Exogenous lipoid pneumonia induced by nasal decongestant.

INTRODUCTION: Lipoid pneumonia is a clinical condition that may be initially asymptomatic or confused with an infectious or malignant lung disease. OBJECTIVES: We report four cases of this pathological condition. METHODS: The first case concerned an 85-year old woman with bilateral confluent pulmonary opacities, ground-glass type. Diagnosis was based on the cytology of the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid followed by its ultrastructural examination. The second case was a 47-year-old man with an isolated pulmonary nodule, which was surgically removed; the diagnosis of lipoid pneumonia was formulated on the basis of the histological and electron microscopy examination. The third case concerned a 73-year-old woman, with bilateral hypodense areas at the bases of the lungs where FDG PET/CT scan showed an increased uptake. Diagnosis was formulated by BAL cytology and electron microscopy examination. The fourth case was a 69-year-old man, who performed a virtual colonoscopy for diverticulosis putting in evidence a round mass (3 cm in diameter) with two small peripheral nodules, located in the pulmonary left lower lobe. The histopathological examination of transthoracic biopsy confirmed a lipoid pneumonia. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In all four cases, it was put in evidence a prolonged use of a nasal decongestant containing mineral oils. In literature, the most cases described are characterized by a subclinical evolution and were presented as ground glass opacities which evolve, in the later phases, in an interstitial involvement or in a peripheral mass, simulating a lung tumour.

Study of Acute Exogenous Lipoid Pneumonia.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical and imagenological characteristics of acute Exogenous lipoid pneumonia (ELP), explore its risk factors, and assess the potential role of multiple bronchoalveolar lavages (BALs) and steroid therapy in the treatment of children with acute ELP. METHODS: Between May 2011 and July 2014, 33 pediatric patients with pneumonia caused by aspiration of oil-based substances were admitted to the Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangdong, China. Data on the demographics of these patients, as well as that on clinical presentations, imagenological characteristics, history of ingestion, laboratory observations, treatment protocol, response to therapy, BAL findings, and treatment outcomes were collected. RESULTS: The study group consisted of 23 boys (69.7 %) and 10 girls (30.3 %), with ages ranging from 4 mo to 4 y. They were admitted to the hospital 2 h to 13 d after ingesting the oil-based substance. By the time of admission, most patients presented with respiratory distress and other symptoms, including tachypnea (n = 21), cough (n = 25), mild fever (n = 18), progressive dyspnea (n = 12), and pneumorrhagia (n = 5); six patients received mechanical ventilation because of complicated respiratory distress syndrome. The most common laboratory observations were leukocytosis (25 of 33, 75.8 %), neutrophilia (23 of 33, 69.7 %), and anemia (8 of 33, 24.2 %). Serum biochemical examination showed elevated sedimentation rates (24 of 33, 72.7 %), lactate dehydrogenase levels (18 of 33, 54.5 %), and C-reactive protein levels (17 of 33, 51.5 %). The most common finding on computed tomography (CT) scans was areas of consolidation. Within the follow-up duration of 2 wk to 6 mo, all patients with clinical symptoms of ELP experienced remission, and none died. The CT scans of most of the cases were normal by 1 to 3 mo, except for two patients who showed complete improvement 6 mo after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: It was found that multiple BALs combined with steroid therapy result in significant improvement of clinical, radiologic, and laboratory parameters in children with acute ELP. Further, some traditional practices may predispose children to ELP, even in the absence of underlying risk factors. Finally, pneumorrhagia and acute respiratory distress syndrome may be the main complications of acute ELP in children.

Lipoid Pneumonia After Prolonged Inhalation of Clarified Butter Made from the Milk of a Buffalo or Cow (Ghee).

Lipoid pneumonia is a rare form of pneumonia caused by inhalation or aspiration of fat containing substances. It can present acutely or more commonly presents as an insidious onset chronic respiratory illness. It requires a high degree of suspicion with great emphasis on history. It can mimic tuberculosis, malignancy or interstitial lung disease. We report the case of a 31-year-old male with a history of sniffing hydrogenated oil, presenting with a non-resolving pneumonia.

Neumonía lipoidea por aspiración accidental de parafina en un «comedor de fuego» / Lipoid pneumonia due to accidental aspiration of paraffin in a «Fire-Eater»

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Neumonía lipoidea: a propósito de un caso / Lipoid pneumonia: presentation of a case

Se presenta un caso de neumonía lipoidea atendida en nuestro centro de salud. Se trata de una enfermedad rara que es importante conocer en atención primaria para poder pensar en ella. Esta entidad se conoce desde 1925, cuando fue descrita por primera vez por Laughlen, quien describió un caso de neumonía lipoidea secundaria a una inyección de aceite en la zona nasofaríngea. En la actualidad constituye una rareza, siendo su causa más frecuente la utilización de gotas nasales con aceites en su composición (cada vez en menor uso). Su etiología puede ser endógena y exógena. Aunque el diagnóstico anatomopatológico suele ser la mayor parte de las veces el más relevante, el estudio de una lesión radiológica en puede, en ocasiones, hacer sospechar el cuadro en función de los antecedentes del paciente. El caso que aquí se presenta es el de una neumonía lipoidea aguda en paciente joven que realizaba actuaciones esporádicas como «tragador de fuego»(AU)

