revealed that CRBS (ß = 0.55, p < 0.001) and SAVE-6 (ß = 0.34, p < 0.001) were significant predictors of obsession with COVID-19 (adjusted R2 = 0.63, F = 126.9, p < 0.001). Mediation analysis showed that loneliness and social isolation had a positive total effect on obsession with COVID-19, mediated by reassurance-seeking behavior and viral anxiety (Standardized Estimator = 0.21, standard error = 0.05, p < 0.001, 95% confidence interval 0.20-0.41). Loneliness and social isolation were found to be indirectly linked to obsession with COVID-19 through reassurance-seeking behavior and viral anxiety. The findings highlight the importance of addressing loneliness and social isolation among older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic to prevent obsession with COVID-19.

Duration of daily life activities in persons with and without obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Persons with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are often impaired in their daily level of functioning due to their time-consuming obsessions and/or compulsions. To date, however, studies are lacking that quantify how much time persons with OCD actually spend on activities of daily living. Therefore, the current study assessed 13 daily life activities (in minutes) with a self-report questionnaire in 299 persons with OCD at admission to inpatient treatment and 300 age- and sex-matched persons without OCD. A majority of persons with OCD indicated that they experienced obsessions and/or compulsions when leaving (84%) and cleaning (70%) the apartment, grocery shopping (66%), changing clothes (66%), and showering with (62%) and without (63%) shampooing. Persons with OCD who experienced obsessions and/or compulsions during a given daily life activity-but not those who did not experience obsessions and/or compulsions during these activities-reported longer durations for performing 10 of the 13 activities than persons without OCD. For most activities, longer durations related weakly but significantly to higher OCD symptom severity. Results indicate that the duration of daily life activities seems to depend more on whether persons with OCD experience obsessions and/or compulsions during a specific activity and less on whether a person is diagnosed with OCD in general. Future studies may use other assessment methods that allow for tracking the duration in daily life in real time.

Passion and performance anxiety: How it affects the incidence of musculoskeletal disorders in dancers.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to examine the association between the incidence of musculoskeletal disorder episodes (MDEs) and obsessive and harmonious passion as well as performance anxiety throughout a dance season, which lasted 38 weeks. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. METHODS: A total of 118 professional and preprofessional dancers were recruited and assessed at baseline, while 88 completed the follow-up. Their levels of passion and performance anxiety were assessed at the beginning of a dance season using the Passion Scale and the Kenny Music Performance Anxiety Inventory, respectively. To monitor the incidence of MDEs throughout a dance season, dancers were asked to complete a weekly electronic diary. RESULTS: A higher level of obsessive passion was associated with a higher incidence of MDEs causing an interruption of dance activities (ß = 0.264, p = 0.022). Harmonious passion and performance anxiety were not associated with MDEs throughout the season. CONCLUSIONS: Findings of this study support the role of obsessive passion in the development of MDEs in dancers.

Heavy Study Investment in Pre-adolescence and Adolescence: Psychometric Properties of the Studyholism Inventory (SI-10) / La fuerte inversión en el estudio en la preadolescencia y la adolescencia: propiedades psicométricas del Inventario de Obsesión con el Estudio (SI-10)

The Studyholism Inventory (SI-10) allows evaluating two types of Heavy Study Investment (Studyholism – or obsession toward study – and Study Engagement), and four kinds of student (engaged studyholics, disengaged studyholics, engaged students, detached students). We analyzed its psychometric properties in Italian pre-adolescents (n = 451) and adolescents (n = 446) and proposed its cut-off scores. Moreover, we investigated some demographic and study-related differences in studyholism and study engagement. The results supported the use of the SI-10 in pre-adolescents and adolescents. The fit indices are similar in the two samples (for adolescents, GFI = .98, RMSEA = .059). Moreover, we found a high prevalence of studyholism, especially in pre-adolescence (18.6%), and a decrease in study engagement in both genders from pre-adolescence to adolescence. In conclusion, the SI-10 might be used from pre-adolescence for research, preventive, and clinical purposes. Also, demographic-related results supported the definition of studyholism as an obsessive-compulsive related disorder.(AU)

