Pemphigus foliaceous in a dog - clinical and laboratorial assessment

Background: The pemphigus complex is defined as a group of blistering autoimmune diseases that affects skin and mucous membrane. Pemphigus foliaceous is the most common disease in this group, being characterized by the productionof autoantibodies against keratinocyte adhesion molecules. The treatment is based on the use of immunosuppressive drugsand requires constant monitoring to assess inflammatory control as well as side effects of therapy. Based on that, the aimof this study was to report the clinical and laboratorial follow-up of a canine with pemphigus foliaceous.Case: An 11-year-old male neutered mongrel dog, weighing 9.8 kg, was presented with a main complaint related to disseminated pruritus and lesions in face, trunk and limbs. Dermatological examination revealed meliceric crusts, epidermalcollars and diffuse pustules in inguinal, abdominal, face, limbs, ears and thoraco-lumbar regions. Cytological examinationwas performed, revealing inflammatory and acantholytic cells and absence of bacterial cells. Biopsy procedure revealedsubcorneal pustule with presence of epithelial acantholytic cells and neutrophils, compatible with canine pemphigusfoliaceous. Hemato-biochemical analysis revealed a leukocytosis due to increased neutrophil count. Systemic treatmentwith high dose of prednisolone (2.0 mg/kg) and azathioprine (2.5 mg/kg) was proposed, while topical therapy with a 3%chlorhexidine shampoo was used to prevent secondary bacterial infections. The patient improved the dermatological clinicalsigns, being possible to observe a reduction of systemic and tissue inflammatory process. After 90 days of therapy, therewas a partial loss of hair body coverage, associated with follicular lesions, and after 180 days of therapy it was possibleto notice a new hair mantle, without visible areas of inflammation...(AU)

Pemphigus foliaceous in a dog - clinical and laboratorial assessment

Background: The pemphigus complex is defined as a group of blistering autoimmune diseases that affects skin and mucous membrane. Pemphigus foliaceous is the most common disease in this group, being characterized by the productionof autoantibodies against keratinocyte adhesion molecules. The treatment is based on the use of immunosuppressive drugsand requires constant monitoring to assess inflammatory control as well as side effects of therapy. Based on that, the aimof this study was to report the clinical and laboratorial follow-up of a canine with pemphigus foliaceous.Case: An 11-year-old male neutered mongrel dog, weighing 9.8 kg, was presented with a main complaint related to disseminated pruritus and lesions in face, trunk and limbs. Dermatological examination revealed meliceric crusts, epidermalcollars and diffuse pustules in inguinal, abdominal, face, limbs, ears and thoraco-lumbar regions. Cytological examinationwas performed, revealing inflammatory and acantholytic cells and absence of bacterial cells. Biopsy procedure revealedsubcorneal pustule with presence of epithelial acantholytic cells and neutrophils, compatible with canine pemphigusfoliaceous. Hemato-biochemical analysis revealed a leukocytosis due to increased neutrophil count. Systemic treatmentwith high dose of prednisolone (2.0 mg/kg) and azathioprine (2.5 mg/kg) was proposed, while topical therapy with a 3%chlorhexidine shampoo was used to prevent secondary bacterial infections. The patient improved the dermatological clinicalsigns, being possible to observe a reduction of systemic and tissue inflammatory process. After 90 days of therapy, therewas a partial loss of hair body coverage, associated with follicular lesions, and after 180 days of therapy it was possibleto notice a new hair mantle, without visible areas of inflammation...

Feline Hyperesthesia Syndrome - Case Report / Síndrome da Hiperestesia Felina Relato de Caso

Feline Hyperesthesia Syndrome (FHS) is a clinical condition, characterized by involuntary muscle contractions and changes in behavior. It is a rare syndrome, often of unknown origin, and the most common associated causes are skin related disorders, such as bacterial, fungal dermatitis, allergics and immune-mediated diseases. Causes related to the central nervous system and behavioral disorders are also reported. The clinical signs are varied, the diagnosis is often complex and the treatment varies according to the underlying cause. The purpose of this case report is to describe a case of FHS of possible dermatological etiology. A three-year-old Siamese male feline was treated for feline lower urinary tract disease throughout the duration of nine days. Associated, the animal also presented erythematous areas and hypotrichosis all over the face, especially around the eyes, nose and auricular pavilions, along with painful hypersensitivity to the touch and skin fasciculations in the lumbar and coccygeal region and pelvic limbs. An histopathological exam of the skin lesions was performed, where a chronic, superficial perivascular dermatitis was seen to be proliferative. Based on physical examination findings and additional tests, the animal was diagnosed with feline hyperesthesia syndrome secondary to dermatopathy.(AU)

