Plastic Clamp Versus Conventional Surgical Dissection Technique in Pediatric Circumcision: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

PURPOSE: Phimosis is a common condition of the urinary system in children and often requires surgical treatment. However, the optimal method of circumcision for children has not been determined. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the safety and effectiveness of plastic clamp with conventional surgical circumcision in pediatric circumcision. METHODS: A literature search was carried out to compare the plastic clamp and conventional dissection technique in the pediatric population. The following search terms were used: "circumcision", "plastic clamp", "conventional", "plastibell", "children" and etc. Meta-analysis was used to pool and evaluate variables such as operative time, blood loss, wound infection, bleeding, edema, and total postoperative complications. RESULTS: The plastic clamp technique (PCT) was used in 10,412 of the 17,325 participants in the nine studies, while the conventional surgical dissection technique (CST) was used on 6913 patients. When compared to the CST approach, the PCT approach resulted in shorter operative times (mean difference (MD) -17.48, 95% CI -22 to -12.96; P < 0.001), less blood loss (MD -4.25, 95% CI -7.75 to -0.77; P = 0.02), and a higher incidence of postoperative edema (OR 2.33, 95% CI 1.34 to 4.08; P = 0.003). However, no significant difference was found in the incidence of postoperative complications, including wound infection and bleeding between PCT and CST. CONCLUSIONS: PCT is a safe and time-saving option in the pediatric population. However, this method appeared to have a significant greater rate of postoperative edema.

Topical corticosteroids for treating phimosis in boys.

BACKGROUND: This is an updated version of a Cochrane Review first published in 2014. Phimosis is a condition in which the prepuce (foreskin) cannot be fully retracted past the head of the penis (glans). Phimosis is often treated surgically by circumcision or prepuce plasty; however, reports of non-invasive treatment using topical corticosteroids applied for four to eight weeks have suggested favorable outcomes. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of topical corticosteroids applied to the stenotic portion of the prepuce for the treatment of phimosis in boys compared with placebo or no treatment. SEARCH METHODS: We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, LILACS, and ClinicalTrial.gov. We checked reference lists of included studies and relevant reviews for additional studies. There were no restrictions on the language of publication. The date of the last search was 4 October 2023. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared the use of any topical corticosteroid with placebo or no treatment for boys with any type or degree of phimosis. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two review authors independently selected studies, extracted data related to the review's primary and secondary outcomes, and assessed the studies' risk of bias. We used the random-effects model for statistical analyses and expressed dichotomous outcomes as risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We contacted the authors of the primary articles to request details of the study design and specific outcome data. We used GRADE to assess the certainty of evidence on a per-outcome basis. MAIN RESULTS: In this update, we identified two new studies with 111 participants, bringing the total number of included studies to 14 (1459 randomized participants). We found that types of corticosteroids investigated, participant age, degree of phimosis, type of phimosis, and treatment duration varied considerably among studies. Compared with placebo or no treatment, topical corticosteroids may increase the complete resolution of phimosis after four to eight weeks of treatment (RR 2.73, 95% CI 1.79 to 4.16; I² = 72%; 10 trials, 834 participants; low-certainty evidence). Based on 252 complete resolutions per 1000 boys in the control group, this corresponds to 436 more complete resolutions per 1000 boys (95% CI 199 more to 796 more). We downgraded the certainty of the evidence by one level for serious study limitations and by one level for serious inconsistency. Topical corticosteroids may also increase the partial resolution of phimosis at four to eight weeks of treatment compared with placebo or no treatment (RR 1.68, 95% CI 1.17 to 2.40; I² = 44%; 7 trials, 745 participants; low-certainty evidence). Based on 297 partial resolutions per 1000 boys in the control group, this corresponds to 202 more partial resolutions per 1000 boys (95% CI 50 more to 416 more). We downgraded the certainty of the evidence by one level for serious study limitations and by one level for serious inconsistency. We are uncertain of the effect of topical corticosteroids compared to placebo on change in retractability score (standardized mean difference [SMD] -1.48, 95% CI -2.93 to -0.03; I²91%; 2 trials, 177 participants; very low-certainty evidence). We downgraded the certainty of the evidence by one level for serious study limitations, one level for serious heterogeneity, and one level for serious imprecision. Compared with placebo, topical corticosteroids may increase the long-term complete resolution of phimosis six or more months after treatment (RR 4.09, 95% CI 2.80 to 5.97; I² = 0%; 2 trials, 280 participants; low-certainty evidence). Based on 171 long-term complete resolutions per 1000 boys in the control group, this corresponds to 528 more complete resolutions per 1000 boys (95% CI 308 more to 850 more). We downgraded the certainty of the evidence by one level for serious study limitations and by one level for serious imprecision. There may be little or no difference in the risk of adverse effects between topical corticosteroids and placebo or no treatment (RR 0.28, 95% CI 0.03 to 2.62; I² = 22%; 11 trials, 1091 participants; low-certainty evidence). Only two of 11 studies that recorded adverse effects reported any adverse effects; one event occurred in the corticosteroid group and six in the control group. We downgraded the certainty of the evidence by one level for serious study limitations and by one level for serious imprecision. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Topical corticosteroids, compared to placebo or no treatment, may increase complete and partial resolution of phimosis when assessed after four to eight weeks of treatment, and may increase long-term complete resolution of phimosis assessed six or more months after treatment. Topical corticosteroids may have few or no adverse effects, and we are uncertain about their effect on retractability scores. The body of evidence is limited by poor reporting of methods in the studies, important clinical heterogeneity, and serious imprecision in the results. Future, higher-quality trials with long-term follow-up would likely improve our understanding of the effects of topical corticoids on phimosis in boys.