El Inventario de Obsesión con el Estudio (SI-10) permite evaluar dos tipos de fuerte inversión en el estudio (obsesión con el estudio e implicación en el estudio), y cuatro tipos de estudiantes (obsesionados con el estudio implicados, obsesionados con el estudio desconectados, estudiantes implicados, estudiantes desinteresados). Analizamos sus propiedades psicométricas en preadolescentes italianos (n = 451) y adolescentes (n = 446) y propusimos sus puntuaciones de corte. Además, investigamos algunas diferencias demográficas relacionadas con el estudio en la obsesión y la implicación con el estudio. Los resultados avalan el uso del SI-10 en preadolescentes y adolescentes. Los índices de ajuste son similares en las dos muestras (para adolescentes, GFI = .98; RMSEA = .059). Asimismo, encontramos una gran prevalencia de la obsesión con el estudio, especialmente en la preadolescencia (18.6%) y una disminución en la implicación con el estudio en ambos sexos desde la preadolescencia hasta la adolescencia. En conclusión, el SI-10 podría usarse desde la preadolescencia con fines de investigación, preventivos y clínicos. Además, los resultados relacionados con la demografía confirman la definición de obsesión con el estudio como un trastorno relacionado con la obsesión-compulsión.(AU)

Pandemic grief in El Salvador: factors that predict dysfunctional grief due to a COVID-19 death among Salvadoran adults

Abstract Thousands of people have died of COVID-19 in El Salvador. However, little is known about the mental health of those who are mourning the loss of a loved one to COVID-19. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the dysfunctional grief associated with COVID-19 death among Salvadoran adults. A sample of 435 Salvadorans ( M = 29 years; SD = 8.75) who lost a family member or loved one to COVID-19 completed a digital survey using the Google Forms platform, during April 2 and 28, 2022. The results revealed that 35.1% reported clinically elevated symptoms of dysfunctional grief and among those mourners, and 25.1% also exhibited clinical levels of coronavirus anxiety. A binary logistic regression revealed that predictor variables such as COVID-19 anxiety ( p = .003), depression ( p = .021), and COVID-19 obsession ( p = .032) were significant ( χ 2 = 84.31; Nagelkerke R 2 = .242) and predict a 24.2% chance of dysfunctional bereavement.

Prevenção do suicídio: esquecimento do ser e era da técnica / Suicide prevention: forgetfulness of being and technical era / Prevención del suicidio: olvido del ser y la era de la técnica

Martin Heidegger, em sua ontologia, destaca uma característica específica da atualidade que atravessa o comportamento humano, na filosofia, na ciência ou no senso comum: o esquecimento do ser. O filósofo diferencia a época atual das demais épocas históricas. O horizonte histórico contemporâneo se desvela por meio do desafio e da exploração, da tentativa de controle e domínio dos acontecimentos, ao modo da disponibilidade e em função da produtividade. O filósofo esclarece que todo esse desenraizamento do homem atual está atrelado ao esquecimento daquilo que é o mais essencial, qual seja, a existência. A questão que norteia este estudo é apurar, por meio das referências de Heidegger e dos estudos sobre suicídio, o quanto a interpretação da morte voluntária nos dias atuais está atravessada por tal esquecimento. Pretendemos investigar o quanto as ações de prevenção desenvolvidas pela suicidologia se encontram atravessadas por tal esquecimento do ser do homem e, dessa forma, acabam por estabelecer relações entre ser e ente em uma consequente redução ao ente como invariante e atemporal. O caminho para investigar a questão iniciará por abordar, em maiores detalhes, a analítica existencial, a questão da técnica e o movimento de esquecimento do ser apontados por Heidegger a fim de problematizar as perspectivas científicas atuais sobre o suicídio em sua prevenção para, então, estabelecer uma compreensão fenomenológica e existencial sobre o referido fenômeno.(AU)

