Parental personality disorder and child maltreatment: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Parental pathology may affect parenting capacity and is deemed a risk factor for child maltreatment. Especially parental personality disorder (PD) can significantly burden the relationship and interaction between parents and their children. OBJECTIVE: This meta-analytic review aims to summarize and quantify the influence of parental PD on the occurrence / the risk of child maltreatment. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: Studies had to meet the following inclusion criteria: They had to analyze a sample of parents with a diagnosed PD and the occurrence / risk of maltreating their children. To be included in the narrative synthesis and/or meta-analysis, they had to be case-control, cross-sectional, or longitudinal studies. Literature research was conducted in the databases Web of Science, Psychinfo, and Google Scholar up to January 2023. METHODS: First, studies were analyzed on a narrative level, and eligible studies for the meta-analysis were identified. Studies were grouped according to the diagnosed PDs. Five different groups were included: borderline PD, antisocial PD, narcissistic PD, nondifferentiated PDs, and Cluster B PDs. Three different random-effects meta-analyses were computed (borderline PD, antisocial PD, Cluster B PDs). Meta-analyses were controlled for publication bias and different covariates (e.g., study quality, sample size). RESULTS: After screening 41 full texts, 17 studies were included in the narrative synthesis, out of which 14 samples from 11 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Analysis of borderline PD showed an association with the occurrence / risk of child maltreatment (OR = 8.08; 95 % CI [2.51, 25.93]). However, after taking into account possible publication bias, this association was no longer significant. We found a significant and stable association between antisocial PD and the occurrence of / risk of child maltreatment (OR = 4.92; 95 % CI [3.26, 7.43]). Analysis of Cluster B PDs (antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic) revealed a significant overall association (OR = 4.23; 95 % CI [2.75, 6.5]), indicating that the presence of Cluster B PDs in parents significantly increases the occurrence of / the risk of child maltreatment. CONCLUSIONS: Analyses indicated a significant association between of Cluster B PDs, and specifically between antisocial and borderline PD, with the occurrence of / the risk of child maltreatment. However, methodological limitations have to be taken into account, because results for borderline PD were no longer significant after controlling for possible publication bias. Moreover, the number of studies included was rather small, and results showed a substantial amount of heterogeneity. OTHER: This work was not supported by any funding.

Personality as a Predictor of Disability in Multiple Sclerosis.

OBJECTIVE: As personality changes and personality disorders are frequently observed in multiple sclerosis (MS), personality may be a prognostic factor for this disease. The present study investigated the influence of personality on disability, progression, and treatment adherence in MS. METHOD: Personality was assessed in 41 patients with Relapsing-Remitting MS (30 females; mean age = 42.63 years) using the NEO Personality Inventory-3rd edition. Disability was measured with the Expanded Disability Status Scale, and treatment adherence information was collected from the Swiss MS Cohort. Correlation, multiple linear and partial least square regressions were performed to examine relations between personality, disability, and treatment adherence in MS. RESULTS: After accounting for age and time since disease onset, our analysis revealed that Neuroticism (ß = 0.32, p = 0.01) and its Vulnerability facet (ß = 0.28, p < 0.05) predicted greater disability, whereas Extraversion (ß = -0.25, p = 0.04) and its Activity facet (ß = -0.23, p < 0.05) predicted milder disability. Regarding disability progression, correlational analysis revealed that it was negatively correlated with Extraversion (r = -0.44, p = 0.02) and the Feelings facet of Openness (r = -0.41, p = 0.03), but regressions failed to highlight any predictive links. No significant results could be demonstrated for treatment adherence. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, our study showed that some personality traits can impact disability in MS, indicating that these should be considered in clinical practice, as they could be used to adapt and improve patients' clinical support.

The transdiagnostic relationship of cumulative lifetime stress with memory, the hippocampus, and personality psychopathology.

