ABSTRACT
Griscelli syndrome (GS) is a rare autosomal recessive disease with characteristic pigment distribution, and there are currently 3 types according to the underlying genetic defect and clinical features. We present the case of a girl born from consanguineous parents who presented with predominant neurologic symptoms, silvery hair and granulomatous skin lesions. Cerebral magnetic resonance revealed diffuse white matter lesions, and central nervous system (CNS) lymphocytic infiltration was suspected. The patient underwent haematopoietic stem cell transplantation with graft failure and autologous reconstitution. She developed elevated liver enzyme with a cholestatic pattern. Multiple liver biopsies revealed centrilobular cholestasis and unspecific portal inflammation that improved with immunomodulatory treatment. She was revealed to have an impaired cytotoxicity in NK cells and a decreased expression of RAB27A. However, no variants were found in the gene. All types of GS present with pigment dilution and irregular pigment clumps that can be seen through light microscopy in hair and skin biopsy. Dermic granulomas and immunodeficiency with infectious and HLH predisposition have been described in GS type 2 (GS2). Neurologic alterations might be seen in GS type 1 (GS1) and GS type 2 (GS2), due to different mechanisms. GS1 presents with neurologic impairment secondary to myosin Va role in neuronal development and synapsis. Meanwhile, GS2 can present with neurologic impairment secondary to SNC HLH. Clinical features and cytotoxicity might aid in differentiating GS1 and GS2, especially since treatment differs.
Subject(s)
Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/diagnosis , Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/therapy , Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic/diagnosis , Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic/therapy , Piebaldism/diagnosis , Piebaldism/therapy , Pigmentation Disorders/diagnosis , Pigmentation Disorders/therapy , Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases/diagnosis , Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases/therapy , Biomarkers , Biopsy , Disease Management , Disease Susceptibility/immunology , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/etiology , Humans , Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic/etiology , Mutation , Phenotype , Piebaldism/etiology , Pigmentation Disorders/etiology , Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases/etiology , PrognosisABSTRACT
Dentre os crocodilianos com ocorrência no Brasil, o Caiman crocodilus (Linnaeus, 1758) é a espécie de maior frequência, porém sua presença em estudos científicos restringe-se a levantamentos faunísticos, na maioria das vezes. O leucismo, também conhecido como albinismo parcial, é uma anomalia cromática ainda pouco conhecida. Indivíduos portadores dos genes que condicionam a doença apresentam ausência de pigmentação em uma parte ou em todo o corpo, porém os olhos não apresentam alteração. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar o primeiro registro de Caiman crocodilus com leucismo no mundo.(AU)
Among crocodilians in Brazil, Caiman crocodilus (Linnaeus, 1758) is the most frequent species, but its presence in scientific studies is mostly restricted to faunal surveys. Leukism, also known as partial albinism, is a still little known chromatic anomaly. Individuals with genes that condition the disease present no pigmentation in one part or in the whole body, but the eyes did not change. The objective of this work was to perform the first record of Caiman crocodilus with leucismo in the world.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Piebaldism/veterinary , Monophenol Monooxygenase , Alligators and Crocodiles , Animals, WildABSTRACT
Dentre os crocodilianos com ocorrência no Brasil, o Caiman crocodilus (Linnaeus, 1758) é a espécie de maior frequência, porém sua presença em estudos científicos restringe-se a levantamentos faunísticos, na maioria das vezes. O leucismo, também conhecido como albinismo parcial, é uma anomalia cromática ainda pouco conhecida. Indivíduos portadores dos genes que condicionam a doença apresentam ausência de pigmentação em uma parte ou em todo o corpo, porém os olhos não apresentam alteração. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar o primeiro registro de Caiman crocodilus com leucismo no mundo.(AU)
Among crocodilians in Brazil, Caiman crocodilus (Linnaeus, 1758) is the most frequent species, but its presence in scientific studies is mostly restricted to faunal surveys. Leukism, also known as partial albinism, is a still little known chromatic anomaly. Individuals with genes that condition the disease present no pigmentation in one part or in the whole body, but the eyes did not change. The objective of this work was to perform the first record of Caiman crocodilus with leucismo in the world.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Piebaldism/veterinary , Monophenol Monooxygenase , Alligators and Crocodiles , Animals, WildABSTRACT
