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1.
Rev. cuba. med ; 62(4)dic. 2023.
Article in Spanish | CUMED, LILACS | ID: biblio-1550894

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El neumoencéfalo (sinonimia: aerocele o neumatocele intracerebral), se define como la presencia de gas dentro de cualquiera de los compartimentos intracraneales (intraventricular, intraparenquimatosa, subaracnoidea, subdural y epidural). Objetivo: Describir los hallazgos clínicos, estudios complementarios, conducta terapéutica y evolución de un caso con neumoencéfalo como complicación de bloqueo regional epidural por radiculopatía lumbosacra. Presentación de caso: Se presentó un paciente masculino de 57 años de edad que comenzó con un cuadro súbito de desorientación, excitabilidad psicomotriz y convulsiones tónico-clónicas, a partir de una inyección epidural de metilprednisolona como método analgésico. Conclusiones: El caso presentado exhibió manifestaciones neurológicas inespecíficas, la aparición súbita posterior al proceder invasivo hizo sospechar en un evento neurológico agudo o fenómeno tromboembólico. Los estudios complementarios como la tomografía axial computarizada craneal simple, permitió su diagnóstico para tener una conducta consecuente. El manejo conservador del neumoencéfalo como complicación del uso de anestesia epidural, constituyó una conducta terapéutica eficaz y repercutió en la satisfactoria evolución del paciente(AU)


Introduction: Pneumocephalus (synonym: aerocele or intracerebral pneumatocele), is defined as the presence of gas within any of the intracranial compartments (intraventricular, intraparenchymal, subarachnoid, subdural and epidural). Objective: To describe the clinical findings, complementary studies, therapeutic conduct and evolution of a case with pneumocephalus as a complication of regional epidural block due to lumbosacral radiculopathy Case presentation: A 57-year-old male patient was presented who began with a sudden episode of disorientation, psychomotor excitability and tonic-clonic seizures, following an epidural injection of methylprednisolone as an analgesic method. Conclusions: The case presented exhibited non-specific neurological manifestations, the sudden appearance after the invasive procedure raised suspicion of an acute neurological event or thromboembolic phenomenon. Complementary studies such as simple cranial computed axial tomography, allowed its diagnosis to have a consistent conduct. The conservative management of pneumocephalus as a complication of the use of epidural anesthesia constituted an effective therapeutic approach and had an impact on the patient's satisfactory evolution(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Radiculopathy/complications , Methylprednisolone/therapeutic use , Pneumoencephalography/methods , Tomography, Spiral Computed/methods , Anesthesia, Epidural/methods
2.
Rev. esp. anestesiol. reanim ; 70(3): 160-164, Mar. 2023. mapas
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-216717

ABSTRACT

Describimos un caso de neumoencéfalo en una paciente con estenosis de canal medular por espondilolistesis degenerativa tras cirugía de descompresión lumbar. El caso comienza en el momento del despertar de la anestesia, en el que la paciente presenta bajo nivel de consciencia, sin respuesta de apertura ocular, ninguna respuesta verbal y la respuesta motora sOlo retira en respuesta al dolor (Glasgow 7), que precisa ingreso en la unidad de cuidados intensivos para ventilación mecánica. Posteriormente la paciente experimentó una crisis convulsiva tónico-clónica generalizada, por lo que se realizó una tomografía computarizada (TC) donde se observa un neumoencéfalo voluminoso con un efecto ocupante de espacio en los lóbulos frontal y parietal, los ventrículos laterales y la cisterna.Se inició terapia antiepiléptica (diazepam y levetiracetam) y vigilancia neurológica. A las 12h postoperatorias, la TC repetida demostró que el neumoencéfalo había mejorado persistiendo una cantidad mínima que Solo se limitaba al lóbulo frontal. La consciencia persistía severamente disminuida. El electroencefalograma mostró actividad epileptiforme continua y la adicción de fenitoína continua intravenosa al tratamiento antiepiléptico previo consigue mejorar gradualmente el nivel de consciencia y las respuestas motoras y verbales. A las pocas horas, la paciente fue extubada y no presentó déficits neurológicos posteriores. El neumoencéfalo debe considerarse en el diagnóstico diferencial cuando se evalúa a un paciente con un estado mental alterado después de una cirugía lumbar.(AU)