We report a case of lipoid pneumonia treated in our Health Centre. It is a disease that occurs rarely, but is important in Primary Care. This condition has been known since 1925, when it was first described by Laughlen, who described a case of lipoid pneumonia secondary to an injection of oil in the nasopharyngeal area. Today it is a rarity, and it is most frequently associated with the use of oil-based nasal drops (which are now decreasing in use). Its aetiology may be endogenous or exogenous. Although the pathological diagnosis is generally the most important, sometimes a lesion in the chest X-ray can lead us to suspect it due to the patient's history. This was a case of acute lipoid pneumonia in a young patient, who periodically performed as a “fire eater”(AU)

Lipoid pneumonia: spectrum of clinical and radiologic manifestations.

OBJECTIVE: Lipoid pneumonia results from accumulation of lipids in the alveoli and can be either exogenous or endogenous in cause based on the source of the lipid. Exogenous lipoid pneumonia is caused by inhalation or aspiration of animal fat or vegetable or mineral oil. Endogenous lipoid pneumonia is usually associated with bronchial obstruction. The purpose of this article is to review the pathogenesis and clinical and radiologic manifestations of exogenous and endogenous lipoid pneumonia. CONCLUSION: The ability to recognize the radiologic manifestations of lipoid pneumonia is important because, in the appropriate clinical setting, these findings can be diagnostic.

Neumonía lipoidea en relación con una aspiración accidental de gasóleo / Lipoid pneumonia related to an accidental aspiration of gas-oil

Se presenta el caso de un varón de 35 años, sin historia previa de patología pulmonar crónica y no fumador, que acude al servicio de urgencias tras la aspiración accidental de gasóleo y desarrolla en el curso de unas horas una neumonía lipoidea. En la tomografía computadorizada (TC) se observa una zona en vidrio deslustrado en lóbulo medio que, junto a la presencia del antecedente epidemiológico inmediato, permite establecer el diagnóstico. Tras un año de seguimiento el paciente permanece estable y asintomático, aunque persisten en la TC leves secuelas del proceso agudo

A 35-year-old non smoker man with no known history of chronic pulmonary disease, was treated at our hospital after accidental aspiration of gas-oil. He had developed an acute lipoid pneumonia in a few hours. Computed tomography of the chest showed a ground-glass pattern in middle lobe; given the immediate epidemiological precedent, it was possible to confirm a definitive diagnosis. One year later the patient is asymptomatic although small signs of acute process remain in the computed tomography

Neumonía lipoidea exógena. Presentación de un nuevo caso / Exogenous lipoid pneumonia. Presentation of a new case

La neumonía lipoidea exógena es una entidad poco frecuente, secundariaa la aspiración continuada de lípidos exógenos. Su forma de presentación crónica es la más habitual, pero también se puede observar de forma aguda en casos de aspiraciones masivas accidentales de material lipídico. Presentamos un caso clínico de neumonía lipoidea crónica secundaria a la aspiración continuada de “gotas nasales”

Exogenous lipoid pneumonia is a rare disease, secondary to continued aspiration of exogenous lipoid. Usually is a chronic disease, but also an acute form can be produced by massive accidental aspirations of lipidic material. We present a case of chronic lipoid pneumonia secondary to the continued aspiration of “nasal drops”

Successful treatment of endogenous lipoid pneumonia due to Niemann-Pick Type B disease with whole-lung lavage.

In Type B Niemann-Pick disease, progressive pulmonary infiltration is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, although the disease is usually diagnosed before adulthood in other organ systems. To date, no successful treatment of pulmonary involvement by Niemann-Pick disease has been documented. We describe the case of a patient with Niemann-Pick Type B disease who presented with extensive endogenous lipoid pneumonia and life-threatening hypoxia following bypass grafting for severe coronary artery disease. A surgical lung biopsy at the time of grafting revealed characteristic histology and ultrastructural features of Niemann-Pick disease, with confirmatory findings in biochemical studies. Because of the severity of the patient's symptoms, bilateral whole-lung lavage was undertaken, leading to symptomatic improvement, lessening of parenchymal opacification on high-resolution computed tomographic scanning, and a marked improvement in resting arterial oxygen tension while breathing air to 10.3 kPa from 8.4 kPa. Whole-lung lavage may be a potentially useful modality of treatment for patients with pulmonary involvement by Niemann-Pick Type B disease.