Stress has a detrimental impact on memory, the hippocampus, and psychological health. Psychopathology research on stress has centered mainly on psychiatric diagnoses rather than symptom dimensions, and less attention has been given to the neurobiological factors through which stress might be translated into psychopathology. The present work investigates the transdiagnostic relationship of cumulative stress with episodic memory and the hippocampus (both structure and function) and explores the extent to which stress mediates the relationship between personality psychopathology and hippocampal size and activation. Cumulative lifetime stress was assessed in a sample of females recruited to vary in stress exposure and severity of personality psychopathology. Fifty-six participants completed subjective and objective tests of episodic memory, a T2-weighted high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan of the medial-temporal lobe, and functional MRI (fMRI) scanning during a learning and recognition memory task. Higher cumulative stress was significantly related to memory complaints (but not episodic memory performance), lower bilateral hippocampal volume, and greater encoding-related hippocampal activation during the presentation of novel stimuli. Furthermore, cumulative stress significantly mediated the relationship between personality psychopathology and both hippocampal volume and activation, whereas alternative mediation models were not supported. The findings suggest that structural and functional activation differences in the hippocampus observed in case-control studies of psychiatric diagnoses may share cumulative stress as a common factor, which may mediate broadly reported relationships between psychopathology and hippocampal structure and function.

Early Parkinson's Disease Phenotypes Tailored by Personality, Behavior, and Motor Symptoms.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies described a parkinsonian personality characterized as rigid, introverted, and cautious; however, little is known about personality traits in de novo Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and their relationships with motor and neuropsychiatric symptoms. OBJECTIVE: To investigate personality in de novo PD and explore its relationship with PD symptoms. METHODS: Using Cloninger's biosocial model, we assessed personality in 193 de novo PD patients. Motor and non-motor symptoms were measured using several validated scales. Cluster analysis was conducted to investigate the interrelationship of personality traits, motor, and non-motor symptoms. RESULTS: PD patients showed low novelty seeking, high harm avoidance, and normal reward dependence and persistence scores. Harm avoidance was positively correlated with the severity of depression, anxiety, and apathy (rs = [0.435, 0.676], p < 0.001) and negatively correlated with quality of life (rs = -0.492, p < 0.001). Novelty seeking, reward dependence, and persistence were negatively correlated with apathy (rs = [-0.274, -0.375], p < 0.001). Classification of patients according to personality and PD symptoms revealed 3 distinct clusters: i) neuropsychiatric phenotype (with high harm avoidance and low novelty seeking, hypodopaminergic neuropsychiatric symptoms and higher impulsivity), ii) motor phenotype (with low novelty seeking and higher motor severity), iii) benign phenotype (with low harm avoidance and high novelty seeking, reward dependence, and persistence traits clustered with lower symptoms severity and low impulsivity). CONCLUSION: Personality in early PD patients allows us to recognize 3 patients' phenotypes. Identification of such subgroups may help to better understand their natural history. Their longitudinal follow-up will allow confirming whether some personality features might influence disease evolution and treatment.

Investigations of Personality Trait in Subacute Post-Stroke Patients: Some Preliminary Observations.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Personality change is an important psychiatric complication following stroke linked to severe affective dysregulation and behavioral alterations. METHODS: We investigated personality traits in 20 patients (age 45.37 ± 13.41 years) with subacute stroke submitted to rehabilitation training within 1-3 months after a first-onset stroke. All patients underwent psychological evaluation by using the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 for adults (PID-5), a specific instrument that enables traits (dimensions and facets) to be assessed by providing a personality profile, and the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems 47 (IIP-47), a brief and valid self-report measure for screening personality disorders. RESULTS: Personality change was identified by a positive correlation IIP-47 and PID-5 (r = 0.76; p = 0.03). Our patients, after a stroke, presented maladaptive personality traits associated with negative affect such as anxiety, emotional lability, and rigid perfectionism, and they reported interpersonal problems. These negative affective disorders correlated positively with cluster C personality disorders, including the avoidant, dependent, and obsessive compulsive personality disorders. CONCLUSION: Preliminary results show personality changes in stroke survivors. The evaluation of personality changes could be useful to improve the management of the patient's behavioral alterations in a familiar environment and permit the possibility of prevention of psychological distress of the patients and their respective caregivers.