We describe a patient with pneumocephalus following lumbar decompression surgery who presented altered mental status at time to awake of anesthesia and the patient was admitted in intesive care unit in mechanical ventilation. The patient has not eye-opening response, no verbal response and motor response only withdraw in response to pain (7 points on Glasgow coma scale). Then, the patient experienced a generalized tonic-clonic seizure. Immediate cranial computed tomography (CT) images were performed. Cerebral pneumocephalus was present in CT, imaging revealed a voluminous pneumocephalus responsible for a significantspace-occupying effect on the frontal and parietal lobes, lateral ventricles and quadrigeminal plate cistern.Anti-epileptic therapy (diazepam and levetiracetam) and neurological monitoring were initiated. At 12 postoperative hours repeat CT scanning showed pneumocephalus were completely improved to minimal quantity and only limited to frontal lobe. The consciousness is impaired, and a generalized tonic-clonic seizure was present. Electroencephalogram showed continuous epileptiform activity and phenytoin IV was administered in continuous infusión. Four hours later the level of consciousness gradually improved, and the patient was right in eye opening, verbal and motor responses. A few hours later the patient was extubated, and no neurological deficits were present. Pneumocephalus should be considered in the differential diagnosis when evaluating a patient with altered mental status following lumbar surgery.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Coma , Pneumoencephalography , Seizures , Decompression , Anesthesiology , Spine/surgery
5.
Neurocirugía (Soc. Luso-Esp. Neurocir.) ; 29(3): 157-160, mayo-jun. 2018. ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-180306

ABSTRACT

La presencia de aire dentro de la cavidad intracraneal es una entidad rara que se conoce con el nombre de neumoencéfalo y en la mayoría de los casos no presenta repercusión clínica salvo cuando ocasiona un aumento de la presión intracraneal que puede llegar a producir un deterioro del nivel de conciencia, coma e incluso la muerte. Presentamos un caso, poco frecuente, de un varón joven sin antecedentes personales de interés que ingresa en una unidad de cuidados intensivos para vigilancia tras un accidente de tráfico con traumatismo craneoencefálico asintomático y con tomografía computarizada craneal de ingreso «sin hallazgos significativos». Durante su estancia en la unidad de cuidados intensivos se aplica presión positiva en la vía aérea con ventilación mecánica no invasiva que genera entrada de aire en la cavidad intracraneal (neumoencéfalo) que condiciona deterioro neurológico importante con necesidad de cirugía urgente


The presence of air inside intracranial cavity is a rare entity known as pneumocephalus and in most cases doesn??t present any clinical repercussion except in case of elevated intracranial pressure that can lead to a decreasing level of consciousness, coma and even death. We present a rare case of a young male, without medical precedents of interest, hospitalized in an intensive care unit for vigilance after a traffic accident with asymptomatic crane encephalic trauma and cranial computerized tomography without meaningful findings. During the intensive care unit stay positive pressure is applied in airway with non-invasive mechanical ventilation that produces air entrance in cranial cavity (pneumocephalus) causing neurological deterioration and necessity of urgent surgery


Subject(s)
Humans , Middle Aged , Pneumocephalus/complications , Pneumocephalus/diagnostic imaging , Respiration, Artificial , Head Injuries, Penetrating/diagnostic imaging , Head Injuries, Penetrating/surgery , Pneumoencephalography , Neurosurgery/methods , Skull/diagnostic imaging , Skull/surgery
6.
Neurol India ; 66(2): 304-307, 2018.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29547143

ABSTRACT

Walter Edward Dandy did pioneering work in Neurosurgery in the early part of the 19th century. He worked all his life at the Johns Hopkins Hospital in USA and contributed extensively to research in hydrocephalus, the physiology of the cerebrospinal fluid and devised the technique of pneumoencephalography, apart from performing the first clipping operation in cerebral aneurysm and the division of the trigeminal nerve in neuralgic pain. This article summarizes his immense contributions in the field of Neurosurgery.