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Silvery hair syndrome is a rare, autosomal-recessive entity characterized by silvery gray hair, eyebrows, and eyelashes and may be associated or not with immunologic or neurologic alterations. Two main types have been recognized: Chediak-Higashi syndrome and Griscelli syndrome. Hair shaft examination under light microscopy has been a useful tool to differentiate Chediak-Higashi syndrome from Griscelli syndrome, although distribution of melanin varies according to hair color related to ethnicity. The objective was to compare the pattern of melanin in the skin and with the pattern of melanin distribution in the hair shaft. METHODS: Sixteen patients with silvery hair syndrome were selected (Chediak-Higashi syndrome 5, Griscelli syndrome 11). The distribution of melanin granules in skin and hair shafts was compared and correlated with clinical diagnoses. RESULTS: Chediak-Higashi syndrome was characterized by small granules of melanin uniformly distributed throughout the thickness of the epidermis. Griscelli syndrome was characterized by an irregular pigment distribution in the epidermal basal layer with large and dense granules alternating with areas lacking melanin pigment. In two cases, study of the hair was not conclusive, but the skin showed the characteristic pattern of Griscelli syndrome. CONCLUSION: Skin biopsy is a useful tool in differentiating Chediak-Higashi syndrome from Griscelli syndrome and as a complementary study in cases in which hair shaft pigment distribution does not support the diagnosis, especially in patients with fair hair. The distribution of melanin granules in the skin correlates with that observed in the hair shaft, allowing Chediak-Higashi syndrome to be differentiated from Griscelli syndrome, at any age.
Subject(s)
Chediak-Higashi Syndrome/diagnosis , Hair/pathology , Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/diagnosis , Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/diagnosis , Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic/diagnosis , Piebaldism/diagnosis , Pigmentation Disorders/diagnosis , Adolescent , Biopsy , Chediak-Higashi Syndrome/pathology , Child , Child, Preschool , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/pathology , Humans , Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/pathology , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic/pathology , Male , Piebaldism/pathology , Pigmentation Disorders/pathology , Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases , Retrospective Studies , Skin/pathologyABSTRACT
El síndrome de griscelli es una rara entidad, se engloba dentro de los síndromes de pelos plateados y se caracteriza por albinismo parcial. Fue descrito en 1978 en dos pacientes por Griscelli et al. Desde entonces se han descrito más de 40 casos en la literatura. Es una enfermedad de carácter autosómico recesivo. Se clasifica en tres diferentes tipos. Su tratamiento y pronóstico dependerá de cada uno de ellos. Caso clínico: Se trata de paciente de 1 año de edad que ingresa al Hospital Mario Catarino Rivas con historia de presentar convulsiones y somnolencia, con cuadro respiratorio sobreagreado. Antecedente hospitalario por neumonía grave, y color de pelo plateado desde su nacimiento. Discusión: los casos de síndrome de griscelli en Honduras son sumamente raros, dicho paciente ingresa a esta institución por manifestaciones neurológicas secundarias a su enfermedad, al ver su fenotipo, se investigó por dicho síndrome...(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Infant , Piebaldism , Cryopyrin-Associated Periodic Syndromes/diagnosis , Chromosome AberrationsSubject(s)
Animals , Snakes , Skin Pigmentation/genetics , Pigmentation Disorders/veterinary , PiebaldismABSTRACT
El piebaldismo es una enfermedad congénita rara de curso estático, con prevalencia de 1/100.000; se caracteriza por despigmentación en parches de la piel y presencia de un mechón blanco frontal. Por lo demás los pacientes son sanos. Se hereda con un patrón autosómico dominante. Es causado por mutaciones en el gen c-kit, un protoncogén que participa en la migración, proliferación, diferenciación y supervivencia de los melanoblastos. Por otro lado, el síndrome de Moebius es una parálisis congénita del VII par craneal, que puede estar asociada a compromiso de otros pares craneales, o incluso de otros sistemas. En Estados Unidos se ha calculado su frecuencia en 0,002 % - 0,0002 % del total de nacimientos. Presentamos el caso de una recién nacida con piebaldismo y síndrome de Moebius asociado a exposición prenatal a misoprostol. Se hace una búsqueda bibliográfica sobre las anomalías de la paciente y la asociación entre la exposición prenatal a misoprostol y anomalías congénitas. El piebaldismo es un trastorno raro de etiología genética. El síndrome de Moebius, en cambio, es de causa heterogénea y no bien definida, y se ha asociado a exposición prenatal a misoprostol. La paciente reportada presenta simultáneamente ambas entidades, una netamente genética y la otra posiblemente teratogénica.