A Síndrome da Hiperestesia Felina (FHS) é uma condição clínica, caracterizada por contrações musculares involuntárias e mudanças de comportamento. É uma síndrome rara, muitas vezes de origem desconhecida, sendo que as causas mais comuns associadas são doenças relacionadas à pele, tais como dermatites bacterianas, fúngicas, alérgicas e doenças imunomediadas. Causas relacionadas ao sistema nervoso central e distúrbios comportamentais também são relatadas. Os sinais clínicos são variados, o diagnóstico muitas vezes é complexo e o tratamento varia de acordo com a causa de base.  O objetivo deste relato de caso é descrever um caso de FHS de possível origem dermatológica. Um felino, macho, de três anos, da raça Siamês, foi atendido apresentando doença do trato urinário inferior felino há nove dias. Associado, o animal possuía áreas eritematosas e de hipotricose por toda a face, principalmente ao redor dos olhos, nariz e pavilhões auriculares, juntamente com hipersensibilidade dolorosa ao toque e fasciculações cutâneas na região lombar, coccígea e membros pélvicos. Foi realizado exame histopatológico das lesões de pele, onde foi visualizada dermatite superficial perivascular crônica proliferativa. Com base nos achados de exame físico e nos exames complementares, o animal foi diagnosticado com síndrome da hiperestesia felina secundária à dermatopatia.(AU)

Feline Hyperesthesia Syndrome - Case Report / Síndrome da Hiperestesia Felina Relato de Caso

Feline Hyperesthesia Syndrome (FHS) is a clinical condition, characterized by involuntary muscle contractions and changes in behavior. It is a rare syndrome, often of unknown origin, and the most common associated causes are skin related disorders, such as bacterial, fungal dermatitis, allergics and immune-mediated diseases. Causes related to the central nervous system and behavioral disorders are also reported. The clinical signs are varied, the diagnosis is often complex and the treatment varies according to the underlying cause. The purpose of this case report is to describe a case of FHS of possible dermatological etiology. A three-year-old Siamese male feline was treated for feline lower urinary tract disease throughout the duration of nine days. Associated, the animal also presented erythematous areas and hypotrichosis all over the face, especially around the eyes, nose and auricular pavilions, along with painful hypersensitivity to the touch and skin fasciculations in the lumbar and coccygeal region and pelvic limbs. An histopathological exam of the skin lesions was performed, where a chronic, superficial perivascular dermatitis was seen to be proliferative. Based on physical examination findings and additional tests, the animal was diagnosed with feline hyperesthesia syndrome secondary to dermatopathy.

A Síndrome da Hiperestesia Felina (FHS) é uma condição clínica, caracterizada por contrações musculares involuntárias e mudanças de comportamento. É uma síndrome rara, muitas vezes de origem desconhecida, sendo que as causas mais comuns associadas são doenças relacionadas à pele, tais como dermatites bacterianas, fúngicas, alérgicas e doenças imunomediadas. Causas relacionadas ao sistema nervoso central e distúrbios comportamentais também são relatadas. Os sinais clínicos são variados, o diagnóstico muitas vezes é complexo e o tratamento varia de acordo com a causa de base.  O objetivo deste relato de caso é descrever um caso de FHS de possível origem dermatológica. Um felino, macho, de três anos, da raça Siamês, foi atendido apresentando doença do trato urinário inferior felino há nove dias. Associado, o animal possuía áreas eritematosas e de hipotricose por toda a face, principalmente ao redor dos olhos, nariz e pavilhões auriculares, juntamente com hipersensibilidade dolorosa ao toque e fasciculações cutâneas na região lombar, coccígea e membros pélvicos. Foi realizado exame histopatológico das lesões de pele, onde foi visualizada dermatite superficial perivascular crônica proliferativa. Com base nos achados de exame físico e nos exames complementares, o animal foi diagnosticado com síndrome da hiperestesia felina secundária à dermatopatia.