[Research progress and application status of circumcision].

Circumcision is the simplest, most commonly used and most effective treatment for male prepuce overlength, phimosis and other diseases. There has also been a shift from traditional circumcision to simpler, faster, less invasive, instrument-based methods. This paper reviews the surgical methods of circumcision(Traditional circumcision、Electrosurgical circumcision、Laser circumcision、Sleeve circumcision, Dermotomy at the base of penis, Shangring, Gomco, Mogen, PlastiBell, PrePex, Alisklamp and Disposable circumcision suture apparatus), hoping to provide reference for clinicians to choose the appropriate circumcision methods for patients.

[Precise marking method assisted modified circumcision with a disposable foreskin circumcision device-Preliminary experience and report of 41 cases].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the safety, feasibility, and technical points of the improved circumcision procedure assisted by a precise marking method circumcision device. METHOD: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 41 cases of modified foreskin circumcision using precise marking method in the urology department of our hospital from February 2021 to January 2023 as the observation group, and 60 cases of traditional foreskin circumcision assisted by traditional foreskin circumcision during the same period as the control group. Compare and analyze indicators such as the distance from the anastomotic margin to the coronal sulcus, postoperative erectile tension, edema, hematoma, postoperative infection, and the presence of sexual intercourse pain between two groups of patients. The number of patients in the observation group who experienced erectile tension at 3 months after surgery was lower than that in the control group (P<0.05), and the number of patients with sexual pain was lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). The distance from the incision edge to the coronal sulcus was closer to 0.5 cm in the observation group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Compared with traditional circumcision, the precise marking method assisted by a modified circumcision device can more accurately control the position of the cutting edge, reduce the incidence of postoperative erectile tension and sexual pain, and is a feasible and safe surgical method.

Diagnóstico diferencial del megaprepucio congénito: relevancia terapéutica y pronóstica / Differential diagnosis of congenital megaprepuce: therapeutic and prognostic relevance

El megaprepucio congénito es una patología urológica propia dela infancia que puede ser fácilmente confundida con otras entidadesclínicas como la fimosis fisiológica o el pene enterrado. Debido al riesgode complicaciones asociadas, principalmente de carácter infeccioso uobstructivo con afectación del tracto urinario superior, es importanteincidir en su correcto diagnóstico de cara a ofertar un tratamiento precoz.Presentamos tres casos de megaprepucio congénito, diagnosticados eintervenidos en nuestro servicio durante el periodo comprendido entreenero de 2019 y mayo de 2020, describiéndose el diagnóstico, la tera-péutica empleada y la evolución clínica.

Congenital megaprepuce is a urological pathology typical ofchildhood. It can be easily mistaken for other clinical entities such asphysiological phimosis or buried penis. Owing to the risk of associ-ated complications – primarily infectious and obstructive complications,with upper urinary tract involvement –, achieving an accurate diagnosisproves particularly significant for early treatment initiation. We presentthree cases of congenital megaprepuce diagnosed and operated on atour department from January 2019 to May 2020. Diagnosis, therapy,and clinical progression are described.

Bloqueo del nervio dorsal del pene en la analgesia postoperatoria en la cirugía de fimosis. Hospital Pediátrico Hermanos Cordové. Abril 2017-2018 / Dorsal nerve block of the penis in postoperative analgesia in phimosis surgery. Hermanos Cordové Pediatric Hospital. April 2017 - 2018

Introducción: lograr una adecuada analgesia posoperatoria en la cirugía pediátrica se ha convertido en uno de los objetivos más importantes de la anestesia contemporánea, para lo cual se emplean diferentes métodos, entre estos el bloqueo de los nervios sensitivos. Objetivo: describir los resultados del bloqueo del nervio dorsal del pene para la analgesia posoperatoria de la cirugía de fimosis. Método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo comparativo prospectivo en el Hospital Pediátrico Hermanos Cordové de la ciudad de Manzanillo en el periodo comprendido desde abril 2017 a 2018, cuyo universo estuvo conformado por 80 pacientes ingresados e intervenidos quirúrgicamente de forma electiva en cirugía de fimosis, divididos aleatoriamente en dos grupos a los cuales se les aplicó la técnica de anestesia general y bloqueo del nervio dorsal del pene y a otro grupo se le aplicó la técnica anestesia general combinada con opioides. Resultados: el grupo etáreo que más incidencia de casos tuvo fue el de 4-6 años en el grupo estudio para un 52.5 por ciento y en el grupo control de 7-9 años para 47.5 por ciento. El promedio de edad en el grupo de estudio fue de 4.77 con una DE+_1.95 y en el grupo de control se constató una media de 5.95 con una DE+_ 2.16, no se presentaron complicaciones relacionadas con la técnica y 36 pacientes no tuvieron dolor (90 por ciento). Conclusiones: podemos considerar que es una técnica anestésica con mínimas complicaciones, favoreciendo la recuperación anestésica a corto plazo, lo que se refleja en el alta temprana, disminuyendo la estancia hospitalaria y reduce los costos familiares e institucionales(AU)