Martin Heidegger, in his ontology, highlights a specific characteristic of the present moment that crosses human behavior, in philosophy, science, or common sense: the forgetfulness of being. The philosopher differentiates the current age from other historical ages. The contemporary historical horizon is unveiled by the challenge and the exploration, from the attempt to control and dominate events, to the mode of standing reserve and in terms of productivity. The philosopher clarifies that all this uprooting of the current man is linked to the forgetfulness of what is the most essential, namely, the existence itself. The question that guides this study is to investigate, via Heidegger's references and studies on suicide, to what extent the interpretation of voluntary death today is crossed by such forgetfulness. We intend to investigate to what extent the prevention actions developed by suicidology are crossed by such forgetfulness of the human's being and, in this way, they end up establishing relationships between being and entity in a consequent reduction to entity as an invariant and timeless. The path to investigate the issue will start by addressing, in greater detail, the existential analytics, the question concerning technique and the movement of forgetting the being pointed out by Heidegger to problematize the current scientific perspectives on suicide and its prevention to, then, propose a phenomenological and existential understanding about the referred phenomenon.(AU)

Martin Heidegger en su ontología destaca una característica específica del presente que atraviesa el comportamiento humano, ya sea en la filosofía, la ciencia o el sentido común: el olvido del ser. El filósofo diferencia la época actual de otras épocas históricas. El horizonte histórico contemporáneo se devela el desafío y la exploración, el intento de controlar y dominar los eventos, en la modalidad de disponibilidad y en términos de productividad. Y así aclara que todo este desarraigo del hombre actual está involucrado en el olvido de lo más esencial, que es la existencia misma. A partir de las referencias a Heidegger y de los estudios sobre el suicidio, este estudio busca saber hasta qué punto la interpretación de la muerte voluntaria hoy está atravesada por este olvido. Pretendemos investigar en qué medida las acciones de prevención desarrolladas por la suicidología se encuentran atravesadas por el olvido del ser del hombre y, de esta manera, terminan por establecer relaciones entre el ser y el ente, en una consecuente reducción al ente como invariante y atemporal. Para investigar el tema se abordará inicialmente, con mayor detalle, la analítica existencial, la cuestión de la técnica y el movimiento del olvido del ser señalado por Heidegger para problematizar las perspectivas científicas actuales sobre el suicidio y su prevención y, luego, proponer una comprensión fenomenológica y existencial sobre el referido fenómeno.(AU)

Obsessive beliefs and uncertainty in obsessive compulsive and related patients

Background/objective: The aim of the present study was to examine obsessive beliefs and intolerance of uncertainty differences among patients Obsessive compulsive disoreder (OCD), trichotillomania, excoriation, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and a control group healthy.Method: 130 participants between the ages of 17 and 62 years (Mean = 29.56, SD = 11.81) diagnosed with OCD (n = 36), trichotillomania (n = 18), excoriation (n = 17), GAD (n = 31) and a healthy control group (n = 28) were evaluated by Obsessive Beliefs Spanish Inventory-Revised and Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale.Results: The trichotillomania group presented one of the highest obsessive beliefs highlighting over-importance of thoughts, thought action fusion-moral, importance of controlling one's thoughts. The OCD group also had higher scores in inflated responsibility and thought action fusion-likelihood. The GAD group excelled in inhibitory and prospective uncertainty. The level of depression influenced obsessive beliefs while anxiety affected inhibitory and prospective uncertainty.Conclusions: Cognitive variables such as obsessive beliefs and Intolerance of Uncertainty should be considered in the prevention and intervention of obsessive and anxiety disorders. (AU)

Relación entre síntomas psicopatológicos y funcionamiento familiar en adultos mayores víctimas de violencia familiar / Relationship between Psychopathological Symptoms and Family Functioning in Older Adults Victims of Family Violence