Mupirocin pemphigus-like drug reaction in a dog

Background: Pharmacodermia is defined as adverse reaction in skin, mucosa and appendages, which generates morphofunctional alterations in cutaneous barrier, inducing autoimmune diseases, such as pemphigus foliaceous, which is known asthe most common autoimmune skin disease in dogs. This disease involves autoantibodies against desmoglein and desmocolinmolecules, being induced by the use of certain drugs. Mupirocin (pseudomonic acid A) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic withbacteriostatic activity, being effective against Gram-positive pathogens and used to control superficial bacterial folliculitis.Based on that, the aim of this study was to report a pemphigus-like lesions after topical use of mupirocin in dog.Case: An 1-year-old, uncastrated male, Poodle dog, weighing 13.8 kg was treated in a private clinic in Fortaleza. The maincomplaint was related to pruritus in abdominal and inguinal region, in addition of legs licking. Dermatological examination revealed melanic crusts, epidermal collars and diffuse pustules in inguinal, abdominal, perianal and thoraco-lumbarregions. The therapy was based on topical use of Mupirocin in form of 0.2% aquous spray. After drug administration, theanimal presented urticaria, diffuse epidermal collars, papulo-crusted and pustular lesions, which were more evident inabdominal and inguinal region. Nasal erythema, binocular blepharitis, apathy and fever were also observed. Cytologicalexamination and bacterial culture were performed, revealing inflammatory and acantholytic cells and no bacterial growth.Biopsy procedure revealed subcorneal pustule with presence of epithelial acantholytic cells and neutrophils, compatiblewith canine pemphigus foliaceous. The topical treatment of ocular lesions with 0.1% Tacrolimus associated with systemictreatment with high dose of prednisolone (1.2 mg kg-1)...(AU)

Pemphigus foliaceus in a sheep / Pênfigo foliáceo em uma ovelha

Pemphigus foliaceus (PF) is an autoimmune disease of the skin and is the most common form of pemphigus in domestic animals. This work reports a case of pemphigus foliaceus in a Santa Inês hair sheep. The ewe presented with multifocal bilateral crusted alopecic dermatitis affecting the chest, abdomen, and pelvic and thoracic limbs. Parakeratotic hyperkeratosis and acanthosis, in addition to subcorneal pustules, were observed histologically, and acantholytic cells and neutrophils were observed within the pustules. In the superficial and deep dermal tissues, there was intense eosinophilic infiltration and the presence of rare macrophages. These microscopic findings were characteristic of PF, and treatment with dexamethasone was ineffective. This disease is rare in sheep, and this is the first case report to be published in Brazil.(AU)

Pênfigo foliáceo (PF) é uma doença autoimune da pele e é a forma mais comum de pênfigo em animaisdomésticos. Este trabalho relata um caso de pênfigo foliáceo em uma ovelha Santa Inês. A ovelhaapresentava dermatite alopécica crostosa bilateral e assimétrica no tórax, abdômen, e membros pélvicose torácicos. Hiperceratose paraqueratótica e acantose, além de pústulas subcorneais, foram observadoshistologicamente, e células acantolíticas e neutrófilos foram observadas dentro das pústulas. Naderme superficial e profunda, havia intenso infiltrado de eosinófilos e raros macrófagos. Os achadosmicroscópicos são característicos de PF, e o tratamento com dexametasona foi ineficiente. Esta doençaé rara em ovinos e este é o primeiro relato de caso a ser publicado no Brasil.(AU)

Mupirocin pemphigus-like drug reaction in a dog

Background: Pharmacodermia is defined as adverse reaction in skin, mucosa and appendages, which generates morphofunctional alterations in cutaneous barrier, inducing autoimmune diseases, such as pemphigus foliaceous, which is known asthe most common autoimmune skin disease in dogs. This disease involves autoantibodies against desmoglein and desmocolinmolecules, being induced by the use of certain drugs. Mupirocin (pseudomonic acid A) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic withbacteriostatic activity, being effective against Gram-positive pathogens and used to control superficial bacterial folliculitis.Based on that, the aim of this study was to report a pemphigus-like lesions after topical use of mupirocin in dog.Case: An 1-year-old, uncastrated male, Poodle dog, weighing 13.8 kg was treated in a private clinic in Fortaleza. The maincomplaint was related to pruritus in abdominal and inguinal region, in addition of legs licking. Dermatological examination revealed melanic crusts, epidermal collars and diffuse pustules in inguinal, abdominal, perianal and thoraco-lumbarregions. The therapy was based on topical use of Mupirocin in form of 0.2% aquous spray. After drug administration, theanimal presented urticaria, diffuse epidermal collars, papulo-crusted and pustular lesions, which were more evident inabdominal and inguinal region. Nasal erythema, binocular blepharitis, apathy and fever were also observed. Cytologicalexamination and bacterial culture were performed, revealing inflammatory and acantholytic cells and no bacterial growth.Biopsy procedure revealed subcorneal pustule with presence of epithelial acantholytic cells and neutrophils, compatiblewith canine pemphigus foliaceous. The topical treatment of ocular lesions with 0.1% Tacrolimus associated with systemictreatment with high dose of prednisolone (1.2 mg kg-1)...

