ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Play is an indication of children's development and how they function. In occupational therapy it is regarded as an important occupation of childhood. Assessment of a child's play should be included in the test batteries of occupational therapists, who understand the construct validity of the assessment they have chosen. Our aim was to provide evidence of reliability, internal consistency and hypotheses testing of the construct validity of the cross-culturally adapted version of the Child-Initiated Pretend Play Assessment. METHODS: Two hundred typically developing Brazilian children aged 3 years were evaluated individually using the Child-Initiated Pretend Play Assessment. RESULTS: The internal consistency showed a Cronbach's alpha coefficient to Percentage of Pretend Play Actions (PEPA) of 0.86 and NOS of 0.81. There were significant differences between the younger children (aged 36-41 months) and the older children (aged 42-47 months) for elaborate play across both conventional-imaginative play (p = .002), symbolic play (p = .012), and the combined score (p = .005). There were significant differences between younger and older girls for elaborate play with symbolic play materials (p = .009) and elaborate play overall (p = .039). There were significant differences between young and older boys for elaborate play with conventional toys (p = .006) and elaborate play overall (p = .025). There were no significant differences for object substitution or imitated actions. CONCLUSION: The measurement properties of the cross-culturally adapted version of the Child-Initiated Pretend Play Assessment for 3-year-old Brazilian children identified evidence for response processes, internal structure, with discussion of consequences of testing for 3-year-old Brazilian children.
Subject(s)
Occupational Therapy/methods , Play and Playthings , Age Factors , Child Day Care Centers , Child Development , Child, Preschool , Cross-Sectional Studies , Cultural Competency , Female , Humans , Male , Occupational Therapy/standards , Reproducibility of Results , Sex FactorsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Play is essential to child development, and its evaluation is considered valid to indicate the stage of development of the child and indicate possible lagging. The Revised Knox Preschool Play Scale (RKPPS) provides an evolving description of the typical play behavior of preschool children, in six-month periods from zero to three years of age and then in annual periods up to six years of age. The RKPPS has already undergone the process of cultural adaptation for use in the Brazilian population, and it is necessary to analyze its applicability. AIMS: To verify the reliability and internal consistency of the RKPPS for Brazilian children. METHOD: 135 children participated in the study, divided into different age groups with 15 in each group, and were filmed during free play in school or home contexts. Two independent raters evaluated the footage from two different times. Based on these evaluations, a statistical analysis was carried out in order to ascertain the reliability and the internal consistency of the Brazilian version of the RKPPS. RESULTS: Intra- and interrater reliability showed a predominance of near-perfect to moderate agreement; however, some dimensions of certain age groups presented reasonable to poor agreement. The internal consistency was found to be satisfactory for most of the items evaluated; however, there were items with poor results in some dimensions of certain age groups. CONCLUSIONS: There is a need for further analysis of these items by a committee of experts to ensure the reproducibility of the instrument.
Subject(s)
Occupational Therapy/standards , Play and Playthings/psychology , Surveys and Questionnaires/standards , Brazil , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Psychometrics/statistics & numerical data , Reproducibility of Results , Space Perception , TranslatingSubject(s)
Biomedical Research/standards , Occupational Therapy/standards , Physical Therapy Modalities/standards , Research Support as Topic/standards , Speech-Language Pathology/standards , Biomedical Research/statistics & numerical data , Brazil , Humans , Physical Education and Training , Research Support as Topic/statistics & numerical dataSubject(s)
Humans , Speech-Language Pathology/standards , Occupational Therapy/standards , Physical Therapy Modalities/standards , Biomedical Research/standards , Physical Education and Training , Research Support as Topic/standards , Research Support as Topic/statistics & numerical data , Brazil , Biomedical Research/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
O excesso de peso na adolescência vem se tornando problema de saúde pública e é considerado de causa multifatorial, gerando conseqüências que podem prejudicar o desempenho de ocupações em várias áreas da vida dos sujeitos. Objetivo: Identificar as atividades-problema no desempenho ocupacional de adolescentes escolares com sobrepeso/obesidade. Procedimentos Metodológicos: Estudo transversal e descritivo, realizado com adolescentes de 13 a 18 anos de uma escola privada da cidade do Recife. Foi aplicado um formulário contendo dados sobre as variáveis independentes e para classificação de sobrepeso/obesidade foi realizada a medição do Índice de Massa Corporal, enquanto que o desempenho ocupacional foi avaliado a partir da Medida Canadense de Desempenho Ocupacional. Resultados: Da amostra inicial de 86 adolescentes, 14 estiveram acima do peso, sendo 10 com sobrepeso e 4 obesidade. Atividades sedentárias, consumo alimentar inadequado e prática de atividade física, foram variáveis relevantes. As atividades-problema mais relatadas foram referentes aos domínios: funcionamento na comunidade, mobilidade funcional, escola e recreação ativa. Conclusões: Foram verificadas dificuldades no desempenho ocupacional dos adolescentes com sobrepeso/obesidade, principalmente nas atividades produtiva e do lazer.