Introducción: Las familias son un soporte social importante para el bienestar de sus miembros, sobre todo los adultos mayores, quienes resultan vulnerables al maltrato intrafamiliar que pueden afectar su calidad de vida y generar síntomas psicopatológicos; sin embargo, existe poca evidencia científica de esta relación. Objetivo: Analizar la relación entre síntomas psicopatológicos y funcionamiento familiar en adultos mayores, víctimas de violencia familiar. Métodos: Estudio transversal, correlacional, en hospital distrital de La Esperanza, Trujillo, Perú, entre junio-octubre 2019. Población 170 adultos mayores asistidos en consulta psicológica, muestra por conveniencia de 151 adultos mayores: 84 víctimas y 67 no víctimas de maltrato. Los instrumentos empleados fueron cuestionario SCL-90 y APGAR familiar. Se procesaron los datos con el Coeficiente de correlaciones de Spearman, la fórmula de transformación de Rupinski y Dunlap y la q de Cohen. Resultados: El funcionamiento familiar tiene relación inversa con la somatización y depresión, en víctimas (r = -0,481; -0,536) y no víctimas de violencia familiar (r = -0,329; -0,387); las víctimas presentaron relaciones negativas del funcionamiento familiar con la obsesión-compulsión (r = -0,336), sensibilidad interpersonal (r = -0,314), ansiedad (r = -0,355), hostilidad (r = -0,435) e ideación paranoide (r = -0,511); la proporción de las diferencias entre las correlaciones de muestras arrojan un tamaño de efecto grande entre funcionamiento familiar e ideación paranoide y mediano entre hostilidad y funcionamiento familiar. Conclusiones: Existe correlación entre los síntomas psicopatológicos y funcionamiento familiar en adultos mayores víctimas y no víctimas de violencia familiar, con diferencias entre correlaciones de ambas muestras en la relación del funcionamiento familiar con la hostilidad y la ideación paranoide(AU)

Introduction: Families are an important social support for the welfare of their members, especially older adults, who are vulnerable to familial mistreatment, which can affect their quality of life and produce psychopathological symptoms; however, there is little scientific evidence about this relationship. Objective: To analyze the relationship between psychopathological symptoms and family functioning in older adults who are victims of family violence. Methods: Cross-sectional and correlational study carried out in La Esperanza district hospital, in Trujillo, Peru, between June and October 2019. The population was made up of 170 older adults attended in the psychological consultation. A convenience sample of 151 older adults was chosen: 84 victims and 67 non-victims of mistreatment. The instruments used were the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) and the Apgar-family questionnaires. Data were processed with Spearman's coefficient of correlation, Rupinski and Dunlap's transformation formula, and Cohen's q. Results: Family functioning showed inverse relationships with somatization and depression in victims (r=-0.481; -0.536) and non-victims of family violence (r=-0.329; -0.387). Victims presented negative relationships of family functioning with obsession-compulsion (r=-0.336), interpersonal sensitivity (r=-0.314), anxiety (r=-0.355), hostility (r=-0.435) and paranoid ideation (r=-0.511). The proportion of differences between sample correlations yielded a large effect size between family functioning and paranoid ideation, while it is average between hostility and family functioning. Conclusions: There is correlation between psychopathological symptoms and family functioning in older adult who are victims and non-victims of family violence, with differences between correlations of both samples in the relationship of family functioning with hostility and paranoid ideation, respectively(AU)

Ortorexia nervosa, comer intuitivo e comer positivo em nutricionistas, gastrólogos e população geral / Orthorexia nervosa, intuitive eating and positive eating in dietitians, graduates in Gastronomy and general population

Introdução - Ortorexia nervosa (ON) é um comportamento obsessivo de fixação pela "alimentação saudável", e alguns trabalhos apontam nutricionistas como um grupo vulnerável, mas não há a comparação dos comportamentos entre nutricionistas e outro grupo profissional que também trabalha com foco em alimentação; e a relação entre ON com aspectos intuitivos e positivos da alimentação ainda é pouco explorada. Objetivo - Comparar o comportamento de ON, comer intuitivo (CI) e comer positivo (CP) entre nutricionistas, gastrólogos e outras profissões; e avaliar a relação entre estes comportamentos e outros fatores. Métodos - Profissionais das áreas de Nutrição (n = 388), Gastronomia (n = 99) e outras profissões (n = 101), responderam à pesquisa on-line, contendo perguntas sociodemográficas, a Teruel Orthorexia Scale (TOS), Intuitive Eating Scale-2 (IES-2), Positive Eating Scale (PES), Questionário de comportamento de risco para Transtornos Alimentares, Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ-8B) ou Male Body Dissatisfaction Scale (MBDS). As propriedades psicométricas dos instrumentos foram previamente avaliadas por análise fatorial confirmatória, segundo parâmetros vigentes. Os escores das escalas TOS, IES-2 e PES foram comparados entre os grupos por meio do teste de Kruskal-Wallis e teste de correlação de Spearman foi realizado entre ON, CI e CP. Um modelo de análise de caminhos foi desenvolvido e testado para a amostra feminina (n = 536), para avaliar quais os fatores associados com o comportamento de ON. Resultados - A correlação entre ON e CI foi média e negativa, assim como para ON e CP (p < 0,001) para amostra total. Nutricionistas apresentaram menor pontuação para ON e maior para CI e CP, comparada com os demais grupos (p < 0,001), mas a análise de caminhos identificou que a profissão não explicou a variância dos achados para ON, e sim: preocupação com a forma corporal (ß = 0,450; p < 0,001), o comportamento de risco para transtornos alimentares (ß = 0,110; p = 0,004), o vegetarianismo (ß = 0,070; p = 0,045) e a idade (ß = 0,081; p < 0,007), que foram positivamente associados com ON, e o comer positivo foi negativamente associado (ß = -0,100; p < 0,001). Conclusão - Encontrou-se relação negativa da ON com CI e CP na amostra como um todo. Mas, apesar de nutricionistas apresentarem menor pontuação para ON e maior para CP e CI, em relação aos demais grupos, os resultados do modelo de análise de caminhos para a amostra feminina não confirmaram que a profissão esteve associada a comportamentos de ON - e sim especialmente preocupação com a forma corporal, comportamento de risco para transtornos alimentares e comer menos positivo.