Evaluation of C-reactive protein as an inflammatory marker of pemphigus foliaceus and superficial pyoderma in dogs.

BACKGROUND: C-reactive protein (CRP) is a major acute phase protein in dogs and may be an inflammatory marker of autoimmune diseases. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES: To measure pre- and post-treatment CRP levels in dogs with superficial pyoderma (SP) and pemphigus foliaceus (PF) compared to normal dogs; to evaluate possible correlation between CRP values, indirect immunofluorescence (IIF), and pemphigus foliaceus extent and severity index (PEFESI) scores. ANIMALS: Fifty nine dogs divided into three groups: Group I (control, n = 31), Group II (SP, n = 14) and Group III (PF, n = 14). METHODS: CRP levels were measured in Group I dogs. Skin biopsies of Groups II and III dogs were obtained for histopathological examination. In Group II dogs, CRP levels were measured at days 0, 15, 30 and 60. In Group III dogs were evaluated by PEFESI, IIF and CRP levels at days 0, 15, 30, 60 and 90. RESULTS: Group III showed a higher median CRP (37.4 mg/mL) compared to the other groups (Group I, CRP 2.9 mg/mL, P < 0.0001; Group II CRP 3.8 mg/mL, P = 0.008). There was no significant difference in CRP levels between groups I and II. IIF titres and CRP levels decreased in most cases of PF with clinical improvement. Dogs with CRP >10.6 µg/mL were 5.5 times more likely to have PF than SP. There was a strong positive correlation between CRP values and PEFESI and a weak positive correlation between CRP values and IIF titres. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: CRP levels are increased in dogs with PF and exceed levels found in most dogs with SP.

Pênfigo Foliáceo em felino: relato de caso / Pemphigus Foliaceus in a feline: case report / Pénfigo Foliáceo en un gato: report de un caso

As dermatopatias estão entre as afecções mais comuns na rotina clínica veterinária. As dermatoses autoimunes em felinos são consideradas raras e dentre elas, o pênfigo foliáceo é o de maior incidência na espécie. Por não ser comum muitas vezes acaba não sendo uma suspeita durante a busca pelo diagnóstico, que é concluído somente após os achados histológicos. O tratamento com glucocorticoides pode ser efetivo, no entanto, estudos revelaram cerca de 35 a 50% de sucesso. O objetivo deste artigo foi apresentar o caso de um felino diagnosticado com pênfigo foliáceo e que obteve remissão completa das lesões após 30 dias de monoterapia com prednisolona na dose de 1mg/kg/dia. A dose foi reduzida gradualmente e não houve recidiva nem foram observadas reações adversas do uso de glucocorticoides até o presente momento.(AU)

The skin diseases are among the most common conditions in veterinary clinic routine. Feline autoimmune dermatoses are considered rare and among them, pemphigus foliaceus is the most prevalent in cats. Once it is unusual, the pemphigus is not always a suspect during the search for diagnosis, which is only completed after the histological findings. The glucocorticoids may be effective, however, have been reported about 35 to 50% of success. The aim of this research was to report a case of pemphigus foliaceus in a cat that achieved complete remission of the lesions after 30 days using prednisolone as monotherapy at 1 mg/kg/day. The dose was gradually reduced and adverse effects of glucocorticoids use or recurrence not occurred to date.(AU)

Las enfermedades de la piel son extremadamente comunes en la rutina clínica veterinaria. Enfermedades autoinmunes de la piel en gatos domésticos son considerados raros, entre ellos, el pénfigo foliáceo es el más frecuente en la especie. Por qué no es común frecuente termina no siendo un sospechoso durante la búsqueda de diagnóstico, que se concluye después de exámenes histológicos. Los glucocorticoides pueden ser eficaces, sin embargo, los estudios han revelado aproximadamente de 30 a 50% de éxito. el objetivo de este trabajo es exponer el caso de un gato con diagnóstico de pénfigo foliáceo y logró éxito con la remisión total de las lesiones después de 30 días de monoterapia con prednisolona a una dosis de 1 mg/kg. La dosis se redujo gradualmente y las reacciones adversas por el uso de glucocorticoides no ha vuelto a aparecer y no observado hasta la fecha.(AU)