Introduction: Achieving adequate postoperative analgesia in pediatric surgery has become one of the most important objectives of contemporary anesthesia, for which different methods are used, including blocking sensitive nerves. Objective: to describe the results of the dorsal nerve blockage of the penis for postoperative analgesia of phymosis surgery. Method: A prospective comparative descriptive study was carried out at the Hermanos Cordové Pediatric Hospital in the city of Manzanillo in the period from April 2017 to 2018, whose universe consisted of 80 patients entered and surgically surgically surgery electively in phymosis surgery, randomly divided into two groups to which the technique of general anesthesia and block age of the dorsal nerve of the penis was applied and another group was given the general anesthesia technique combined with opioids. Results: the ethereal group that had the highest incidence of cases was the 4-6 year in the study group for 52.5 percent and in the control group of 7-9 years for 47.5 percent. The average age in the study group was 4.77 with a DE+_1.95 and the control group found an average of 5.95 with a DE+_ 2.16, no complications related to the technique and 36 patients had no pain (90 percent). Conclusions: we can consider it to be an anesthetic technique with minimal complications, favoring short-term anesthetic recovery, which is reflected in early discharge, reducing hospital stay and reducing family and institutional costs(EU)

Postoperative aesthetic and healing features of postectomy using three different surgical techniques: a randomized, prospective, and interdisciplinary analysis / Aspectos estético e cicatricial pós-operatórios da postectomia por três diferentes técnicas cirúrgicas: análise randomizada, prospectiva e interdisciplinar

ABSTRACT Objective: to compare the postoperative esthetic and healing aspects of postectomy performed by different surgical techniques, based on the evaluation of different specialty expert professionals. Methods: prospective and randomized clinical trial enrolling 149 preschool children with a medical indication for circumcision, divided into three groups: postectomy with the hemostatic device Plastibell® (PB group), conventional technique (CV group) and conventional with subcuticular stitches (SC group). Pictures were taken from patients at pre-defined angles on the 30th and 60th postoperative days. Photos were evaluated by three specialists (dermatologist, pediatrician and plastic surgeon), who assigned scores from 1 to 5 regarding the esthetic and healing features at each moment. Grades 4 or 5 from all specialists characterized "best result". Data were analysed to compare the used surgical techniques, the judgments from specialties and postoperative complications. Results: most of the patients obtained the "best result" regarding healing (70%) and esthetics (56%). The final overall result showed the PB group as the best for healing (p=0.028) and the SC group as the best for esthetics (p=0.002). For the dermatologist, on the 60th postoperative day, the CV group presented the worst aesthetic result, whereas for the pediatrician and the plastic surgeon, the PB group presented the best healing result and the SC group had the best esthetic result. There was no difference between the groups regarding the presence of complications. Conclusion: the most common surgical techniques used to perform postectomy in children were differently assessed regarding healing and esthetic features by distinct medical professionals. The analysis of these two parameters among experts from related areas diverged among them and over time.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar os aspectos estético e cicatricial pós-operatórios (PO) de pacientes submetidos a postectomia por diferentes técnicas cirúrgicas a partir da avaliação de profissionais experientes de áreas afins. Método: ensaio clínico prospectivo e randomizado, incluindo 149 meninos em idade pré-escolar com indicação médica de postectomia, divididos em três grupos: postectomia com dispositivo hemostático Plastibell® (grupo PB), técnica convencional (grupo CV) e convencional com pontos subcuticulares (grupo SC). Os pacientes foram fotografados em ângulos predefinidos no 30º e 60º dias de PO e as fotos avaliadas por três especialistas (dermatologista, pediatra e cirurgião plástico) que atribuíram notas entre 1 e 5, quanto aos aspectos estético e cicatricial em cada momento. Notas 4 ou 5 de todos os especialistas caracterizaram o "melhor resultado". Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística para comparar as técnicas cirúrgicas, as avaliações dos especialistas e as complicações pós-operatórias. Resultados: a maioria dos pacientes obteve "melhor resultado" cicatricial (70%) e estético (56%). O resultado geral final apontou o grupo PB como superior quanto à cicatrização (p=0,028) e o grupo SC quanto ao aspecto estético (p=0,002). Para o dermatologista, na segunda avaliação, o grupo CV apresentou o pior resultado estético, enquanto para o pediatra e o cirurgião plástico, o grupo PB apresentou o melhor resultado cicatricial e o grupo SC o melhor resultado estético. Não houve diferença entre os grupos quanto à presença de complicações. Conclusão: as técnicas cirúrgicas mais empregadas para realizar postectomia em crianças foram avaliadas quanto aos resultados cicatricial e estético de distintas maneiras. A análise desses dois parâmetros entre especialistas de áreas afins divergiu entre eles e ao longo do tempo.