Subject(s)
Hydrocephalus/history , Hydrocephalus/surgery , Neurosurgery/history , Neurosurgery/methods , Pneumoencephalography/history , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , United States
7.
Neurocrit Care ; 28(3): 273-275, 2018 06.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29274050

ABSTRACT

Computed tomography (CT) scan of the brain transitioned clinical neurology from the educated-guess world to the real computer-age world. One of the first CT scans-published by the British neuroradiologist James Ambrose-showed an intracranial hemorrhage and also suggested the use of iodine to demonstrate abnormal blood-brain barrier. In the USA, CT scans were rapidly commercialized and first placed at Mayo Clinic and Massachusetts General Hospital in the summer of 1973. CT scanning of the brain has revolutionized diagnostic acute neurology and neurosurgery and was the overture to an even larger revolution-magnetic resonance imaging. This historical vignette discusses the development of CT scanning of the brain and its connection with neurocritical care.


Subject(s)
Blood-Brain Barrier/diagnostic imaging , Cerebral Angiography/history , Intracranial Hemorrhages/diagnostic imaging , Pneumoencephalography/history , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/history , History, 20th Century , Humans
8.
Neurosurg Focus ; 43(3): E10, 2017 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28859557

ABSTRACT

Throughout history, neurosurgical procedures have been fundamental in advancing neuroscience; however, this has not always been without deleterious side effects or harmful consequences. While critical to the progression of clinical neuroscience during the early 20th century, yet, at the same time, poorly tolerated by patients, pneumoencephalography is one such procedure that exemplifies this juxtaposition. Presented herein are historical perspectives and reflections on the role of the pneumoencephalography in the diagnosis and treatment of neuropsychiatric illnesses.


Subject(s)
Mental Disorders/history , Neurosurgical Procedures/history , Pneumoencephalography/history , Cerebral Ventricles/diagnostic imaging , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Humans , Mental Disorders/diagnostic imaging , Mental Disorders/surgery , Neurosurgical Procedures/methods , Pneumoencephalography/methods
10.
Prog. obstet. ginecol. (Ed. impr.) ; 59(4): 231-234, jul.-ago. 2016. ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-163907

ABSTRACT

El objetivo de nuestro estudio fue exponer una de las complicaciones infrecuentes de la punción dural obstétrica en mujer en trabajo de parto. Nuestro paciente fue una mujer de 34 años de edad, que se sometió a analgesia epidural durante el proceso del parto. Se observó la complicación y su pronta resolución mediante un tratamiento conservador (AU)


The aim of this study was to present a rare complications of epidural analgesia in women during labor. Our patient was a 34-year-old woman, who underwent epidural analgesia during childbirth. The patient developed pneumoencephalus, which was promptly resolved by conservative treatment (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adult , Pneumoencephalography , Post-Dural Puncture Headache/complications , Post-Dural Puncture Headache , Anesthesia, Epidural/adverse effects , Analgesia, Epidural/adverse effects , Brain Diseases/chemically induced , Brain Diseases/complications , Labor, Obstetric , Skull , Skull , Catheters/adverse effects , Brain , Bupivacaine/therapeutic use , Fentanyl/therapeutic use , Ketoprofen/therapeutic use , Enoxaparin/therapeutic use , Brain Diseases
11.
Rev. cuba. med ; 55(2)abr.-jun. 2016. ilus
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-64912

ABSTRACT

Se presenta el caso clínico de una paciente que ingresó en el Hospital Clinicoquirúrgico Hermanos Ameijeiras con antecedentes de etilismo crónico y cuadro clínico progresivo de deterioro cognitivo-conductual, trastornos de la marcha y esfinterianos, a quien se le realizó una cisternografía radioisotópica con el objetivo de comprobar su eficacia en el estudio de la dinámica del líquido cefalorraquídeo para diagnosticar la hidrocefalia oculta normotensa. La resonancia magnética de cráneo evolutiva evidenció hidrocefalia y la cisternografía radioisotópica confirmó el diagnóstico de hidrocefalia oculta normotensa. A la paciente se le realizó una derivación ventrículo peritoneal con la que se obtuvo una respuesta clínica evolutiva favorable. Se concluye que la cisternografía radioisotópica continúa siendo una herramienta útil para confirmar este diagnóstico y predecir la respuesta al tratamiento derivativo(AU)