Piebaldism is a rare congenital disease with prevalence of 1/100.000, characterized by patchy depigmentation of the skin and the presence of a white forelock. Its course is static and otherwise patients are healthy. It is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern and is caused by mutations in the gene c-kit, a proto-oncogene involved in the migration, proliferation, differentiation and survival of melanoblasts. On the other hand, Moebius syndrome is a congenital palsy of the VII cranial nerve, which may be associated with involvement of other cranial nerves, or even of other systems. In the United States its frequency has been calculated from 0.002% to 0.0002% of total births. We report the case of a newborn girl with piebaldism and Moebius syndrome associated with prenatal exposure to misoprostol. A search was made about these anomalies and the association between prenatal exposure to misoprostol and congenital anomalies. Piebaldism is a rare genetic disorder. On the other hand, the cause of Moebius syndrome is heterogeneous and not well defined, and it has been associated with prenatal exposure to misoprostol. Our patient had simultaneously two diseases: one purely genetic and the other potentially teratogenic.
O piebaldismo é uma doença congênita esquisita de curso estático, com prevalência de 1/100.000; caracteriza- se por despigmentação em parches da pele e presença de uma mecha branca frontal. Pelo demais os pacientes são sãos. Herda-se com um padrão autossômico dominante. É causado por mutações no gene c-kit, um proto-oncogene que participa na migração, proliferação, diferenciação e sobrevivência dos melanoblastos. Por outro lado, a síndrome de Moebius é uma paralisia congênita do VII par craniano, que pode estar associada a compromisso de outros pares cranianos, ou inclusive de outros sistemas. Nos Estados Unidos se calculou sua frequência em 0,002 % - 0,0002 % do total de nascimentos. Apresentamos o caso de uma recém-nascida com piebaldismo e síndrome de Moebius associado a exposição pré-natal a misoprostol. Faz-se uma busca bibliográfica sobre as anomalias da paciente e a associação entre a exposição pré-natal a misoprostol e anomalias congênitas. O piebaldismo é um transtorno raro de etiologia genética. A síndrome de Moebius, em mudança, é de causa heterogênea e não bem definida, e se associou a exposição pré-natal a misoprostol. A paciente reportada apresenta simultaneamente ambas entidades, uma netamente genética e a outra possivelmente teratogênica.
Subject(s)
Female , Pregnancy , Congenital Abnormalities , Piebaldism , Mobius Syndrome , MisoprostolABSTRACT
Pigmentary disorders such as albinism and leucism are rare in bats. These phenomena are caused by genetic mutations resulting in complete absence of pigmentation in eyes, skin and fur (albinism) or partial or total deficiency of pigment in all the body or parts (leucism). While monitoring a maternal colony of Tadarida brasiliensis located in Rosario, central Argentina, one albino specimen and other 12 with different kinds of leucism were recorded. The albino T. brasiliensis represents the first record for Argentina and South America. Shapes and location of these pigmentary disorders were described in leucitic individuals and compared with previous records from other authors. Here we report a new type of leucism not described until now. These records constitute the first description for South America of many individuals with different leucitic patterns in the same colony. Possible ecological implications for these atypical patterns are discussed. Keywords: Bats; fur patterns; pigmentary disorders; Brazilian free-tailed bat.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Albinism , Chiroptera , Skin Pigmentation/genetics , Ecology , Mutation/genetics , Piebaldism , Albinism, OcularABSTRACT
Pigmentary disorders such as albinism and leucism are rare in bats. These phenomena are caused by genetic mutations resulting in complete absence of pigmentation in eyes, skin and fur (albinism) or partial or total deficiency of pigment in all the body or parts (leucism). While monitoring a maternal colony of Tadarida brasiliensis located in Rosario, central Argentina, one albino specimen and other 12 with different kinds of leucism were recorded. The albino T. brasiliensis represents the first record for Argentina and South America. Shapes and location of these pigmentary disorders were described in leucitic individuals and compared with previous records from other authors. Here we report a new type of leucism not described until now. These records constitute the first description for South America of many individuals with different leucitic patterns in the same colony. Possible ecological implications for these atypical patterns are discussed. Keywords: Bats; fur patterns; pigmentary disorders; Brazilian free-tailed bat.