Situación de la circuncisión por motivos religiosos en España / Situation of religious circumcision in Spain

Introducción: la realización de la circuncisión por motivos culturales o religiosos es una práctica cuya indicación no está bien definida dentro de nuestra práctica médica. El objetivo de nuestro trabajo es mostrar la diversidad de su práctica en España a fin de establecer un protocolo de actuación general con respecto a este tema. Material y métodos: se ha realizado una encuesta nacional en 49 centros públicos con disponibilidad de servicio de cirugía pediátrica, en la que se recogen datos epidemiológicos, descriptivos y de opinión tanto colectiva como del personal médico sobre las derivaciones recibidas para hacer circuncisión. Resultados: se enviaron 200 encuestas, de las que se obtuvieron un total de 142 respuestas, el 76,6% de los facultativos no realizan circuncisiones por motivo religioso en el ámbito público. El 89% de los pacientes vistos en consulta son derivados por su pediatra. Hasta el 65% de los médicos afirman que han tenido algún conflicto con la familia del paciente cuando rechazan la indicación de la circuncisión por esta razón. De los profesionales que aceptan la intervención, el 39% lo hace para evitar la cirugía en peores condiciones fuera del hospital. El 57% de los cirujanos desconoce si esta indicación está incluida en la cartera de servicios del Sistema Nacional de Salud. Conclusiones: en base a nuestra encuesta, la mayoría de los profesionales desconoce si esta indicación está dentro de la cartera de servicios y coinciden en la necesidad de tener un consenso de actuación. Es importante tener una actitud conjunta, conocer todas las opiniones, y crear un protocolo de manejo de esta situación

Introduction: the performance circumcision for cultural or religious reasons is a practice whose indication is not well defined within the scope of medical practice in Spain. The objective of this study was to illustrate the variability in its practice in Spain with the purpose of eventually establishing a general protocol on the subject. Material and methods: we conducted a nationwide survey of public hospitals with a paediatric surgery department to collect epidemiological and descriptive data and opinions, both general and from individual medical providers, on the referrals received for performance of circumcision. Results: we submitted 200 questionnaires and received 142 responses, and 76.6% of the responding physicians reported not performing circumcisions for religious reasons in their practice in the public health system. Of all patients seen for a consultation, 89% had been referred by their paediatricians. Up to 65% of doctors reported having conflict with families when they refused to perform circumcision for this indication. Of the professionals who agreed on religious reasons as an indication, 39% performed the surgery to prevent its being performed under poorer conditions outside a hospital. Of all paediatric surgeons, 57% did not know whether this indication is included among the services covered by the National Health System. Conclusions: based on our survey, most professionals do not know whether this indication is included in the services covered by the public health system and agree on the need of establishing a consensus guideline. We believe that it is important to have a homogeneous approach, to explore the opinions of the professional collective as a whole and to develop a general protocol for approaching this situation

Patología peneana y vulvar en la edad pediátrica / Penile and vulvar pathology in the pediatric age

La patología del pene y la vulvar en niñas es un motivo de consulta muy frecuente en urología pediátrica y suele ser origen hasta de consultas por problemas que no lo son, como las adherencias balanoprepuciales, la fimosis -fisiológica en el recién nacido y lactante- o el tamaño, que siempre preocupa por defecto. Describimos los principales procesos que solemos encontrar en consulta tanto de urología pediátrica como en atención primaria

The pathology of the penis as well as the vaginal pathology in girls are a very frequent presentation in pediatric Urology and usually comes from consultations for problems that are not, such as balanopreputial adhesions, phimosis, or the size of the penis that always worries about. We will describe the main processes that we find in consultation urology and primary care

Preventive newborn male circumcision: what is the child’s best interest? / Circuncisión masculina preventiva del recién nacido: ¿Cuál es el mejor interés del niño?

Preventive newborn male circumcision has been at the center of scientific debate for many years. The reason for promoting preventive newborn male circumcision is the reduction of the incidence of UTIs (in the first six months of life), penile cancer, transmission of STDs/HIV infection/AIDS. However preventive interventions in the newborn involving violations of bodily integrity elicit several ethical questions. In this article, we reviewed the literature regarding circumcision, the prevention of UTIs, penile cancer, transmission of STDs/HIV infection/AIDS and complications of this practice in the neonatal period. The very limited reduction of incidence of UTIs and the uncertain preventive role of newborn male circumcision towards penile cancer, STDs/HIV infection and AIDS, makes it difficult to justify male circumcision in newborns. Moreover, the challenge in obtaining a unanimous opinion on newborn male circumcision derives from the fact that, as a preventive intervention, it requires evaluation criteria that are not comparable to those of therapeutic treatments. Since preventive male circumcision determines permanent alteration of the body, some authors believe that it can be used only in subjects that are capable of giving their valid consent. In the case of a newborn, the "child’s best interest" should be used as a standard, but preventive newborn male circumcision does not satisfy it