Introduction - Orthorexia nervosa (ON) it is an obsessive behavior of fixation on "healthy eating", and some studies point to dietitians as a vulnerable group, but there is no comparison of behaviors between dietitians and another professional group that also works with a focus on food, and the relationship between ON with aspects intuitive and positive aspects of eating is still little explored. Aim - Compare the behavior of ON, intuitive eating (CI) and positive eating (CP) among dietitians, graduates in Gastronomy and other professions, and to evaluate the relationship between these behaviors and other factors. Methods - Professionals from the areas of Nutrition (n = 388), Gastronomy (n = 99) and other professions (n = 101), answered the online survey, containing sociodemographic questions, the Teruel Orthorexia Scale (TOS), Intuitive Eating Scale (IES-2), Positive Eating Scale (PES), Risk Behavior Questionnaire for Eating Disorders, Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ-8B) or the Male Body Dissatisfaction Scale (MBDS). The psychometric properties of the instruments were previously evaluated by confirmatory factor analysis, according to current parameters. The scores of the TOS, IES-2 and PES scales were compared between the professional groups using the Kruskal-Wallis test and Spearman correlation was used to the correlations between ON, CI and CP. A path analysis model was developed and tested for the female sample (n = 536), to assess which factors were associated with ON behavior. Results - The correlation between ON and CI was moderate and negative, as well as for ON and CP (p < 0.001) for the total sample. Dietitians had a lower score for ON and a higher score for IC and CP, compared to the other groups (p < 0.001), but the path analysis identified that the profession did not explain the variance of the findings for ON, but: body shape concern (ß = 0.450; p < 0.001), vegetarianism (ß = 0.070; p = 0.045), risk behavior for eating disorders (ß = 0.110; p = 0.004) and age (ß = 0.081; p < 0.007) , which were positively associated with ON, and positive eating was negatively associated (ß = -0.100; p < 0.001). Conclusion - The expected negative relationship between ON and CI and CP in the sample was confirmed. But, although dietitians had lower scores for ON and higher scores for CP and CI, in relation to the other groups, the results of the structural model for the female sample did not confirm that the profession was associated with ON behavior but especially body shape concern, risk behavior for eating disorders and less positive eating.

Prevalencia de la Ortorexia Nerviosa en estudiantes universitarios españoles: relación con la imagen corporal y con los trastornos alimentarios / Prevalence of Orthorexia Nervosa in Spanish university students: relationship with body image and eating disorders

Antecedentes: El objetivo de este estudio fue examinar la prevalencia de la Ortorexia Nerviosa (ON), y analizar su relación con la imagen corporal y conductas características de los Trastornos de la Conducta Alimentaria (TCA), en estudiantes universitarios. Método: Estudio transversal en el que participaron 534 estudiantes universitarios españoles, 422 mujeres y 112 hombres, con una edad media de 22.04 años (DT = 3.41). Se administraron los siguientes instrumentos: cuestionarios variables sociodemográficas y de hábitos alimentarios, el cuestionario ORTO-11-Es, la Teruel Ortorexia Scale (TOS), el Multidimensional Body Shape Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ-45) y el Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26). Resultados: El 30.5% de los estudiantes presentó un alto riesgo de ON. Se observaron mayores tendencias ortoréxicas en mujeres. El grupo que presentaba alto riesgo de ON frente al de bajo riesgo mostró un IMC medio-alto, seguían en mayor medida una alimentación de tipo vegano/vegetariano y presentaban puntuaciones significativamente superiores en el MBSRQ-45 (p < .00) y el EAT-26 (p < .00). Conclusiones: Los resultados obtenidos muestran una elevada prevalencia de ON en estudiantes universitarios y su relación con una peor imagen corporal, una mayor preocupación por el aspecto físico y con conductas características de los TCA.(AU)