Pênfigo Foliáceo em felino: relato de caso / Pemphigus Foliaceus in a feline: case report / Pénfigo Foliáceo en un gato: report de un caso

As dermatopatias estão entre as afecções mais comuns na rotina clínica veterinária. As dermatoses autoimunes em felinos são consideradas raras e dentre elas, o pênfigo foliáceo é o de maior incidência na espécie. Por não ser comum muitas vezes acaba não sendo uma suspeita durante a busca pelo diagnóstico, que é concluído somente após os achados histológicos. O tratamento com glucocorticoides pode ser efetivo, no entanto, estudos revelaram cerca de 35 a 50% de sucesso. O objetivo deste artigo foi apresentar o caso de um felino diagnosticado com pênfigo foliáceo e que obteve remissão completa das lesões após 30 dias de monoterapia com prednisolona na dose de 1mg/kg/dia. A dose foi reduzida gradualmente e não houve recidiva nem foram observadas reações adversas do uso de glucocorticoides até o presente momento.

The skin diseases are among the most common conditions in veterinary clinic routine. Feline autoimmune dermatoses are considered rare and among them, pemphigus foliaceus is the most prevalent in cats. Once it is unusual, the pemphigus is not always a suspect during the search for diagnosis, which is only completed after the histological findings. The glucocorticoids may be effective, however, have been reported about 35 to 50% of success. The aim of this research was to report a case of pemphigus foliaceus in a cat that achieved complete remission of the lesions after 30 days using prednisolone as monotherapy at 1 mg/kg/day. The dose was gradually reduced and adverse effects of glucocorticoids use or recurrence not occurred to date.

Las enfermedades de la piel son extremadamente comunes en la rutina clínica veterinaria. Enfermedades autoinmunes de la piel en gatos domésticos son considerados raros, entre ellos, el pénfigo foliáceo es el más frecuente en la especie. Por qué no es común frecuente termina no siendo un sospechoso durante la búsqueda de diagnóstico, que se concluye después de exámenes histológicos. Los glucocorticoides pueden ser eficaces, sin embargo, los estudios han revelado aproximadamente de 30 a 50% de éxito. el objetivo de este trabajo es exponer el caso de un gato con diagnóstico de pénfigo foliáceo y logró éxito con la remisión total de las lesiones después de 30 días de monoterapia con prednisolona a una dosis de 1 mg/kg. La dosis se redujo gradualmente y las reacciones adversas por el uso de glucocorticoides no ha vuelto a aparecer y no observado hasta la fecha.

Pênfigo foliáceo em um gato de oito meses de idade: possível reação cutânea adversa a fármacos? / Pemphigus foliaceus in an eight-month-old cat: possible cutaneous adverse drug reaction?

Background: Pemphigus foliaceus is an autoimmune skin disease whose the occurrence in feline clinic is uncommom. The etiology is unknown in most cases. Althought it is a rare condition in cats, pemphigus foliaceus can be induced by drugs. It may affect both adult and old cats with no sexual or racial predilection and diagnosis is based on animal historical, clinical examination and skin histopathology. Moreover, the treatment consists in immunosuppressive-based drugs. This paper describes a pemphigus foliaceus case in an eight-month-old kitten, probably due a cutaneous adverse drug reaction.Case: A 8-month-old, neutered male mongrel cat with crusted lesions located on face was examinated at the Veterinary Hospital. The owners reported that they had adopted the patient two months before the clinical presentation suggesting that this background was unknown. The cat was treated in a local veterinary clinic with antibiotics and anti-inflammatory for rhinotracheitis and herpetic dermatitis on face due to the occurrence of sneezing and crusted pruriginous dermatitis. The kitten presented erosions, purulent exudation and crusts on pinnae, nasal and supra ocular areas, paronychia with purulent exudate and alopecia at distal portion of the tail. Supplementary exams such as skin scraping, cytology and fungal culture were performed to rule out other agents and confirm the diagnosis. The parasitological and fungal examination resulted negative despite the fact that cytological exam showed coccoid bacteria. Complete blood count and biochemical profile showed no alteration and the test for feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) resulted negative. Histological changes were consistent with intra-epidermal pustular subcorneal with acantholysis dermatitis. An immunosuppressive dose of prednisolona was prescribed for 15 days...(AU)

Pênfigo foliáceo em um gato de oito meses de idade: possível reação cutânea adversa a fármacos? / Pemphigus foliaceus in an eight-month-old cat: possible cutaneous adverse drug reaction?