Subject(s)
Animals , Albinism , Skin Pigmentation/genetics , Chiroptera , Albinism, Ocular , Ecology , Mutation/genetics , PiebaldismABSTRACT
El piebaldismo es una enfermedad congénita, autosómica dominante que afecta el cabello y la piel, y se manifiesta por un mechón de pelo hipocrómico (poliosis), generalmente localizado en zona frontal; además, en la piel hay zonas de despigmentación e hipomelanosis. La causa es la ausencia de melanocitos en las áreas afectadas por mutación en el protooncogén KIT (receptor tirosinasa kinasa) con tirosinasa mutada en los melanoblastos. Se reporta el caso de una niña de 4 meses de edad, con un mechón hipocrómico frontal y grandes manchas acrómicas en la cara, el tronco y las extremidades, en una distribución casi simétrica, presentes desde el nacimiento, y muy características de esta enfermedad. El diagnóstico diferencial se realizó con síndrome Waardenburg, albinismo oculocutáneo con afección ocular y el síndrome Griscelli-Prunieras, que es un albinismo que se acompaña de inmunodeficiencia(AU)
Piebaldism is a congenital dominant autosomal disease affecting the hair and the skin. It appears as a hypochromic hair highlight (poliosis) generally located in the front in addition to depigmented skin areas and hypomelanosis. The cause is lack of melanocytes in the affected areas due to protoncogen KIT (kinase tyrosinase receptor) mutation, being tyrosinase mutated in melanoblasts. This is the case of a 4 months-old girl who presented a frontal hypochromic highlight and large inborn achromic spots in her face, her thorax and extremities, which are almost symmetrically distributed and very characteristic in this disease. The differential diagnosis was made by using Waardenburg syndrome, oculocutaneous albinism with ocular effect and Griscelli-Prunieras syndrome that is an immunodeficiency-accompanied albinism(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Infant , Piebaldism/diagnosis , Piebaldism/physiopathologyABSTRACT
El piebaldismo es una enfermedad congénita, autosómica dominante que afecta el cabello y la piel, y se manifiesta por un mechón de pelo hipocrómico (poliosis), generalmente localizado en zona frontal; además, en la piel hay zonas de despigmentación e hipomelanosis. La causa es la ausencia de melanocitos en las áreas afectadas por mutación en el protooncogén KIT (receptor tirosinasa kinasa) con tirosinasa mutada en los melanoblastos. Se reporta el caso de una niña de 4 meses de edad, con un mechón hipocrómico frontal y grandes manchas acrómicas en la cara, el tronco y las extremidades, en una distribución casi simétrica, presentes desde el nacimiento, y muy características de esta enfermedad. El diagnóstico diferencial se realizó con síndrome Waardenburg, albinismo oculocutáneo con afección ocular y el síndrome Griscelli-Prunieras, que es un albinismo que se acompaña de inmunodeficiencia
Piebaldism is a congenital dominant autosomal disease affecting the hair and the skin. It appears as a hypochromic hair highlight (poliosis) generally located in the front in addition to depigmented skin areas and hypomelanosis. The cause is lack of melanocytes in the affected areas due to protoncogen KIT (kinase tyrosinase receptor) mutation, being tyrosinase mutated in melanoblasts. This is the case of a 4 months-old girl who presented a frontal hypochromic highlight and large inborn achromic spots in her face, her thorax and extremities, which are almost symmetrically distributed and very characteristic in this disease. The differential diagnosis was made by using Waardenburg syndrome, oculocutaneous albinism with ocular effect and Griscelli-Prunieras syndrome that is an immunodeficiency-accompanied albinism