Neumonía lipoidea exógena asociada a síndrome hemafagocítico / Exogenous lipoid pneumonia associated with hemophagocytic syndrome

La neumonía lipoidea exógena(NLE)se produce por inhalación o aspiración de sustancias oleosas que general una respuesta inflamatoria fibrosante.Es más frecuente durante la administración de aceite mineral por constipación crónica.Presentamos el caso de una niña de veinte meses de edad con pancitopenia que requirió transfusiones,episodios de broncoespamo con bronquitis aguda y hepatomegalia con ictericia.Se descartó hemolísis y enfermedad de Wilson,Un aspirado de médula ósea(MO)mostró hemofagocitosis.En las biopsias de MO e hígado se reconocieron histiocitos de citoplasma amplio,univacuolados o multivacuolados, con siderosis y hemofagocitosis,Se efectuó el diagnóstico de síndrome hemofagocítico(SHF)La paciente no mejoró y falleció al año,días después de una esplenectomía.La necropsia mostró una neumonía lipoidea con fibrosis intersticial e inflamación.En MO se vio extensa histiocitosis y células hemopoyéticas en el sector marginal.El análisis químico del pulmón y MO reveló la presencia de hidrocarburos lineales de 19-20 carbonos asimilables a aceite mineral(vaselina)Interpretamos que la paciente padeció una NLE crónica con daño pulmonar severo.La sustancia exógena desencadenó la activación macrofágica con SHF y pancitopenia.Esta se compensaba con hemopoyesis extramedular y transfusiones.La esplenectomía agravó la anemia y desencadenó el deceso,No hemos hallado referencia de la combinación NLE y SHF

Neumonía lipoidea exógena asociada a síndrome hemafagocítico / Exogenous lipoid pneumonia associated with hemophagocytic syndrome

La neumonía lipoidea exógena(NLE)se produce por inhalación o aspiración de sustancias oleosas que general una respuesta inflamatoria fibrosante.Es más frecuente durante la administración de aceite mineral por constipación crónica.Presentamos el caso de una niña de veinte meses de edad con pancitopenia que requirió transfusiones,episodios de broncoespamo con bronquitis aguda y hepatomegalia con ictericia.Se descartó hemolísis y enfermedad de Wilson,Un aspirado de médula ósea(MO)mostró hemofagocitosis.En las biopsias de MO e hígado se reconocieron histiocitos de citoplasma amplio,univacuolados o multivacuolados, con siderosis y hemofagocitosis,Se efectuó el diagnóstico de síndrome hemofagocítico(SHF)La paciente no mejoró y falleció al año,días después de una esplenectomía.La necropsia mostró una neumonía lipoidea con fibrosis intersticial e inflamación.En MO se vio extensa histiocitosis y células hemopoyéticas en el sector marginal.El análisis químico del pulmón y MO reveló la presencia de hidrocarburos lineales de 19-20 carbonos asimilables a aceite mineral(vaselina)Interpretamos que la paciente padeció una NLE crónica con daño pulmonar severo.La sustancia exógena desencadenó la activación macrofágica con SHF y pancitopenia.Esta se compensaba con hemopoyesis extramedular y transfusiones.La esplenectomía agravó la anemia y desencadenó el deceso,No hemos hallado referencia de la combinación NLE y SHF

Lipoid pneumonitis complicating treatment of Hodgkin's disease.

The development of lipoid pneumonitis (LP) is associated with exposure to mineral, animal or vegetable oils through inhalation or local application. We report here on a 34-year-old patient with lipoid pneumonitis complicating the treatment of Hodgkin's disease. A review of the relevant literature on the pathophysiology and diagnosis of LP is provided with emphasis on possible mechanisms of development of LP in Hodgkin's disease.

[Exogenous lipoid pneumonia]. / Neumonía lipoídica exógena.

We report 30 patients with exogenous lipoid pneumonia due to vegetal oil. This was employed in most of the cases during the first month of life for digestive tube symptomatology; clinical manifestations began three months following administrations, as a pneumonia or bronchopneumonia with a respiratory distress syndrome of variable severity. 60% of the thorax x-ray studies were abnormal, the main finding was opacity. One patient has alterations of the mechanics of deglutition; seven had gastroesophageal reflux. Arterial gasometry showed hypoxaemia and increase of alveolo-arterial gradient of oxygen in all. Ten patients died and all the survivors were reevaluated in september, 1988; 18 had normal physical findings. Thorax x-ray studies in 13 patients had right reticulate infiltration and 6 right apical opacity; ECG showed right ventricular hypertrophy in 3. Perfusion pulmonary gamagram with technetium 99 was abnormal in 5. Gastroesophageal reflux was evident in 2. Five were under treatment for several causes. Diagnosis and treatment is discussed.

[Lipid pneumopathy caused by occupational exposure to cutting oil]. / Pneumopathie lipidique par exposition professionnelle à l'huile de coupe.

This is a case report of a diffuse interstitial pneumonia which developed rapidly in a 45-year-old patient who was occupationally exposed to regular inhalations of motor oil spray. The diagnosis of lipid pneumonia was based on a lung biopsy carried out by thoracoscopy. The biochemical analysis of the lipid extracted from the alveolar lavage and of the pleural liquid showed the presence of hydrocarbons, which were analogous to those found in motor oil and the strippings that were used. The subsequent progress without treatment after removal from the risk showed a partial regression of the radiological abnormalities. The incidence of occupational pneumonia to mineral oils is relatively low when the frequency of exposure is taken into account: objective data on the extent and the nature of exposure are often incomplete in published observations. The occurrence of respiratory symptoms or radiological changes in exposed subjects requires, nevertheless, a search for a possible lipid pneumonia. The diagnosis rests on a biochemical and cytological analysis of the alveolar liquid and on a lung biopsy.