Background: Pemphigus foliaceus is an autoimmune skin disease whose the occurrence in feline clinic is uncommom. The etiology is unknown in most cases. Althought it is a rare condition in cats, pemphigus foliaceus can be induced by drugs. It may affect both adult and old cats with no sexual or racial predilection and diagnosis is based on animal historical, clinical examination and skin histopathology. Moreover, the treatment consists in immunosuppressive-based drugs. This paper describes a pemphigus foliaceus case in an eight-month-old kitten, probably due a cutaneous adverse drug reaction.Case: A 8-month-old, neutered male mongrel cat with crusted lesions located on face was examinated at the Veterinary Hospital. The owners reported that they had adopted the patient two months before the clinical presentation suggesting that this background was unknown. The cat was treated in a local veterinary clinic with antibiotics and anti-inflammatory for rhinotracheitis and herpetic dermatitis on face due to the occurrence of sneezing and crusted pruriginous dermatitis. The kitten presented erosions, purulent exudation and crusts on pinnae, nasal and supra ocular areas, paronychia with purulent exudate and alopecia at distal portion of the tail. Supplementary exams such as skin scraping, cytology and fungal culture were performed to rule out other agents and confirm the diagnosis. The parasitological and fungal examination resulted negative despite the fact that cytological exam showed coccoid bacteria. Complete blood count and biochemical profile showed no alteration and the test for feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) resulted negative. Histological changes were consistent with intra-epidermal pustular subcorneal with acantholysis dermatitis. An immunosuppressive dose of prednisolona was prescribed for 15 days...

Penfigo foliaceo em um felino: relato de caso / Pemphigus foliaceus in a cat: case report / Pénfigo foliáceo en un gato: reporte de un caso

O pênfigo foliáceo é uma das formas mais importantes de dermatoses imunomediadas vesico-pustulosas em cães e gatos. A patogênese da doença está bem documentada em humanos e cães e sugere-se que em felinos o comportamento seja similar, caracterizado pela produção de anticorpos direcionados contra estruturas responsáveis pela manutenção da adesão intercelular. Embora haja relatos de diversas opções de tratamento descritos na literatura para esta dermatopatia, a maioria não foi utilizada em estudos envolvendo um grande número de animais. Descreve-se um caso de pênfigo foliáceo em um gato que respondeu satisfatoriamente apenas à corticoterapia e sem apresentar efeitos adversos.

Pemphigus foliaceus is one of the most important immune-mediated dermatoses in dogs and cats. The pathogenesis of the disease is well documented in humans and dogs and it is suggested its behavior in felines is similar, characterized by the production of antibodies directed against structures responsible for the maintenance of intercellular adhesion. Although there are reports of several treatment options described in literature for this dermatopathy, most have not been used in studies involving an increased number of animals. Here, we report a case of pemphigus foliaceus in a cat which responded favorably only to corticosteroids and without presenting adverse effects.

Pénfigo foliáceo es una de las formas más importantes de dermatosis mediada por la inmunidad en perros y gatos. La patogénesis de la enfermedad está bien documentada en seres humanos y perros, y se sugiere que el comportamiento en los gatos es similar, caracterizada por la producción de anticuerpos dirigidos contra las estructuras responsables del mantenimiento de la adesión intercelular. Aunque hay informes de diversas opciones de tratamiento descritos en la literatura para este dermatopatía más, no se han utilizado en estudios que implican un gran número de animales. Se describe un caso de pénfigo foliáceo en un gato que respondió satisfactoriamente sólo a los corticosteroides y sin presentar efectos adversos.