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Infant , Piebaldism/diagnosis , Piebaldism/physiopathologyABSTRACT
Albinism is a phenomenon present in many vertebrate species, and can be defined as the absence of normal pigmentation of an organism. In bats, complete albinism is considered a rare phenomenon, and its occurrence was recorded for less than 4% of all existing bat species. On 6 September 2012, an individual of Carollia perspicillata (Linnaeus, 1758) was captured in Igaporã, Bahia, and it had all characteristics of complete albinism, lacking normal pigmentation over the entire body surface, including the iris. The purpose of this paper is to report the first record of complete albinism in Carollia perspicillata and thereby increase the number of species recorded with such anomalies; in addition to contributing to the understanding of this pigmentation disorder.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Albinism/genetics , Chiroptera , Skin Pigmentation , PiebaldismABSTRACT
Albinism is a phenomenon present in many vertebrate species, and can be defined as the absence of normal pigmentation of an organism. In bats, complete albinism is considered a rare phenomenon, and its occurrence was recorded for less than 4% of all existing bat species. On 6 September 2012, an individual of Carollia perspicillata (Linnaeus, 1758) was captured in Igaporã, Bahia, and it had all characteristics of complete albinism, lacking normal pigmentation over the entire body surface, including the iris. The purpose of this paper is to report the first record of complete albinism in Carollia perspicillata and thereby increase the number of species recorded with such anomalies; in addition to contributing to the understanding of this pigmentation disorder.
Subject(s)
Animals , Albinism/genetics , Piebaldism , Skin Pigmentation , ChiropteraABSTRACT
Anomalous colourations occur in many tropical vertebrates. However, they are considered rare in wild populations, with very few records for the majority of animal taxa. We report two new cases of anomalous colouration in mammals. Additionally, we compiled all published cases about anomalous pigmentation registered in Neotropical mammals, throughout a comprehensive review of peer reviewed articles between 1950 and 2010. Every record was classified as albinism, leucism, piebaldism or eventually as undetermined pigmentation. As results, we report the new record of a leucistic specimen of opossum (Didelphis sp.) in southern Brazil, as well as a specimen of South American fur seal (Arctocephalus australis) with piebaldism in Uruguay. We also found 31 scientific articles resulting in 23 records of albinism, 12 of leucism, 71 of piebaldism and 92 records classified as undetermined pigmentation. Anomalous colouration is apparently rare in small terrestrial mammals, but it is much more common in cetaceans and michrochiropterans. Out of these 198 records, 149 occurred in cetaceans and 30 in bats. The results related to cetaceans suggest that males and females with anomolous pigmentation are reproductively successful and as a consequence their frequencies are becoming higher in natural populations. In bats, this result can be related to the fact these animals orient themselves primarily through echolocation, and their refuges provide protection against light and predation. It is possible that anomalous colouration occurs more frequently in other Neotropical mammal orders, which were not formally reported. Therefore, we encourage researchers to publish these events in order to better understand this phenomenon that has a significant influence on animal survival.