Profile of personality in frontal and temporal lobe epilepsy: A study using the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III.

Personality disorders can influence and, along with cognitive deficits, compromise the quality of life of patients with epilepsy. This study evaluated personality traits and disorders in patients with frontal (FLE) or temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) using the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III with the aim to determine prevalent personality profiles. The results demonstrate the presence of particularly pronounced personality traits and disorders with prevalence of histrionic and obsessive-compulsive personality profiles, respectively, in FLE and TLE. These profiles may be related to different effects of pathophysiological and clinical aspects.

[Cognitive impairment and social functioning in organic personality disorder due to epilepsy]. / Kognitivnye narusheniya i sotsial'noe funktsionirovanie pri organicheskom rasstroistve lichnosti vsledstvie epilepsii.

OBJECTIVE: To develop criteria for the diagnosis of cognitive impairment (CI) and to determine the degree of social functioning in organic personality disorder due to epilepsy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred and twenty-six patients with epilepsy, aged 18 to 65 years, with disease duration of 11 to 20 years, were examined. The main research method is clinical-psychopathological. The Mini-mental state examination (MMSE) was administered to assess the severity of CI. The Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale was used to assess social functioning. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The structure of organic personality disorder due to epilepsy is determined by a combination of CI and personality changes with a predominance of explosive (short temper, irritability, brutality, explosiveness) or defensive (passivity, suggestibility, vulnerability, suspiciousness, sensitivity, subordination) traits. CI includes impaired thinking, attention, and memory and is manifested by inertia, stiffness, toughness, rigidity, slowing down the pace of thought processes, as well as difficulty in concentrating, impaired direct and indirect memory. Three groups of patients with mild, moderate and severe CI are isolated. In the group with mild CI, thorough thinking with a slow pace and a decrease in the ability to learn new things, which was com. When assessing impairment of social functioning fa moderate and severe of maladaptation with impairments in all areas of activity is revealed in people with explosive personality characteristics and a mild degree - in people with defensive features. It has been shown that the analysis of cognitive impairment is critical in the diagnosis of organic personality disorder due to epilepsy.

Examining changes in personality following shamanic ceremonial use of ayahuasca.

The present study examines the association between the ceremonial use of ayahuasca-a decoction combining the Banistereopsis caapi vine and N,N-Dimethyltryptamine-containing plants-and changes in personality traits as conceived by the Five-Factor model (FFM). We also examine the degree to which demographic characteristics, baseline personality, and acute post-ayahuasca experiences affect personality change. Participants recruited from three ayahuasca healing and spiritual centers in South and Central America (N = 256) completed self-report measures of personality at three timepoints (Baseline, Post, 3-month Follow-up). Informant-report measures of the FFM were also obtained (N = 110). Linear mixed models were used to examine changes in personality and the moderation of those changes by covariates. The most pronounced change was a reduction in Neuroticism dzself-reportT1-T2 = - 1.00; dzself-reportT1-T3 = - .85; dzinformant-reportT1-T3 = - .62), reflected in self- and informant-report data. Moderation of personality change by baseline personality, acute experiences, and purgative experiences was also observed.

Correlates of respiratory admissions frequency in patients with obstructive lung diseases: coping styles, personality and anxiety. / Profil osobowosci, poziom leku i style radzenia sobie ze stresem a liczba hospitalizacji i konsultacji specjalistycznych u osób z chorobami obturacyjnymi pluc.