Pênfigo foliáceo em felinos - relato de três casos / Pemphigus foliaceus in felines - three cases report

O pênfigo foliáceo é uma dermatopatia auto-imune de rara ocorrência na clínica dermatológica felina que acomete gatos adultos a idosos, sem predileção sexual e racial. O diagnóstico é realizado pelo histórico, exame clínico e histopatológico cutâneo. O tratamento consiste no uso de doses imunosupressoras de glicocorticóidesorais e em casos onde este não oferece resultados satisfatórios, o clorambucil pode ser utilizado. O uso daprednisolona na dosagem de 4 mg/kg a cada 24 horas foi eficaz em dois dos casos aqui descritos, sendo essamedicação preconizada na manutenção desses animais. No caso refratário ao tratamento com a prednisolona,instituiu-se o uso da dexametasona (0,2 mg/kg a cada 24 horas) e posteriormente o protocolo terapêutico com o clorambucil (0,1 mg/kg a cada 24 horas),ambos demonstrando pobre resposta terapêutica. O uso do deflazacort na dosagem de 0,3 mg/kg a cada 24 horas foi preconizado com excelente resposta terapêutica neste caso. O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de relatar três casos de pênfigo foliáceo em felinos pela rara ocorrência da doença no Brasil, ressaltando a importância do exame clínico-dermatológico, diagnóstico precoce e tratamento. (AU)

Pemphigus foliaceus is an auto-immune skin disease of rare occurrence in feline dermatology practice that affects middle-aged and older cats. Sex and breed predilections are not noted. The diagnosis is based on the history, clinical examination and histopathology of skin biopsies. The treatment involves oral immunosuppressivedoses of corticosteroids and in cases where it does not give satisfactory results, chlorambucil may be used. The prednisolone use in dosage of 0.2 mg/kg every 24 hours was effective in two of the described cases being successful in the maintenance of these animals. When treating the disease with prednisolone, the dexamethasone dosage was 0.2 mg/kg every 24 hours and afterwards chlorambucil at 0.1 mg/kg every 24 hours, both of them showed poor therapeutic response. The use of deflazacort in dosage of 0.3 mg/kg at 24 hours was successful with excellent therapeutic response. The purpose of the current work is to relate three pemphigus foliaceus cases in felines, a disease which rarely occurs in Brazil. We highlight the importance of the clinical-dermatologic examination, the precocious diagnosis and the treatment. (AU)

Pênfigo foliáceo em felinos - relato de três casos / Pemphigus foliaceus in felines - three cases report

O pênfigo foliáceo é uma dermatopatia auto-imune de rara ocorrência na clínica dermatológica felina que acomete gatos adultos a idosos, sem predileção sexual e racial. O diagnóstico é realizado pelo histórico, exame clínico e histopatológico cutâneo. O tratamento consiste no uso de doses imunosupressoras de glicocorticóidesorais e em casos onde este não oferece resultados satisfatórios, o clorambucil pode ser utilizado. O uso daprednisolona na dosagem de 4 mg/kg a cada 24 horas foi eficaz em dois dos casos aqui descritos, sendo essamedicação preconizada na manutenção desses animais. No caso refratário ao tratamento com a prednisolona,instituiu-se o uso da dexametasona (0,2 mg/kg a cada 24 horas) e posteriormente o protocolo terapêutico com o clorambucil (0,1 mg/kg a cada 24 horas),ambos demonstrando pobre resposta terapêutica. O uso do deflazacort na dosagem de 0,3 mg/kg a cada 24 horas foi preconizado com excelente resposta terapêutica neste caso. O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de relatar três casos de pênfigo foliáceo em felinos pela rara ocorrência da doença no Brasil, ressaltando a importância do exame clínico-dermatológico, diagnóstico precoce e tratamento.

Pemphigus foliaceus is an auto-immune skin disease of rare occurrence in feline dermatology practice that affects middle-aged and older cats. Sex and breed predilections are not noted. The diagnosis is based on the history, clinical examination and histopathology of skin biopsies. The treatment involves oral immunosuppressivedoses of corticosteroids and in cases where it does not give satisfactory results, chlorambucil may be used. The prednisolone use in dosage of 0.2 mg/kg every 24 hours was effective in two of the described cases being successful in the maintenance of these animals. When treating the disease with prednisolone, the dexamethasone dosage was 0.2 mg/kg every 24 hours and afterwards chlorambucil at 0.1 mg/kg every 24 hours, both of them showed poor therapeutic response. The use of deflazacort in dosage of 0.3 mg/kg at 24 hours was successful with excellent therapeutic response. The purpose of the current work is to relate three pemphigus foliaceus cases in felines, a disease which rarely occurs in Brazil. We highlight the importance of the clinical-dermatologic examination, the precocious diagnosis and the treatment.