Subject(s)
Didelphis , Fur Seals , Pigmentation Disorders/epidemiology , Albinism/epidemiology , Animals , Female , Humans , Male , Piebaldism/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Anomalous colourations occur in many tropical vertebrates. However, they are considered rare in wild populations, with very few records for the majority of animal taxa. We report two new cases of anomalous colouration in mammals. Additionally, we compiled all published cases about anomalous pigmentation registered in Neotropical mammals, throughout a comprehensive review of peer reviewed articles between 1950 and 2010. Every record was classified as albinism, leucism, piebaldism or eventually as undetermined pigmentation. As results, we report the new record of a leucistic specimen of opossum (Didelphis sp.) in southern Brazil, as well as a specimen of South American fur seal (Arctocephalus australis) with piebaldism in Uruguay. We also found 31 scientific articles resulting in 23 records of albinism, 12 of leucism, 71 of piebaldism and 92 records classified as undetermined pigmentation. Anomalous colouration is apparently rare in small terrestrial mammals, but it is much more common in cetaceans and michrochiropterans. Out of these 198 records, 149 occurred in cetaceans and 30 in bats. The results related to cetaceans suggest that males and females with anomolous pigmentation are reproductively successful and as a consequence their frequencies are becoming higher in natural populations. In bats, this result can be related to the fact these animals orient themselves primarily through echolocation, and their refuges provide protection against light and predation. It is possible that anomalous colouration occurs more frequently in other Neotropical mammal orders, which were not formally reported. Therefore, we encourage researchers to publish these events in order to better understand this phenomenon that has a significant influence on animal survival.(AU)
Colorações anômalas ocorrem em muitos vertebrados tropicais. Entretanto, estas são consideradas raras em populações selvagens, havendo poucos registros para a maioria dos táxons. Reportam-se, neste estudo, dois novos casos de coloração anômala em mamíferos. Além disso, por meio de uma extensa revisão bibliográfica, foram compilados os casos publicados sobre coloração anômala em mamíferos neotropicais entre 1950 e 2010. Cada registro foi classificado como albinismo, leucismo, piebaldismo ou, eventualmente, como coloração indeterminada. Como resultados, reportou-se o registro de um espécime leucístico de gambá (Didelphis sp.) no sul do Brasil e de um espécime de lobo-marinho sul-americano (Arctocephalus australis) com piebaldismo no norte do Uruguai. Também foram analisados 31 artigos científicos, resultando em 23 registros de albinismo, 12 de leucismo, 71 de piebaldismo e 92 registros classificados como de pigmentação indeterminada. A coloração anômala aparentemente é rara em pequenos mamíferos terrestres, mas é muito mais comum em cetáceos e microquirópteros. Dos 198 registros encontrados, 149 ocorreram em cetáceos e 30 em morcegos. No caso dos cetáceos, este resultado sugere que machos e fêmeas com este padrão anômalo de pigmentação são reprodutivamente exitosos e, consequentemente, sua frequência está aumentando nas populações naturais. Com relação aos morcegos, este fenômeno pode estar relacionado ao fato de estes animais orientarem-se primariamente por meio de ecolocalização e seus refúgios oferecerem proteção contra luz e predação. É possível que a coloração anômala ocorra mais frequentemente em outras ordens de mamíferos neotropicais, as quais não foram formalmente reportadas. Desta forma, mostra-se importante encorajar os pesquisadores a publicar estes eventos em vida selvagem para um melhor entendimento deste fenômeno, que tem influência significativa na sobrevivência destes organismos.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Pigmentation Disorders , Mammals/abnormalities , Didelphis , Fur Seals , Piebaldism , Albinism , Hypopigmentation , Didelphis/abnormalities , Fur Seals/abnormalitiesABSTRACT
Anomalous colourations occur in many tropical vertebrates. However, they are considered rare in wild populations, with very few records for the majority of animal taxa. We report two new cases of anomalous colouration in mammals. Additionally, we compiled all published cases about anomalous pigmentation registered in Neotropical mammals, throughout a comprehensive review of peer reviewed articles between 1950 and 2010. Every record was classified as albinism, leucism, piebaldism or eventually as undetermined pigmentation. As results, we report the new record of a leucistic specimen of opossum (Didelphis sp.) in southern Brazil, as well as a specimen of South American fur seal (Arctocephalus australis) with piebaldism in Uruguay. We also found 31 scientific articles resulting in 23 records of albinism, 12 of leucism, 71 of piebaldism and 92 records classified as undetermined pigmentation. Anomalous colouration is apparently rare in small terrestrial mammals, but it is much more common in cetaceans and michrochiropterans. Out of these 198 records, 149 occurred in cetaceans and 30 in bats. The results related to cetaceans suggest that males and females with anomolous pigmentation are reproductively successful and as a consequence their frequencies are becoming higher in natural populations. In bats, this result can be related to the fact these animals orient themselves primarily through echolocation, and their refuges provide protection against light and predation. It is possible that anomalous colouration occurs more frequently in other Neotropical mammal orders, which were not formally reported. Therefore, we encourage researchers to publish these events in order to better understand this phenomenon that has a significant influence on animal survival.