OBJECTIVES: Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are associated with a huge financial burden on the budget and healthcare in the world. Personality traits, ways of coping with stress and anxiety levels affect the functioning of sick people. Objective of the study was to evaluate correlation between those features and the frequency of hospital and outpatient clinic admissions among people with chronic pulmonary diseases. METHODS: Participants (n=100) with asthma and COPD were subjected to: a sociodemographic urvey, NEO-FFI Personality Inventory, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Brief COPE Inventory. RESULTS: There was a relationship between the hospital admission frequency and neuroticism (positive correlation). The frequency of visits to the outpatient clinic was positively correlated with the level of conscientiousness, use of emotional support and negatively with cessation of action. CONCLUSIONS: The obtained results may indicate the need to offer patients with respiratory diseases psychotherapeutic activities aimed at building a more constructive functioning, reducing anxiety, increasing the sense of control.

Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment and malnutrition on personality maladaptivity in a Barbadian longitudinal cohort.

Childhood adversities are linked with mental health problems throughout the life course, including personality pathology. Less is known about consequences in the next generation, particularly in non-Western populations. In the Barbados Nutrition Study, we assessed associations of two parental (G1) childhood adversities- (1) maltreatment history using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF), and (2) clinically ascertained infant malnutrition limited to the first year of life-on PD symptoms in their G2 offspring, using NEO FFM PD prototypes. In linear regression models clustered by family and adjusted for other G1 childhood adversities and family socioeconomic status, we found that G1 parental history of childhood maltreatment was significantly associated with increased G2 offspring Borderline, Histrionic, Narcissistic, and Dependent PD scores. When G1 childhood malnutrition was the exposure of interest, we found a significant association with Schizoid PD scores. When the sample was restricted to offspring of G1 mothers, even more extensive associations with G2 personality pathology were observed. This study supports a link between parental exposure to childhood adversities and increased personality maladaptivity in the next generation, with some specific patterns worthy of further exploration.

Personality disorders in temporal lobe epilepsy: What do they signify?

OBJECTIVES: To estimate the prevalence of personality disorders in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) with mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) and compare it with general population and analyze their implications on treatment outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: TLE was diagnosed based on clinical history, MRI, and Video EEG data. IPDE-ICD10 screening questionnaire was applied to investigate personality disorder in 120 subjects, 60 cases, and 60 normal controls. Bear-Fedio inventory (BFI) was used to study different behavior traits in patients with TLE and controls. RESULTS: Prevalence of personality disorders was higher (71.7% in cases versus 38.3% in controls) in patients with TLE compared to controls (P < .001). Some personality traits like schizoid (P = .002), dissocial (P = .001), impulsive (P = .003), anankastic (P < .001), anxious (P < .001), and dependent (P < .001) personalities were found to have high prevalence in TLE. Personality disorder was higher among those cases who had been tried on more than two antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) (P = .033) and in those with duration of illness more than 10 years (P = .026). Cases also showed significantly higher score in BFI for all behavioral traits except for aggression. No significant difference of BFI score was seen based on laterality of epileptic focus, gender, duration of illness, or number of AEDs tried. CONCLUSION: There is a significantly higher prevalence of personality disorders in patients with TLE. Specific interventions for these disorders should be considered at the earliest pari passu with AEDs and surgery.

Pathological Traits Associated to Facebook and Twitter among French Users.

BACKGROUND: With a growing number of users, social networking sites have been the subject of numerous recent studies, but little investigation has been given to their problematic use. OBJECTIVES: Our main objective was to study the relationship between psychopathological variables (i.e., personality traits, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and stress) and problematic Facebook and Twitter use. PARTICIPANTS AND METHOD: A sample of 1068 Internet users (Mage = 26.64; SD = 9.5) has been recruited online. Participants completed scales exploring problematic Facebook and Twitter use, and psychopathological variables. RESULTS: Problematic Facebook and Twitter use were predicted by different pathological personality traits, regrouped in clusters in our study. Depressive and anxiety symptoms were also predictive of problematic Facebook and Twitter use but only stress explained problematic Facebook use. Gender differences have been observed. DISCUSSION: This study highlights the relationship between depression, anxiety, stress, pathological personality traits, and problematic Facebook and Twitter use. Significant differences have been retrieved between these two uses and their relationship to psychopathology. Future research should also explore the causal relationship between social networking sites use and psychopathology and consider gender.