A female patient who was admitted to Hermanos Ameijeiras Clinical and Surgical Hospital is presented here. She had a history of chronic alcohol abuse and progressive clinical deterioration of cognitive behavioral, abnormal gait and sphincter disorders. This patient had a radioisotope cisternography in order to test its effectiveness in the study of the dynamics of cerebrospinal fluid, and to diagnose normotensive hidden hydrocephalus. This MRI revealed hydrocephalus and skull evolutionary radioisotope cisternography confirmed the diagnosis of normal pressure hidden hydrocephalus. This patient received a shunt with a favorable evolutionary clinical response. It is concluded that cisternography radioisotope remains a useful tool to confirm this diagnosis and predict response to derivative treatment(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Hydrocephalus, Normal Pressure/diagnosis , Pneumoencephalography/methods , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/methods , Case Reports
12.
Rev. cuba. med ; 55(2): 167-174, abr.-jun. 2016. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-795965

ABSTRACT

Se presenta el caso clínico de una paciente que ingresó en el Hospital Clinicoquirúrgico Hermanos Ameijeiras con antecedentes de etilismo crónico y cuadro clínico progresivo de deterioro cognitivo-conductual, trastornos de la marcha y esfinterianos, a quien se le realizó una cisternografía radioisotópica con el objetivo de comprobar su eficacia en el estudio de la dinámica del líquido cefalorraquídeo para diagnosticar la hidrocefalia oculta normotensa. La resonancia magnética de cráneo evolutiva evidenció hidrocefalia y la cisternografía radioisotópica confirmó el diagnóstico de hidrocefalia oculta normotensa. A la paciente se le realizó una derivación ventrículo peritoneal con la que se obtuvo una respuesta clínica evolutiva favorable. Se concluye que la cisternografía radioisotópica continúa siendo una herramienta útil para confirmar este diagnóstico y predecir la respuesta al tratamiento derivativo(AU)


A female patient who was admitted to Hermanos Ameijeiras Clinical and Surgical Hospital is presented here. She had a history of chronic alcohol abuse and progressive clinical deterioration of cognitive behavioral, abnormal gait and sphincter disorders. This patient had a radioisotope cisternography in order to test its effectiveness in the study of the dynamics of cerebrospinal fluid, and to diagnose normotensive hidden hydrocephalus. This MRI revealed hydrocephalus and skull evolutionary radioisotope cisternography confirmed the diagnosis of normal pressure hidden hydrocephalus. This patient received a shunt with a favorable evolutionary clinical response. It is concluded that cisternography radioisotope remains a useful tool to confirm this diagnosis and predict response to derivative treatment(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Pneumoencephalography/methods , Hydrocephalus, Normal Pressure/diagnostic imaging , Cerebrospinal Fluid/diagnostic imaging , Hydrocephalus, Normal Pressure/diagnosis
14.
Prog. obstet. ginecol. (Ed. impr.) ; 59(1): 21-23, ene.-feb. 2016. ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-163815

ABSTRACT

La atresia ileal aislada es una situación poco frecuente que cuenta con limitados casos publicados en la bibliografía internacional. Su diagnóstico es complejo y se realiza siempre en el tercer trimestre de gestación. Puede complicarse en un 5% de los casos con peritonitis meconial, la cual empeora el pronóstico. Presentamos un caso de debut tardío de atresia ileal con perforación intestinal y peritonitis meconial en una mujer con buen control gestacional (AU)


Isolated ileal atresia is a rare situation, with few cases reported in the international literature. Its diagnosis is difficult and always occurs on the third trimester of pregnancy. It can be complicated by meconium peritonitis in 5% of the cases, worsening the prognosis. We present a late debut of a case of ileal atresia with bowel perforation and meconium peritonitis in a woman with excellent pregnancy controls (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Labor, Obstetric , Analgesia, Epidural/adverse effects , Bupivacaine/therapeutic use , Acetaminophen/therapeutic use , Gait Disorders, Neurologic/complications , Biopsy, Needle/adverse effects , Pneumocephalus/complications , Pneumoencephalography/methods , Dura Mater , Diagnosis, Differential , Skull/pathology , Skull , Enoxaparin/therapeutic use
17.
Rev. esp. cir. ortop. traumatol. (Ed. impr.) ; 59(4): 222-226, jul.-ago. 2015. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-136978