Pênfigo foliáceo em cães: revisão de literatura / Pemphigus foliaceus in dogs: literature review

O complexo pênfigo engloba um grupo de dermatoses autoimunes como o pênfigo vulgar, foliáceo, eritematoso, vegetante e o penfigóide bolhoso. O pênfigo foliáceo é a forma de pênfigo mais comum e a doença autoimune mais freqüente na clínica dermatológica de pequenos animais. O primeiro artigo descrevendo o pênfigo foliáceo em cães foi publicado em 1977 nos EUA. No Brasil a primeira descrição de pênfigo foliáceo canino foi em 1998 e felino em 2000. As lesões iniciais do pênfigo acometem a face e as orelhas, progredindo para região inguinal, coxins e membros. Devido a sua ocorrência ser bastante rara, o diagnóstico e tratamento constituem-se em um verdadeiro desafio para o médico veterinário. O tratamento baseia-se principalmente no uso corticóides sistêmicos em associação ou não a outros agentes imunossupressores. O objetivo desta revisão de literatura é fornecer ao médico veterinário informações relevantes para a suspeita clínica, abordagem diagnóstica e tratamento do pênfigo foliáceo(AU)

The pemphigus complex involves a group of autoimune skin disease with (like) the pemphigus vulgaris, foliaceus, erythematosus, and vegetans and bullos pemphigoid. Pemphigus foliaceus is the most commom form of pemphigus and the most frequent skin disease in the dermatological clinical of dogs and cats. The first article describing the existence of pemphigus foliaceus in dogs occur in 1998 and in cats in 2000. The first lesions of Pemphigus affects face, pinnae, progress to inguinal area, footpads and limbs. Since the occurency is quite rare, the therapeutic treatment and clinical management are a real challenge for the pet clinican. The present review aims at clearing to veterinarian relevant informations for clinical suspect, diagnosis and treatment of pemphigus foliaceus(AU)

Pênfigo foliáceo em cães: revisão de literatura / Pemphigus foliaceus in dogs: literature review

O complexo pênfigo engloba um grupo de dermatoses autoimunes como o pênfigo vulgar, foliáceo, eritematoso, vegetante e o penfigóide bolhoso. O pênfigo foliáceo é a forma de pênfigo mais comum e a doença autoimune mais freqüente na clínica dermatológica de pequenos animais. O primeiro artigo descrevendo o pênfigo foliáceo em cães foi publicado em 1977 nos EUA. No Brasil a primeira descrição de pênfigo foliáceo canino foi em 1998 e felino em 2000. As lesões iniciais do pênfigo acometem a face e as orelhas, progredindo para região inguinal, coxins e membros. Devido a sua ocorrência ser bastante rara, o diagnóstico e tratamento constituem-se em um verdadeiro desafio para o médico veterinário. O tratamento baseia-se principalmente no uso corticóides sistêmicos em associação ou não a outros agentes imunossupressores. O objetivo desta revisão de literatura é fornecer ao médico veterinário informações relevantes para a suspeita clínica, abordagem diagnóstica e tratamento do pênfigo foliáceo

The pemphigus complex involves a group of autoimune skin disease with (like) the pemphigus vulgaris, foliaceus, erythematosus, and vegetans and bullos pemphigoid. Pemphigus foliaceus is the most commom form of pemphigus and the most frequent skin disease in the dermatological clinical of dogs and cats. The first article describing the existence of pemphigus foliaceus in dogs occur in 1998 and in cats in 2000. The first lesions of Pemphigus affects face, pinnae, progress to inguinal area, footpads and limbs. Since the occurency is quite rare, the therapeutic treatment and clinical management are a real challenge for the pet clinican. The present review aims at clearing to veterinarian relevant informations for clinical suspect, diagnosis and treatment of pemphigus foliaceus

Pênfigo Foliáceo em cães: levantamento retrospectivo de casos atendidos no período de novembro de 1986 a julho de 2000 e de resposta aos protocolos de terapia empregados no Hospital Veterinário da USP / Pemphigus foliaceous in dogs: retrospective survey of cases, during the period of November 1998 to July 2000, and evaluation of clinical management in the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of University of São Paulo

Entre novembro de 1986 e julho de 2000, foram atendidos, no Serviço de Dermatologia do Hospital Veterinário (HOVET) da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade de São Paulo (FMVZ/USP), 30 animais acometidos por Pênfigo Foliáceo (PF). Através de levantamento retrospectivo, os animais foram caracterizados quanto ao sexo, definição racial e raça, idade, tipo e topografia das lesões e resposta a tratamento orto (prednisona) e heterodoxo (prednisona em associação à azatioprina).