Clinical Manifestations of Hepatic Encephalopathy.

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) occurs in patients with acute-on-chronic liver disease. It has a wide progression of symptoms, with its initial presentation being subtle. The symptoms of HE mainly affect mental status, the musculoskeletal system, and mood/behavior. Its severity ranges from minor disturbances in sleep-wake cycle to the patient being comatose. HE is categorized based on 4 main features: the underlying disease, the severity of manifestations, the time course, and whether precipitating factors are present. The severity of the manifestations is classically identified using the West Haven Criteria. There are several other clinical tests, but they require further validation.

The predictive power of personality through psychopathology in Alzheimer's disease: a control study of self-report and baseline retrospective assessment.

Although there is a growing body of literature on the Alzheimer's disease (AD) personality changes, its relationships with personality disorders are still largely understudied. The relationships between the Five-Factor Model and the Axis II personality disorders were explored in the context of current and baseline personality in AD. The study was conducted with four groups who were administered the NEO-FFI and the PDQ-4+, mainly in interview sessions. Self-report measurement: AD Group, 40 female participants (M = 81.48 years); Control Group, 47 female participants from the population at large (M = 76.81 years). Baseline retrospective measurement: AD Group Informants (n = 40); Control Group Informants (n = 47). Three logistic regressions were computed. The baseline Neuroticism moderates the Neuroticism in the current clinical state. High Neuroticism, low Openness, high Cluster B, and baseline high Neuroticism, predicted the presence of AD diagnosis, accounting for 85% of the variance. In order to increase sensitivity towards an earlier diagnosis in AD, future empirically-based research should take into account an assessment set of structural personality variables.

Neural correlates of improvements in personality and behavior following a neurological event.

Research on changes in personality and behavior following brain damage has focused largely on negative outcomes, such as increased irritability, moodiness, and social inappropriateness. However, clinical observations suggest that some patients may actually show positive personality and behavioral changes following a neurological event. In the current work, we investigated neuroanatomical correlates of positive personality and behavioral changes following a discrete neurological event (e.g., stroke, benign tumor resection). Patients (N = 97) were rated by a well-known family member or friend on five domains of personality and behavior: social behavior, irascibility, hypo-emotionality, distress, and executive functioning. Ratings were acquired during the chronic epoch of recovery, when psychological status was stabilized. We identified patients who showed positive changes in personality and behavior in one or more domains of functioning. Lesion analyses indicated that positive changes in personality and behavior were most consistently related to damage to the bilateral frontal polar regions and the right anterior dorsolateral prefrontal region. These findings support the conclusion that improvements in personality and behavior can occur after a neurological event, and that such changes have systematic neuroanatomical correlates. Patients who showed positive changes in personality and behavior following a neurological event were rated as having more disturbed functioning prior to the event. Our study may be taken as preliminary evidence that improvements in personality and behavior following a neurological event may involve dampening of (premorbidly) more extreme expressions of emotion.

Acquired Personality Disturbances After Meningioma Resection Are Strongly Associated With Impaired Quality of Life.

BACKGROUND: Some patients experience long-term declines in quality of life following meningioma resection, but associated factors are not well understood. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether long-term declines in quality of life (specifically impaired adaptive functioning) after meningioma resection are associated with specific personality disturbances that often develop with lesions in ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). METHODS: We studied 38 patients who underwent resection of meningioma, 18 of whom had vmPFC lesions and 20 with lesions elsewhere (non-vmPFC). A total of 30 personality characteristics were rated by spouse or family, and a neuropsychologist blindly rated adaptive functioning an average of 3.8 yr postresection. Relevant personality disturbance was defined by a priori process: the presence of "conjoint personality disturbance" required specific disturbances in at least 2 of 4 types of disturbance: executive disorders, disturbed social behavior, emotional dysregulation, and hypoemotionality. RESULTS: Fourteen patients had impaired adaptive functioning: 12 had vmPFC lesions and 2 had non-vmPFC lesions. Fourteen patients had conjoint personality disturbance, and 12 of them had impaired adaptive functioning. By contrast, among the 24 patients who did not have conjoint personality disturbance, only 2 had impaired adaptive functioning. Mediation analysis showed that the association between vmPFC lesions and impaired adaptive functioning was mediated by the negative impact of acquired personality disturbance on adaptive functioning. CONCLUSION: Anterior skull base meningiomas plus resection surgery may result in specific personality disturbances that are highly associated with impaired adaptive functioning at long-term follow-up. These patients may benefit from early counseling regarding potential personality changes and their implications for adaptive functioning.