Overweight in adolescence is becoming a public health problem, has multifactorial causes and generatesconsequences that may impair the performance of occupations in various areas of life of the subjects. Objective: To identify the problem-activities of adolescents who attend school and whoare overweight/obese. Methodological Procedures: A crosssectional and descriptive study of adolescents aged 13 18 years attending a private school in the city of Recife. A questionnaire was applied requiring data on the independent variables; Body Mass Index was calculated for the classifi cation of overweight/obesity, and occupational performance was assessed by the Canadian Measurement of Occupational Performance. Results: Of the initial sample of 86 adolescents, 14 presented excess weight, 10 of them being overweight and 4 obese. Sedentary activities, inadequate consumption of food and insuffi cient physical activity were important variables. The problem activities most frequently reported fell within the domains: functioning in the community,functional mobility, school and active recreation. Conclusions: Diffi culties were found in the occupational performance of the adolescents with overweight/obesity, mainly in their productive and leisure activities.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Activities of Daily Living , Obesity , Overweight , Overweight/ethnology , Brazil/epidemiology , Nutritional Status/ethnology , Occupational Therapy/standards , Nutrition Disorders/complications , Nutrition Disorders/prevention & controlABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Addressing human rights issues brings forth ethical and political responsibilities for occupational therapists and requires new epistemological and educational approaches. The way occupational therapists have faced these challenges has depended upon historical, cultural and social contexts. AIM AND METHOD: By means of literature review and historical analysis, this paper reflects on how occupational therapists have dealt with human matters issues and on the contemporary changes within the profession. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The paper portrays how Latin American occupational therapists have engaged in social transformation by choosing not to transform ethical and political problems into technical matters. Taking into account experiences and views from South Africa, Brazil and Chile, the paper outlines the importance of developing political literacy and interdisciplinary professional/postprofessional education to prepare the new generation of occupational therapists to engage in social transformation. Addressing issues of invisibility and lack of access to human rights, the paper reflects on the need of developing conceptual tools and strategies for change, and discusses the transformations being produced in contemporary occupational therapy. CONCLUSION: Occupational therapists and scientists need to be attentive to human rights issues. They also need to answer the call for interconnectedness in the present-day complex societies, and engage in networking and a cross-bordering dialogue. Nevertheless, although necessary and welcome, international cooperation requires a permanent exercise of cultural sensitivity, political awareness and self-awareness.
Subject(s)
Human Rights , Occupational Therapy/ethics , Patient Advocacy/ethics , Social Change , Cultural Competency , Humans , International Cooperation , Latin America , Occupational Therapy/standards , Patient Advocacy/standards , Politics , Social SupportABSTRACT
El presente trabajo tiene por propósito sistematizar el proceso de reflexión, análisis y síntesis que hemos llevado a cabo en relación al desarrollo científico y académico de la Terapia Ocupacional. Da cuenta de los problemas que nos plateamos a partir de la creación de una nueva Escuela de Terapia Ocupacional en la Universidad Austral de Chile y propone una nueva forma para la comprensión de la Ocupación como objeto de estudio de la disciplina académica que sustente la práctica de la Terapia Ocupacional. Esta propuesta se presenta como el resultado de la síntesis de diferentes elementos propuestos por otros autores, en el marco de la tradición de la disciplina, así también como un punto de partida para la construcción de una ciencia que a la vez rescate los aportes de otros y permita la creación propia.
The purpose of the following article is to systematize the process of reflexion, analysis, and synthesis that we've lead regarding the scientific and academic development of Occupational Therapy. This work summarizes the issues which surfaced while creating a new Occupational Therapy program at Universidad Austral de Chile. It also proposes a new way of understanding Occupation, as the object of the academic research which sustains the practice of Occupational Therapy. The authors present this proposal as the result of the synthesis of different elements proposed by other authors in the framework of discipline's tradition, as well as a starting point for the development of a science which permits both taking knowledge from others and creating its own.
Subject(s)
Humans , Occupations , Occupational Therapy/education , Occupational Therapy/trends , Chile , Models, Psychological , Professional Practice , Research , Science , Social Behavior , Social Environment , Occupational Therapy/standardsABSTRACT
This article deals with the results obtained from 1995 to 1997 by an innovative occupational rehabilitation model for individuals with repetitive strain injury/work related musculoskeletal disorder (RSI/WRMD), developed by the Campinas Occupational Rehabilitation Center under the Brazilian National Institute for Social Security. The study had two objectives: 1) to reconstruct the program as a precondition for evaluation and 2) to evaluate the model's effectiveness in reestablishing the autonomy of individuals with RSI/WRMD. The methodology involved document analysis in order to reconstruct the program's background in terms of problem identification, organizational participation, awareness-raising, staff characteristics and responsibilities, and profile of the clientele. An analysis of 221 patient files provided the basis for constructing an evaluative instrument consisting of different dimensions, variables, and indicators, which was applied to a sample of 47 patient histories prior and subsequent to rehabilitative intervention. High effectiveness was observed in the model, with variations in the different target dimensions.
Subject(s)
Cumulative Trauma Disorders/rehabilitation , Occupational Diseases/rehabilitation , Occupational Therapy/standards , Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care/standards , Adult , Brazil , Educational Status , Female , Humans , Male , Treatment Outcome , Work Capacity EvaluationABSTRACT
A oficina tem por objetivos: relatar o processo histórico de elaboração e implantação do primeiro currículo mínimo do curso até as diretrizes curriculares nacionais dos cursos de terapia ocupacional do Brasil; identificar os parâmetros centrais que sustentam as diretrizes curriculares nacionais dos cursos de terapia ocupacional do Brasil; analisar os desdobramentos e as implicações das diretrizes nos cursos já existentes e nos cursos a serem criados no país; as estratégias centrais de implantação das diretrizes no campo da formação docente, organização e estruturação curricular, metodologia de ensino/aprendizagem, formação continuada, perfil de egressos a partir da teoria dos currículos, discutir experiências acadêmicas de cursos no processo de implantação das diretrizes curriculares nacionais do curso de terapia ocupacional.