ABSTRACT

El neumoencéfalo es una complicación poco frecuente pero grave de la cirugía de la columna vertebral, su manejo y fisiopatología no es ampliamente conocida. La incidencia de neumoencéfalo sintomático a tensión, secundario a una artrodesis vertebral posterior es desconocida. Caso clínico. Presentamos el caso de una paciente mujer de 41 años de edad, con diagnóstico de discopatía L3-L4, L4-L5 y hernia discal izquierda L4-L5. Se realizó una artrodesis vertebral posterior L3-L5, discectomías L3-L4 y L4-L5 y liberación de la raíz L5 izquierda, sin complicaciones aparentes. Transcurridas 24 h después de la cirugía, la paciente inicia cuadro de cefalea generalizada de fuerte intensidad, rigidez de nuca y disartria. Se realizan TAC y RMN que muestran un enorme neumoencéfalo en el espacio subaracnoideo, a predominio del lóbulo frontal izquierdo, sin desplazamiento de la línea media, con origen en el conducto raquídeo lumbar. La paciente fue tratada de forma conservadora, presentando a partir de las 72 h mejoría neurológica progresiva, hasta la normalización clínica y radiológica después de 7 días. Discusión. El neumoencéfalo es una complicación rara pero potencialmente grave de la cirugía de columna, relacionada en la mayoría de los casos con desgarro dural accidental durante la cirugía. La mayoría de las colecciones son pequeñas, se comportan de forma benigna, y responden al tratamiento conservador. En un gran número de pacientes, puede comportarse como cualquier lesión ocupante de espacio, por lo que se necesita un alto grado de sospecha clínica para hacer el diagnóstico y tratamiento oportuno, y prevenir la morbimortalidad no deseadas (AU)


Pneumocephalus is an uncommon but serious complication of spinal surgery and its management and pathophysiology is not widely recognized. The incidence of symptomatic tension pneumocephalus secondary to posterior spinal arthrodesis is unknown. Case report. The case is reported of a rare case of a 41 year old woman with diagnosis of L3-L4, L4-L5 disc disease and left disc herniation L4-L5. A posterior spinal arthrodesis L3-L5, L3-L4 and L4-L5 discectomies and release of the left L5 root, was performed without apparent complications. Twenty-four hours after surgery the patient developed generalized headache, neck stiffness, and dysarthria. MRI and CT scans revealed a huge pneumocephalus in the subarachnoid space, predominantly in the left frontal lobe without midline shift, which originated in the lumbar spinal canal. The patient was treated conservatively, with progressive neurological improvement after 72 hours, and clinical and radiological normalization after 7 days. Discussion. Pneumocephalus is a rare but potentially serious complication of spine surgery related in most cases with inadvertent dural tear during the operation. Most collections are small, behave benign, and respond to conservative therapy. In the present case, an inadvertent dural tear, produced a pneumocephalus. A high degree of suspicion is needed to make the diagnosis, prompt treatment, as well as remedying the source of air to prevent unwanted morbidity and mortality (AU)


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Pneumoencephalography/methods , Pneumoencephalography , Arthrodesis , Brain/pathology , Brain Diseases, Metabolic/complications , Postoperative Complications/diagnosis , Postoperative Complications/therapy , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods
19.
Clin Nucl Med ; 40(1): e55-7, 2015 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25072925

ABSTRACT

We report a case of a 37-year-old woman with severe headache provoked by postural changes who was referred to the nuclear medicine department for radionuclide cisternography to demonstrate suspected cerebrospinal fluid leakage. There was an increased uptake laterally on the left paraspinal region of upper thoracal spine and posteriorly on the upper cervical region. Fused SPECT/CT images located the exact leakage site as at the first costovertebral junction level on the left side laterally and on the posterior region of the first and second cervical spine. The treatment with epidural blood patch was successful.


Subject(s)
Blood Patch, Epidural , Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak/diagnostic imaging , Pneumoencephalography , Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon , Adult , Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak/therapy , Female , Humans , Radiopharmaceuticals , Technetium Tc 99m Pentetate , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
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