Dos películas de 1978, pioneras de la Nutrición Artificial en España / Two films made in 1978, seminal work in Artificial Nutrition in Spain

Se han recuperado dos películas filmadas en el Hospital Ramón y Cajal en 1978. Una se titula NUTRICION PARENTERAL Y ENTERAL EN UN FISTULA YEYUNAL ALTA y la otra INTESTINO ARTIFICIAL (NUTRICION PARENTERAL AMBULANTE). Son dos obras pioneras en la nutrición artificial en España. Se hacen amplios comentarios sobre la temática de las películas y su importancia en el momento actual. En las fistulas yeyunales altas la nutrición artificial, parenteral y enteral, es indicación princeps, con eficacia comprobada. En la película "NUTRICION PARENTERAL AMBULANTE" se muestra un modelo de nutrición parenteral ambulatoria bastante similar al actual. Se ofrece el link para poder visualizar ambas películas

Two 16 mm films made in Hospital Ramon y Cajal in 1978 have been recovered. One is titled PARENTERAL AND ENTERAL NUTRITION IN A HIGH OUTPUT JEJUNAL FISTULA and the other ARTIFICIAL NUTRITION (AMBULATORY PARENTERAL NUTRITION). These two films are seminal work in artificial nutrition in Spain. Comments are made about the argument of both films and its importance at the present time. Artificial nutrition in high output jejunal fistulas is a main indication with demonstrated efficacy. In the film ARTIFICIAL NUTRITION (AMBULATORY PARENTERAL NUTRITION) a model quite similar to the one used at the present time is exposed. A link to both films is offered

Historia de la nutrición clínica española (1): Nutrición artificial y su incorporación al ámbito clínico español / The development of clinical nutrition in Spain (1): integrating artificial nutrition into the Spanish clinical setting

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Historia de la Nutrición Clínica Española (2): La contribución de SENPE y de la revista Nutrición Hospitalaria / The development of clinical nutrition in Spain (2): the contribution of SENPE and «Nutrición Hospitalaria» journal

Se aborda la aportación que ha realizado la Sociedad Española de Nutrición Parenteral y Enteral (SENPE) a la nutrición clínica, a través del análisis de los principales elementos que han configurado su proyecto de asociacionismo científico: los inicios y el contexto científico y asistencial que determinó su puesta en marcha, las características y la evolución de los socios y de las juntas directivas, los congresos y las reuniones científicas organizadas, la importancia que ha adquirido la revista Nutrición Hospitalaria como referente para la comunicación científica en el ámbito de las ciencias de la nutrición y las actividades encaminadas a promover la investigación y la formación continuada (grupos de trabajo, publicaciones, etc.) (AU)

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Hallmarks in the history of enteral and parenteral nutrition: from antiquity to the 20th century.

Parenteral nutrition (PN) and enteral nutrition (EN) have a very long history, emerging in the ancient world and developing throughout the common epoch. This history dates back as far as 3500 bc to the ancient Egyptians, Indians, and Chinese. Their medical practices were the first reports of enteral feeding therapy, provided via rectum with enemas of wine, milk, whey, wheat, and barley. Hippocrates and Plato, in ancient Greece, were the first personalities to emphasize the importance of diet on health. In the following centuries, Erasistratus and Herophilus described the first notion of the circulatory system, and Oribasius and Celsus described the role of nutrition and disease. There is a great historical gap between the times of Galen (2nd century), who elaborated on the circulatory system; Ibn Zuhr (12th century), who constructed the first model of PN; and Capivacceus (16th century), who placed the first tube for EN. The 17th-19th centuries showed major developments in modern nutrition elements. Steps toward artificial nutrition began in 1628 with the detailed description of blood circulation by William Harvey; however, most of the advances in enteral and parenteral feeding techniques, solutions, and formulas took place in the 20th century. Over the last decade of the 20th century, research focused on metabolic control, multitude formulas, timing and the combination of EN and PN for intensive care patients.

An essential infusion for an essential organ.

Essential amino acid-based parenteral nutrition (PN) was found to be superior to hypertonic dextrose for patients with acute renal failure in a classical randomized trial that was published in 1973. However, subsequent trials were not able to duplicate this finding when this formulation was compared to hypertonic dextrose or to standard amino acid-based PN. As a result, this intervention has not been recommended in various guidelines for the nutrition support of patients with renal failure. However, all of these trials were relatively small, and none of them compared the intervention to a true control group-namely, patients who were not receiving any artificial nutrition. Because no trials have compared any form of artificial nutrition to no nutrition support in patients with acute renal failure, there really is no basis on which to make any level 1 evidence-based recommendation. Furthermore, a close look at all of the trials suggests that the essential amino acid-based formulation may be superior to the other types of intravenous nutrient supplementation to which it was compared. To determine whether this should be offered to patients with acute renal failure, we need data from one or more large, well-designed and executed, low risk of bias randomized trial(s) comparing essential amino acid-based PN to no nutrition therapy.

Nutrition in critical care.

Critical care has evolved from a prolonged recovery room stay for cardiac surgery patients to a full medical and nursing specialty in the last 5 decades. The ability to feed patients who cannot eat has evolved from impossible to routine clinical practice in the last 4 decades. Nutrition in critically ill patients based on measurement of metabolism has evolved from a research activity to clinical practice in the last 3 decades. The authors have been involved in this evolution and this article discusses past, present, and likely future practices in nutrition in critically ill patients.

Effect of glutamine-supplemented parenteral nutrition on mortality in critically ill patients.

Glutamine is recognized as a critical amino acid involved in immunity, intestinal health, and nitrogen transport between organs. Prior to the pivotal study by Griffiths and colleagues in 1997, no clinical trials had demonstrated a positive effect from glutamine supplementation on improving long-term survival in critically ill intensive care unit patients receiving parenteral nutrition. Subsequent investigations have confirmed these findings, but further data are needed to determine the optimal dose and timing of glutamine as well as the form of glutamine (ie, free vs dipeptide) that produces the most significant improvement in outcome parameters.

Historia de la alimentación parenteral; primera lección Jesús Culebras / No disponible

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