La circuncisión masculina como tratamiento preventivo en recién nacidos ha estado en el centro del debate científico durante muchos años. Las razones para promover la circuncisión masculina preventiva en niños han sido la reducción de la incidencia de infecciones del tracto urinario (en los primeros seis meses de vida, UTIs), el cáncer de pene, la transmisión de VIH/SIDA y de otras enfermedades de transmisión sexual. Sin embargo, las intervenciones preventivas neonatales, que implican una violación de la integridad corporal del niño, presentan varias cuestiones éticas. En este artículo, revisamos la literatura con respecto a la circuncisión, la prevención de las UTIs, el cáncer de pene, la transmisión de VIH/SIDA y otras enfermedades de transmisión sexual y las complicaciones de esta práctica en el período neonatal. La muy limitada reducción de la incidencia de las UTIs y la incertidumbre en cuanto a la función preventiva de la circuncisión masculina en recién nacidos en relación con el cáncer de pene, la infección de VIH/SIDA y otras enfermedades de transmisión sexual, hace que sea difícil justificar la circuncisión masculina de tipo preventivo en neonatos. Por otra parte, los desafíos que aparecen en la obtención de una opinión unánime sobre la circuncisión masculina del recién nacido derivan del hecho que, como una intervención preventiva, se requieren criterios de evaluación que no son comparables a criterios de los tratamientos terapéuticos. Puesto que la circuncisión masculina preventiva determina una alteración permanente del cuerpo, algunos autores creen que puede ser utilizada sólo en los sujetos que son capaces de dar su consentimiento válido. En el caso de un recién nacido, "el mejor interés del niño" debe ser el estándar de referencia, pero la circuncisión masculina con carácter preventivo en niños recién nacidos no satisface este estándar

Disposable circumcision suture devices versus Shang ring circumcision for management of redundant prepuce or phimosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis / Dispositivos de sutura de circuncisón desechables y circuncisión del anillo Shang para el manejo del prepucio redundante o fimosis: una revisión sistemática y metaanálisis

Objective. To evaluate the clinic efficacy and safety of the disposable circumcision suture device (DCSD) and Shang ring circumcision (SRC) in the treatment of redundant prepuce or phimosis with a meta-analysis. Material and methods. Electronic databases including PubMed, Embase, Wan Fang, VIP, CNKI and CBM database were researched from inception to August 30, 2016 for relevant RCTs and prospective studies, the reference lists of the included studies were also searched manually. The risk ratios (RR) or mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) as the effect sizes were calculated by the Revman 5.3 and stata 12.0 software. Results. Twelve RCTs or prospective studies were included with 3345 patients among which 1661 cases received DCSD treatment and 1684 SRC. Compared to the Shang ring circumcision treatment, the disposable circumcision suture device provided a significantly shorter operation time [MD=−0.94, 95%CI (-1.76, -0.12), P=0.02], lower pain scores [MD=-1.89, 95%CI (-2.72, -1.07), P<0.001], no stitch removal pain, better postoperative penile appearance [RR=1.10, 95%CI (1.04, 1.17), P=0.001], fewer complications [RR=0.42, 95%CI (0.32, 0.56), P<0.001] and shorter wound healing time [MD=-8.92, 95%CI (-10.79, -7.05), P<0.001]. Meanwhile, there is more intraoperative blood loss [MD=0.12, 95%CI (0.02, 0.22), P=0.02], and more treatment cost [MD=877.57, 95%CI (737.94, 1017.20); P<0.001]. Conclusions. Based on the results of our meta-analysis, DCSD is more effective and safer than SRC. Thus, it has the advantages of shorter operation time, lower pain scores, better postoperative penile appearance, fewer complication and shorter wound healing time. However, the results need additional high-quality multicenter RCTs to evaluate in the future (AU)

Objetivo. Evaluar la eficacia clínica y la seguridad en el tratamiento del prepucio redundante o fimosis con los dispositivos de sutura de circuncisión desechable (DCSD) y la circuncisión del anillo Shang (SRC). Material y métodos. Se investigaron las bases de datos en línea, como PubMed, Embase, Wan Fang, VIP, CNKI y CBM desde el inicio hasta el 30 de agosto de 2016 para ensayos controlados aleatorios y estudios prospectivos relevantes, así como las listas de referencias de los estudios incluidos. Las relaciones de riesgo (RR) o la diferencia de medias (MD) con intervalos de confianza (IC) del 95% (IC 95%) así como los tamaños del efecto se calcularon con el software Revman 5.3 y stata 12.0. Resultados. Se incluyeron 12 ECA o estudios prospectivos con 3.345 pacientes, de los cuales 1.661 fueron tratados con el DCSD y 1.684 con SRC. En comparación con el tratamiento con SRC, el DCSD proporcionó un tiempo de operación más corto (MD=-0,94; IC 95% [-1,76, -0,12], p=0,02), sin dolor al extraer las puntadas (MD=−1.89; IC 95% [-2,72, -1,07], p<0,001), y mejor recuperación después de la cirugía (RR=1,10; IC 95% [1,04; 1,17], p=0,001), menos complicaciones (RR=0,42; IC 95% [0,32; 0,56], p<0,001)] y menor tiempo de cicatrización (MD=-8,92; IC 95% (-10,79, -7,05), p<0,001]. Mientras tanto, hay más pérdidas sanguíneas intraoperatorias (MD=0,12; IC 95% [0,02; 0,22]; p=0,02) y más costo de tratamiento (MD=877,57, IC 95% [737,94; 1.017.20]; p<0,001). Conclusión. El DCSD es más eficaz y más seguro que SRC según el resultado del metaanálisis. Por lo tanto, tiene las ventajas de un menor tiempo de operación, menores puntuaciones de dolor, mejor aspecto postoperatorio del pene, menor complicación y menor tiempo de cicatrización de la herida. Se necesitan ECA multicéntricos adicionales de mejor calidad en la evaluación debido a los límites de esta revisión sistemática (AU)

Novel penile circumcision suturing devices versus the shang ring for adult male circumcision: a prospective study