Background: The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of ON and analyze its relationship with self-image and ED behavior in university students. Method: Cross-sectional study with a sample of 534 Spanish university students, 422 women and 112 men with an age mean of 22.04 (SD = 3.41). Questionnaires administered: a sociodemographic and lifestyle questionnaire, the ORTHO-11-Es, the Teruel Orthorexia Scale (TOS), the Multidimensional Body Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ-45) and the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26). Results: 30.5% of the sample were on high risk of developing ON. Higher orthorexic tendencies were observed in women. Those at high risk of ON showed higher BMI, higher proportion of veganism/vegetarianism and significantly higher scores on the MBSRQ-45 (p < .00) and EAT-26 (p < .00). Conclusions: Results showed a high prevalence of ON and its relationship with a worse self-image, concern with physical appearance and ED behaviors.(AU)

Mental health of Brazilian university students during the Covid-19 / Saúde mental dos estudantes universitários brasileiros durante a pandemia de Covid-19 / Salud mental de estudiantes universitarios brasileños durante la pandemia Covid-19

This study aimed to investigate the effects of positive and negative affects, anxiety, and obsessive and compulsive thoughts and behaviors on Brazilian university students during the Covid-19 pandemic. Participated in this study 492 students, aged 18 years or over, from all regions of the country. The survey was conducted between April and May 2020, using self-report instruments applied in the online format. The results indicated that 37% (N=182) of the students had a high level of anxiety and 46.1% (N=227) moderate levels for obsessive and compulsive thoughts and behaviors. In addition, it was found that positive affects were negatively correlated with anxiety, as well as with obsessive and compulsive thoughts and behaviors, while negative affects were positively correlated with independent variables. It is concluded that the mental health of university students must be monitored during pandemics.

Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar os efeitos dos afetos positivos e negativos, da ansiedade e dos pensamentos e comportamentos obsessivos e compulsivos nos estudantes universitários brasileiros durante a pandemia da Covid-19. Participaram deste estudo 492 estudantes de todas as regiões do país e com idades a partir de 18 anos. A pesquisa foi realizada entre os meses de abril e maio de 2020, por meio de instrumentos de autorrelatos aplicados no formato on-line. Os resultados indicaram que 37% (N = 182) dos estudantes apresentaram alto nível de ansiedade e 46,1% (N = 227) níveis moderados para os pensamentos e comportamentos obsessivos e compulsivos. Além disso, verificou-se que os afetos positivos se relacionaram negativamente à ansiedade, assim como se relacionaram negativamente aos pensamentos e comportamentos obsessivos e compulsivos, enquanto os afetos negativos se relacionaram positivamente às variáveis independentes. Conclui-se que a saúde mental dos estudantes universitários deve ser monitorada durante pandemias.

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar los efectos de los afectos positivos y negativos, la ansiedad y los pensamientos y comportamientos obsesivos y compulsivos en estudiantes universitarios brasileños durante la pandemia de Covid-19. En este estudio participaron 492 estudiantes de todas las regiones del país y mayores de 18 años. La encuesta se realizó entre los meses de abril y mayo de 2020, utilizando instrumentos se autoinforme aplicados en formato online. Los resultados indicaron que el 37% (N = 182) de los estudiantes tenían niveles altos de ansiedad y el 46,1% (N = 227) niveles moderados de pensamientos y comportamientos obsesivos y compulsivos. Además, se encontró que los afectos positivos se correlacionaron negativamente con la ansiedad, así como el pensamiento y el comportamiento obsesivo y compulsivo se correlacionaron negativamente, mientras que los afectos negativos se correlacionaron positivamente con variables independientes. Se concluye que la salud mental de los estudiantes universitarios debe ser monitoreada durante las pandemias.