Long-term Neuropsychiatric and Neuropsychological Sequelae of Endovascularly Treated Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

INTRODUCTION: There is limited evidence regarding long-term outcomes of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage survivors. Most follow-up programs are relatively short and focused on physical functions. Endovascular aneurysmal embolization enables recovery of normal vascular architecture. However, there is growing evidence that neuropsychological and behavior sequelae can significantly impact the lives of these patients, even when treatment is successful. In this study, we reviewed cognition, psychiatric and neuropsychological symptoms, global functionality, and health-related quality of life 10 to 12 years after an aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional observational study was carried out in a university hospital. All cases of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage admitted between January 2004 and December 2006 and endovascularly treated were reviewed. Participants underwent a neuropsychological evaluation and a clinical interview with a psychiatrist. RESULTS: Fourteen patients participated in the study. Almost 70% (n = 10) showed cognitive impairment; in more than 40% (n = 6) of the subjects, significant symptoms of anxiety were identified, and 35% (n = 5) were classified as having clinical depression. Relevant posttraumatic symptoms were reported by more than 70% (n = 10) of patients, and almost 30% (n = 4) showed other moderate neuropsychiatric symptoms. Overall, health-related quality of life was impaired, and personality changes were frequently reported by the participants and their relatives. DISCUSSION: A significant prevalence of ongoing deficits in high-level functioning and reduced health-related quality of life were observed in a sample of young and professionally active individuals that were successfully treated and discharged from follow-up consultations. CONCLUSION: There is a need for better follow-up strategies, targeting more subtle deficits and psychological symptoms after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Introdução: As evidências sobre a evolução a longo prazo dos sobreviventes de uma hemorragia subaracnoideia aneurismática são relativamente limitadas. A maioria dos programas de follow-up têm uma curta duração e são focados principalmente nas funções motoras. Apesar da embolização aneurismática endovascular permitir uma recuperação da arquitetura vascular normal, há evidências crescentes de que certas sequelas neuropsicológicas e comportamentais podem afetar significativamente a vida desses pacientes, a longo prazo, mesmo quando o tratamento é bem-sucedido. Neste estudo, analisamos os sintomas cognitivos, psiquiátricos e neuropsicológicos, a funcionalidade global e a qualidade de vida relacionada com a saúde, 10 a 12 anos após uma hemorragia subaracnoideia aneurismática. Material e Métodos: Um estudo observacional, transversal, foi realizado num hospital universitário. Todos os casos de hemorragia subaracnoideia aneurismática, admitidos entre janeiro de 2004 e dezembro de 2006, tratados endovascularmente, foram revistos. Os participantes foram sujeitos a uma avaliação neuropsicológicas e a uma entrevista clínica com um psiquiatra. Resultados: Participaram no estudo 14 doentes. Cerca de 70% (n = 10) apresentavam compromisso cognitivo; em mais de 40% (n = 6) foram identificados sintomas significativos de ansiedade e 35% (n = 5) foram classificados como tendo depressão clínica. Sintomas de stress pós-traumático relevantes foram relatados por mais de 70% (n = 10) e quase 30% (n = 4) apresentavam sintomas neuropsiquiátricos moderados. Em geral, a qualidade de vida relacionada com o estado de saúde encontrava-se reduzida e relatos de alterações de personalidade foram frequentemente feitos pelos participantes e seus familiares. Discussão: Uma prevalência significativa de défices em altos níveis de funcionamento e uma redução da qualidade de vida relacionada com a saúde foi observada numa amostra de indivíduos jovens e profissionalmente ativos, que foram tratados com sucesso e tiveram alta das consultas de seguimento. Conclusão: São necessárias melhores estratégias de follow-up, visando défices cognitivos e sintomas psicológicos mais subtis, após uma hemorragia subaracnoideia aneurismática.