ABSTRACT Introduction To evaluate the safety and efficacy of a novel penile circumcision suturing devices PCSD and Shang ring (SR) for circumcision in an adult population. Materials and Methods A total of 124 outpatients were randomly assigned to receive PCSD (n=62) or SR (n=62). Patient characteristics, operative time, blood loss, return to normal activities time (RNAT), visual analogue scale (VAS), scar width, wound healing time, cosmetic result, and complications were recorded. Results There were no significant differences in blood loss, RNAT, or complications between the two groups. There were no significant differences in the VAS scores at the operation, at 6 or 24 hours after surgery (P>0.05). The wound scar width was wider in the SR group than in the PCSD group (P<0.01). Patients in the SR group had significantly longer wound healing time compared with those in the PCSD group (P<0.01). Patients who underwent PCSD were significantly more satisfied with the cosmetic results (P<0.01). Conclusions SR and PCSD are safe and effective minimally invasive techniques for adult male circumcision. Compared with SRs, PCSDs have the advantages of faster postoperative incision healing and a good effect on wound cosmetics.

Patologias genitais masculinas em cirurgia pediátrica de manejo / Outpatient pediatric surgery of male genital pathologies

Objetivos: Diagnosticar e manejar patologias comuns do trato genital masculino. Métodos: Revisão da literatura do ano de 2011 ao 2017 em base de dados PubMed. Resultados: Hipospádia é a localização anômala do meato uretral. Seu diagnóstico é clínico. As indicações cirúrgicas são anormalidades funcionais e estéticas. Fimose é descrita como impossibilidade de retração do prepcio para exposição da glande peniana, sendo um evento fisiológico quando apresenta resolução espontânea. Nos casos patológicos, o tratamento é primeiramente realizado com corticoide tópico. Se falha, o tratamento é cirúrgico. Hidrocele é o acúmulo de líquido na bolsa escrotal. O diagnóstico é clínico e por transiluminação escrotal. A maioria dos casos regride espontaneamente até os 24-36 meses. A cirurgia é considerada padrão-ouro para hidrocele comunicante na criança. Criptorquidia é a falha na migração do testículo até a bolsa escrotal. Seu diagnóstico é clínico, através da palpação testicular bilateral. Caso os testículos não estejam presentes na bolsa escrotal até os 6 meses de idade, a cirurgia é imprescindível, pelo risco de infertilidade e malignização. Conclusões: É essencial que o médico generalista saiba reconhecer tais condições com o intuito de iniciar prontamente o tratamento adequado, evitando suas complicações.

Aims: Diagnose and manage common pathologies of the male genital tract. Methods: Literary review of the last 6 years in the PubMed database. Results: Hypospadia is an anomalous location of the urethral meatus. The diagnosis is clinical. Surgical indications are functional and aesthetic abnormalities. Fimosis is described as impossibility of retraction of the foreskin to expose the penile glans, it is a physiological event when it presents spontaneous resolution. In pathological cases, treatment is first performed with topical corticosteroids. If it fails, the treatment is surgical. Hydrocele is the accumulation of fluid in the scrotal sac. The diagnosis is clinical and scrotal transillumination. Most cases regress spontaneously up to 24-36 months. Surgery is considered gold standard in cases of communicant hydrocele in children. Cryptorchidism is the failure of the migration of the testis to scrotal sac. The diagnosis is clinical through bilateral testicular palpation. If the testicles are not present in the scrotal sac until 6 months of age, surgery is essential, due to the risk of infertility and malignancy. Conclusions: It is imperative that the general practitioner knows how to recognize such conditions in order to promptly initiate appropriate treatment, avoiding complications.

A wet dressing for male genital surgery: A phase II clinical trial

ABSTRACT Purpose: This study was to confirm the safety and efficacy of BC dressing when used in surgical male wound healing at the urogenital area. Methods: Open, non-controlled clinical study of phase II. A total of 141 patients, among those children, adolescents and adults with hypospadias (112), epispadias (04), phymosis (13) and Peyronie's disease (12) that had a BC dressing applied over the operated area after surgery. A written informed consent was obtained from all participants. Study exclusion criteria were patients with other alternative treatment indications due to the severity, extent of the injury or the underlying disease. The outcomes evaluated were efficacy, safe and complete healing. The costs were discussed. Results: In 68% patients, the BC dressing fell off spontaneously. The BC was removed without complications in 13% of patients at the outpatient clinic during the follow-up visit and 17% not reported the time of removal. In 3% of the cases, the dressing fell off early. Complete healing was observed between 8th and 10th days after surgery. The BC dressings have shown a good tolerance by all the patients and there were no reports of serious adverse events. Conclusion: The bacterial cellulose dressings have shown efficacy, safety and that can be considered as a satisfactory alternative for postoperative wound healing in urogenital area and with low cost.