Orthorexia, muscle dysmorphia and exercise addiction: comparison between amateur running, fitness functional and bodybuilding athletes / Ortorexia, dismorfia muscular e dependência ao exercício: comparação entre atletas amadores de corrida de rua, functional fitness e bodybuilding

This study aimed to compare the degree of exercise addiction (EA), muscle dysmorphia and signs of orthorexia according to the type of exercise, age, practice time and weekly training frequency. It was a cross-sectional study with 159 (running = 38, Fitness Functional = 85 and bodybuilding = 35), amateur athletes of both sexes, aged over 18 years and with at least 3 months of practice in the exercise. The following instruments were used: Dedication to Exercise Scale, Ortho15 and Complex in Adonis Questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted through Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA), using age as a covariate (p<0.05). The main finding of the present investigation was that individuals who practiced exercise more than 5 times per week presented higher total score of EA, muscle dysmorphia and orthorexia (p<0.05). However, no differences were observed in the total score of EA between sex and type of exercise. It can be concluded that recreational athletes who exercise more than five times per week showed higher EA, orthorexia and muscle dysmorphia. (AU)

Este estudo teve como objetivo comparar o grau de dependência de exercícios (DE), dismorfia muscular e sinais de ortorexia de acordo com o tipo de exercício, idade, tempo de prática e frequência semanal de treinamento. Foi um estudo transversal com 159 (corredores = 38, fitness funcional = 85 e musculação = 35), atletas amadores de ambos os sexos, com idade superior a 18 anos e com pelo menos 3 meses de prática no exercício. Foram utilizados os seguintes instrumentos: Escala de Dedicação ao Exercício, Questionário Orto-15 e o Questionário de Complexo em Adônis. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio da Análise de Covariância (ANCOVA), utilizando a idade como covariável (p<0,05). O principal achado da presente investigação foi que indivíduos que praticavam exercícios mais de 5 vezes por semana apresentaram maior pontuação total de IA, dismorfia muscular e ortorexia (p<0,05). No entanto, não foram observadas diferenças no escore total da DE entre sexo e tipo de exercício. Pode-se concluir que atletas recreativos que se exercitam mais de cinco vezes por semana apresentaram maior DE, ortorexia e dismorfia muscular. (AU)

Pensamento fanático: 1984/2020 / Phantastic thinking: 1984/2020 / Pensamiento fanático: 1984/2020

O presente trabalho propõe o estudo de alguns aspectos relacionados aos preconceitos e ao pensamento fanático, partindo da descrição do "duplipensar" feita por George Orwell em seu livro 1984. Assim, o trabalho se detém no vértice que estuda esses fenômenos do ponto de vista de distúrbios nos processos de pensamento, destacando a dificuldade em estabelecer causas específicas. A importância dos fatores sócio-culturais é discutida, na medida em que não existimos isoladamente. Da mesma forma, a presença desses fenômenos nas instituições psicanalíticas também é abordada, concluindo com alguns tópicos para futuras discussões sobre o tema (AU)

This work proposes to study some aspects related to prejudices and fanatical thinking, having as a starting point the description of "doublethinking" made by George Orwell in his book 1984. The essay therefore focuses on the authors that study these phenomena from the point of view of abnormalities in the thought processes, highlighting the difficulty in establishing specific causes. The importance of socio-cultural factors is discussed, as we do not exist in isolation. Likewise, the presence of these phenomena in psychoanalytic institutions is also addressed, concluding with some topics for future discussions (AU)

El presente trabajo propone el estudio de algunos aspectos relacionados con los prejuicios y el pensamiento fanático, a partir de la descripción del doblepensar hecha por George Orwell en su libro 1984. Así, el trabajo se detiene en el vértice que estudia estos fenómenos desde el punto de vista de las perturbaciones en los procesos de pensamiento, destacando la dificultad para establecer causas específicas. Se discute la importancia de los factores socioculturales, ya que no existimos de forma aislada. Asimismo, se aborda también la presencia de estos fenómenos en las instituciones psicoanalíticas, concluyendo con algunos temas para futuras discusiones sobre la cuestión (AU)