Role of the kynurenine pathway and the endocannabinoid system as modulators of inflammation and personality traits.

BACKGROUND: Kynurenine pathway metabolites and endocannabinoids both exert potent regulatory effects on the immune system, but the relationship between these molecules is unknown. The role of these immunobiological mediators in emotionality and personality traits is not previously characterized. METHODS: Interleukin-6 (IL-6), 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and picolinic acid (PIC) were measured in the plasma of physically healthy individuals who had history of mood, anxiety, and personality disorders (n = 96) or who had no history of any psychiatric disorder (n = 56) by DSM-5 Criteria. Dimensional assessments of personality were performed using the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) and the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ). RESULTS: Plasma IL-6 levels were significantly associated with plasma 2-AG levels and plasma PIC levels across all subjects. PIC levels were also negatively associated with 2-AG levels across all subjects, independent of IL-6 levels. In our analysis of the biological determinants of personality factors, we identified significant associations between IL-6 and novelty seeking assessment, and between PIC and neuroticism assessment. CONCLUSIONS: These data provide evidence of a biological link between metabolites of the kynurenine pathway, the endocannabinoid system and IL-6 and suggest that these factors may influence personality traits.

Trastorno de la personalidad y disfunción de la articulación temporomandibular / Personality disorder and temporomandibular joint dysfunction

RESUMEN Introducción: Existe una prevalencia de la disfunción de la articulación temporomandibular relacionada con los trastornos de la personalidad por los estados de ánimo que experimentan estos pacientes. Objetivo: Determinar la comorbilidad de los trastornos de la personalidad y la disfunción de la articulación temporomandibular. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo y transversal, en la consulta de Ortodoncia, en el período de un año, desde febrero de 2017 a 2018. El universo fue de 250 pacientes; se seleccionó una muestra de 64 por muestreo aleatorio simple, de acuerdo con los criterios de inclusión. La presencia de disfunción temporomandibular se evaluó por el índice de disfunción de Maglione y colaboradores. Resultados: Presentaron disfunción de la articulación temporomandibular 57 pacientes, de los cuales el 46,87 por ciento tenía disfunción II (moderada), el 89,06 por ciento presentó algún trastorno de la personalidad como el histriónico (25,00 por ciento) y el obsesivo compulsivo (26,56 por ciento). Conclusiones: La mayoría de los pacientes examinados tuvieron una relación entre los trastornos de la personalidad con la disfunción de la articulación temporomandibular, por lo que existe una comorbilidad de ambas entidades(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: There is a prevalence of temporomandibular joint dysfunction which is related to personality disorders, due to the moods experienced by these patients. Objective: Determine the comorbidity of personality disorders and temporomandibular joint dysfunction. Methods: A cross-sectional observational descriptive study was conducted at the Orthodontics service during one year, from February 2017 to 2018. The study universe was 250 patients, of whom a sample of 64 was selected by simple random sampling on the basis of inclusion criteria. The presence of temporomandibular dysfunction was determined by Maglione and collaborators' dysfunction index. Results: Temporomandibular joint dysfunction was found in 57 patients, of whom 46.87 percent had dysfunction class II (moderate), and 89.06 percent had some sort of personality disorder, such as histrionic (25.00 percent) or obsessive-compulsive personality (26.56 percent). Conclusions: In most of the patients examined a relationship was found between personality disorders and temporomandibular joint dysfunction, showing that there is comorbidity between the two conditions(AU)