Colorações anômalas ocorrem em muitos vertebrados tropicais. Entretanto, estas são consideradas raras em populações selvagens, havendo poucos registros para a maioria dos táxons. Reportam-se, neste estudo, dois novos casos de coloração anômala em mamíferos. Além disso, por meio de uma extensa revisão bibliográfica, foram compilados os casos publicados sobre coloração anômala em mamíferos neotropicais entre 1950 e 2010. Cada registro foi classificado como albinismo, leucismo, piebaldismo ou, eventualmente, como coloração indeterminada. Como resultados, reportou-se o registro de um espécime leucístico de gambá (Didelphis sp.) no sul do Brasil e de um espécime de lobo-marinho sul-americano (Arctocephalus australis) com piebaldismo no norte do Uruguai. Também foram analisados 31 artigos científicos, resultando em 23 registros de albinismo, 12 de leucismo, 71 de piebaldismo e 92 registros classificados como de pigmentação indeterminada. A coloração anômala aparentemente é rara em pequenos mamíferos terrestres, mas é muito mais comum em cetáceos e microquirópteros. Dos 198 registros encontrados, 149 ocorreram em cetáceos e 30 em morcegos. No caso dos cetáceos, este resultado sugere que machos e fêmeas com este padrão anômalo de pigmentação são reprodutivamente exitosos e, consequentemente, sua frequência está aumentando nas populações naturais. Com relação aos morcegos, este fenômeno pode estar relacionado ao fato de estes animais orientarem-se primariamente por meio de ecolocalização e seus refúgios oferecerem proteção contra luz e predação. É possível que a coloração anômala ocorra mais frequentemente em outras ordens de mamíferos neotropicais, as quais não foram formalmente reportadas. Desta forma, mostra-se importante encorajar os pesquisadores a publicar estes eventos em vida selvagem para um melhor entendimento deste fenômeno, que tem influência significativa na sobrevivência destes organismos.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Humans , Male , Didelphis , Fur Seals , Pigmentation Disorders/epidemiology , Albinism/epidemiology , Piebaldism/epidemiologyABSTRACT
A female specimen was captured in a rock shelter located within a anthropogenic fragment of Atlantic Forest in the northeastern Brazilian state of Sergipe. This specimen revealed leucism restricted to the pelage of the body, which was completely white, whereas the eyes, wings, legs, ears, snout, and nasal leaf were all coloured normally. The female was apparently well integrated into the group, ostensibly healthy, of normal size and carrying a late-term fetus.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Piebaldism/veterinary , Pigmentation Disorders/veterinary , Pigmentation , Chiroptera , Genetic Phenomena , Eye ColorABSTRACT
We report the capture of one bat of the species Artibeus lituratus, with a leucistic coloration pattern. The specimen was captured on March 20th, 2012, at 22:30 h, in the proximities of Zoquitipan, municipality of Yahualica, in the Huasteca region of the state of Hidalgo, Mexico, while conducting bat samplings in the area. The vegetation is tropical secondary forest, with areas used for extensive cattle ranching. The specimen is the second of the species caught with this color variation in the same region of Hidalgo, where other individuals of Artibeus jamaicensis and Sturnira ludovici had also been captured with this coloration anomaly.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Chiroptera , Piebaldism/genetics , Piebaldism/veterinary , Genetic Phenomena , Rainforest , Pigmentation Disorders/veterinary , Skin PigmentationABSTRACT
Aberrant colorations resulting from colour pigment deficiencies are commonly described in the bat literature. In this study we report the first leucistic piebald of Phyllostomus discolor (Wagner, 1843) by describing an individual captured in Central Amazonia, Brazil, that presented a distinct white patch on its body but normally pigmented eyes. This is the first report of hypo-pigmentism in the species, but also in the genus.(AU)