Balanitis xerótica obliterante, patología infradiagnosticada de relevancia clínica / Balanitis xerotica obliterans, underdiagnosed pathology of clinical relevance

Objetivos. La balanitis xerotica obliterante (BXO) es una enfermedad crónica inflamatoria, variante del liquen escleroso, que afecta a los genitales masculinos. Presentamos nuestra incidencia de BXO y una revisión de la literatura. Material y métodos. Estudio retrospectivo descriptivo de pacientes operados de circuncisión entre abril de 2013 y abril 2014 por fimosis persistente a los 4 años, clínica miccional o con la erección. Se enviaron muestras para estudio patológico de aquéllos con sospecha clínica de BXO. Resultados. Se circuncidaron 339 pacientes. La edad media de intervención fue 6,5 años (Mediana 5 y Moda 4). Once casos (3,9%) fueron diagnosticados de BXO, con una edad media de 8,2 años (6-12 años). Se enviaron 16 muestras (5,7%) para análisis anatomopatológico (AP) por sospecha clínica de BXO, 9 presentaban fimosis cicatricial (2 con estenosis del meato uretral), 1 balanitis, 2 fimosis con prepucio o glande descamativo, 1 retención urinaria aguda por balanitis y 1 reestenosis prepucial. En 10 casos se confirmó liquen escleroátrofico, 2 inflamaciones crónicas, 1 patrón liquenoide y otro normal. Tres pacientes precisaron, además, meatotomía. Los pacientes con BXO fueron tratados con corticoides tópicos postcircuncisión en 10 casos. Conclusiones. Nuestra incidencia es baja en relación a la literatura (10-40% según las series) ya que no remitimos a estudio AP el prepucio de forma rutinaria. La sospecha clínica subestima la incidencia real de BXO hasta en 49% según algunos autores. La circuncisión es curativa en la mayoría de los casos con BXO. La BXO además de producir estenosis del meato y alteraciones uretrales, está relacionado con una alta incidencia de carcinoma de pene

Objectives. Balanitis xerotica obliterans (BXO) is a chronic inflamatory disease, a genital form of Lichen Sclerosus in males. Material and methods. This retrospective and descriptive analysis was carried out by rewiew of the medical records of boys who underwent circumcision from April 2013 to April 2014. The study group consisted of boys that were circumcised due it persistant phimosis at 4 years of age, urinary symptoms or painful erection. The histopathological examination was performed only in patients with clinical suspicion of BXO. Results. 339 patients were circumcised. The mean age of surgery was 6.5 years (Median 5, Mode 4). BXO was confirmed in eleven boys (3.9%) out of 16 biopsies (5.7%), with a mean age of 8.2 years (6-12). Of all the biopsies that were analysed for clinical BXO, 9 had scarring phimosis (2 meatal stenosis), 2 had balanitis and 1 had acute urinary retention, 2 presented descamative foreskin or glands, and 1 had recurrent phimosis. The histopathological examination revealed lichen sclerosus in 10 patients. Meatotomy was performed in 3 boys, one of them in during the follow-up period. 10 patients with BXO were treated with topical corticosteroid cream after circumcision. Conclusions. Our incidence is low in compared to literature (10- 40%) as we did not refer the foreskin routinely to histopathological analysis. The clinical suspicion underestimates the incidence of BXO up to 49%. The circumcision is curative in most cases with BXO. The BXO may produce meatoestenosis and urethral abnormalities, and it is associated with a high incidence of penile carcinoma of the penis

Urological surgery in epidermolysis bullosa: tactical planning for surgery and anesthesia

Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is characterized by extreme fragility of the skin and mucosae. Anesthetic and surgical techniques have to be adapted to those children and routine practice may not be adequate. Urological problems are relatively common, but surgical techniques adapted to those children have not been well debated and only low evidence is available to this moment. Herein we discuss the specifics of anesthetic and surgical techniques chosen to treat a six year old EB male presenting with symptomatic phimosis.

Bloqueo del nervio dorsal del pene versus anestesia general para circuncisión en niños / Block of the penis´ dorsal nerve versus general anaesthesia for circumcision in children

Con el objetivo de determinar el comportamiento anestésico de los niños circuncidados, se realizó un estudio longitudinal, prospectivo y analítico en 100 pacientes con fímosis, que fueron intervenidos quirúrgicamente y recibieron anestesia en la unidad quirúrgica del Hospital Pediátrico Provincial Mártires de Las Tunas, en el período de enero a diciembre del año 2010. La muestra se distribuyó en dos grupos de forma aleatoria; grupo A (n=50): se realizó boqueo del nervio dorsal del pene (BNDP) y grupo B (n=50), operados bajo anestesia general. Se evaluaron las variables: edad, peso, método anestésico, nivel de anestesia quirúrgica, analgesia postoperatoria y complicaciones. Predominaron en la serie edad entre los tres y seis años, El BNDP fue efectivo como anestesia quirúrgica en el 98 por ciento de los niños. El tiempo de recuperación y alta anestésica fue menor en los casos con anestesia regional. La necesidad de analgésicos en la sala de recuperación anestésica y en el hogar fue significativamente menor, así como la analgesia postoperatoria con el uso del BNDP, la cual fue mayor, entre siete y ocho horas. Se presentaron mayores y riesgosas complicaciones con el empleo de la anestesia general. Se concluyó que el bloqueo del nervio dorsal del pene es seguro y de fácil realización (AU)

A longitudinal, prospective and analytical study was carried out in 100 patients with phimosis who were operated and received anaesthesia at the surgical unit of the Mártires de Las Tunas Provincial Paediatric Hospital in the period from January to December, 2010 to determine the anaesthetic behaviour of the circumcised children. The sample was divided into two groups selected at random: group A (n=50): who were practiced a block of the penis´ dorsal nerve (BPDN) and group B (n=50), operated with general anaesthesia. The variables evaluated were: age, weight, anaesthetic method, level of surgical anaesthesia, postoperative analgesia and complications. The ages with more predominance were between three and six years old. The BPDN was effective as surgical anaesthesia in 98 per cent of the children. The recovery period and anaesthetic discharge were less in the cases with regional anaesthesia. The need for analgesics at the anaesthetic recovery room and at home was significantly less, as well as the postoperative analgesia with the use of the BPDN, which was higher, between seven and eight hours. There were greater and more risky complications with the use of general anaesthesia. It was concluded that the block of the penis´ dorsal nerve is safe and easy (AU)

Fimosis: ¿prepucioplastia o circuncisión? / Phimosis: ¿dorsal slit or circumcision?

Objetivos. La fimosis es una de las patologías más frecuentes en la consulta del cirujano pediátrico. El propósito de este estudio es compararlas dos opciones quirúrgicas más extendidas en nuestro medio: prepucioplastia y circuncisión. Material y métodos. Estudio retrospectivo de 1.698 pacientes tratados quirúrgicamente en nuestro servicio por presentar fimosis desde2003 a 2009. Se analizan edad, tiempo quirúrgico y anestésico, técnicaquirúrgica y complicaciones. Se realiza un estudio transversal descriptivo mediante encuesta telefónica a padres y pacientes mayores de16 años en cuanto a dolor postoperatorio, satisfacción estética y funcional .Se considera estadísticamente significativo p<0,05.Resultados. En un 76,6% de los casos (n=1.300) se realizó prepucioplastiay en el otro 23,4% (n= 398) circuncisión. La media de edad fue de 7,15 y la media de seguimiento 42,3 meses. El tiempo quirúrgico fue significativamente mayor en la circuncisión (p<0,0001). Huboun 3% (n= 51) de reintervenciones, sin diferencias entre los grupos. Tampoco encontramos diferencias estadísticamente significativas en cuanto a la reestenosis postoperatoria, aunque la incidencia de sangradosí fue mayor en la circuncisión (1,7%; p=0,03). No encontramos diferencias significativas en cuanto a la apreciación paterna del dolor postoperatorio o la satisfacción estética y funcional entre las dos técnicasquirúrgicas. Conclusiones. No hallamos diferencias en cuanto a la satisfacción subjetiva entre grupos. Aunque sí existen diferencias a nivel de sangrado postoperatorio, la incidencia global es muy baja. En nuestra experiencia ambas técnicas son válidas y seguras, por lo que la elección debe quedar a criterio del cirujano y de los padres (AU)

Introduction. Phimosis is perhaps one of the most frequent consultation on pediatric surgery clinics throught the world. The aim of this study is to compare the two procedures more frequently performed in our hospital: dorsal slit and circumcision. Patients y methods: Retrospective study of 1698 patients who were admitted for elective surgical treatment of phimosis between 2003 and2009. We analyzed age, surgical and anesthethic times, surgical technique and complications. We also did transversal descriptive study through telephonic survey on parents and patients older than 16 years old. Results: There was 76.6% of dorsal slit (n=1300) and 23.4% (n=398) of circumcisions. Mean age was 7.15 years y mean time of follow up was 42.3 months. Surgical time was significantly higher in circumcision(p<0.0001). There were 3% (n= 51) of reoperations, no differences between groups. We didn’t find differences in postoperative stenosis, but bleeding was more frequent in circumcision group (1.7%;p=0.03). There were no differences on parental appreciation of postoperative pain, or functional and esthetic satisfaction between groups. Conclusions: We didn’t find differences on subjective satisfaction between groups. Even if there are differences n postoperative bleeding, global incidence is very low. In our experience both techniques are validand safe, so surgeon and parents must jointly make the decisión (AU)

Fimosis y circuncisión / Phimosis and circumcision

The term phimosis is used when the prepuce cannot be reytracted behind the glans. This condition is present in almost all newborns, fulfilling mostly a protective function. In childhood, a gradual separation occurs, which is completed in adolescence. Through this process, complications may happen such as urinary tract infections, balanitis, or paraphimosis. Circumcision has been considered the treatment of choice, although some factors must be weighed: degree of narrowing, complications, opinión and religious beliefs of the parents. In the past 15 years, publications have suggested topical steroids as an alternative treatment, with variable success. Treatment of phimosis will continue to be controversial.

El término fimosis se utiliza cuando el prepucio no puede ser retraído por detrás del glande. Esta condición está presente en casi todos los recién nacidos cumpliendo una función principalmente protectora. Durante la infancia se produce una separación gradual del prepucio, que se completa, en la mayoría de los casos, al llegar la adolescencia. Mientras ocurre el proceso de desprendimiento pueden presentarse complicaciones como; infección del tracto urinario, balanitis o parafimosis. La circuncisión ha sido tradicionalmente el tratamiento de elección, sin embargo, se debe tener en cuenta diversos factores antes de tomar una decisión quirúrgica. Debe ser considerado: el grado de estrechez, las complicaciones, la opinión y las creencias religiosas de los padres. En los últimos 15 años se han publicado numerosos trabajos sobre el uso de esteroides tópicos como alternativa terapéutica, con resultados de éxito variable. El tratamiento de la fimosis seguirá siendo un tema controvertido.