Mal do século: meio ambiente e doença no filme "Safe" (1995) de Todd Haynes / Evil of the century: environment and disease in the film "Safe" (1995) by Todd Haynes / El mal del siglo: medio ambiente y enfermedad en la película "Safe" (1995) de Todd Haynes

O filme "Safe" (1995), dirigido por Todd Haynes, conta a história de Carol White, dona de casa de classe média alta em Los Angeles, que começa a sofrer de uma misteriosa alergia aos frutos da "modernidade" (alimentos ultraprocessados, produtos sintéticos e poluição). Realizado décadas atrás, o filme é atual para criticar a sociedade contemporânea, explorando a desconexão e o vazio existencial nas crises ambientais. A resenha se aprofunda nos dilemas sofridos pela personagem que, apesar de viver em um ambiente abastado, sente-se alienada e busca refúgio em um grupo que oferece uma solução pseudocientífica para seu mal. O filme se posiciona como uma crítica à sociedade de consumo e às consequências das políticas neoliberais, questionando a eficácia de soluções superficiais para problemas profundos e sistêmicos.

The film "Safe" (1995), directed by Todd Haynes, tells the story of Carol White, an upper-middle-class housewife in Los Angeles, who begins to suffer from a mysterious allergy to the fruits of "modernity" (ultra-processed foods, synthetic products and pollution). Despite being made decades ago, the film is current in criticizing contemporary society, exploring the disconnection and existential void in environmental crises. The review delves into the dilemmas suffered by the character who, despite living in a wealthy environment, feels alienated and seeks refuge in a group that offers a pseudoscientific solution to her illness. The film positions itself as a critique of consumer society and the consequences of neoliberal policies, questioning the effectiveness of superficial solutions to deep, systemic problems.

La película "Safe" (1995), dirigida por Todd Haynes, cuenta la historia de Carol White, una ama de casa de clase media alta de Los Ángeles, que comienza a sufrir una misteriosa alergia a los frutos de la "modernidad" (alimentos, productos ultraprocesados, productos sintéticos y contaminación). A pesar de haber sido realizada hace décadas, la película está vigente en su crítica a la sociedad contemporánea, explorando la desconexión y el vacío existencial en las crisis ambientales. La reseña profundiza en los dilemas que sufre el personaje que, pese a vivir en un entorno acomodado, se siente alienada y busca refugio en un grupo que ofrece una solución pseudocientífica a su enfermedad. La película se posiciona como una crítica a la sociedad de consumo y las consecuencias de las políticas neoliberales, cuestionando la efectividad de soluciones superficiales a problemas sistémicos profundos.

Value per Statistical Life at the Sub-National Level as a Tool for Assessing Public Health and Environmental Problems.

This article aims to estimate the Value per Statistical Life (VSL) and Value per Statistical Life Year (VSLY) at the sub-national level, which can be used to calculate the economic impact of health and environmental problems. We estimate the value of life for Mexico and its 32 states, grouped into 5 regions for 2021. We used the OECD's guidelines on "Mortality Risk Valuation in Environment, Health and Transport Policies," which applies the measure of Willingness to Pay (WTP) and Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA). Mexico's overall VSL of $2 000 000 USD in 2021 showcases the value placed on human life. The variation in VSL across the 32 states, with Chiapas having the lowest VSL of $400 000 USD and Mexico City boasting the highest VSL of $3 300 000 USD highlights the different levels of regional development and people's willingness to pay to reduce the risk of mortality. Our estimates of VSL and VSLY have the potential to contribute to the evaluation of public policies in the fields of health and the environment. Monetizing human life through these estimates can offer valuable insights to policymakers at both the national and sub-national levels. By quantifying the economic value placed on human life, this paper helps decision-makers prioritize investments, assess the cost-effectiveness of interventions, and allocate resources to maximize societal well-being.

Market concentration in industrial and commercial non-hazardous waste valorisation: the case of Chile.

Market concentration among buyers of recycled materials is a phenomenon discussed since the 1980 s by the anti-trust literature. Yet, there is still a lack of studies on simultaneous market concentration on both the supply and demand sides. This is particularly relevant when Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) policies produce two-sided waste generation and valorisation markets. Thus, the purpose of this study is to explore the link between market concentration on the generation side and market share on the valorisation side. Specifically, this research addresses the case of valorisation of commercial and industrial non-hazardous waste in Chile. The analysis covers 261 companies that valorised industrial and commercial non-hazardous waste between 2015 and 2019. Being part of the top 10 % of generator companies in Chile is significantly correlated to higher valorisation market share, in a context in which mean market share per company decreased, total tons valorised stagnated, and the country-level valorisation rate diminished.

Preparing schools for future pandemics: Insights on water, sanitation and hygiene solutions from the Brazilian school reopening policies.

Post-COVID-19, schools urgently need to enhance infection control and prevention (IPC) measures, including water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH), to prepare for future outbreaks and pandemics. Particularly in Brazil, that is of particular concern, as students are still recovering from the 20th longest school closure in the world. Hence, the current study had two goals: (i) to describe WASH solutions outlined in policies released at the federal, state, and capital city levels in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic for the safe reopening of schools and (ii) to discuss their potential to enhance school's capacity to remain operational during a new pandemic or outbreak. With a qualitative exploratory approach, we performed content analysis to discuss the direction (what, where, how and for whom?) of 66 public policies by integrating four frameworks. Solutions were discussed in the light of the principles of human rights and the human rights to water and sanitation, international guidelines for WASH and IPC in schools and the Sphere minimum standards for humanitarian aid. One hundred and fifty-nine solutions, spanning five thematic areas and five population groups, including software and hardware interventions, were compiled for potential use in Brazil and beyond. While suggested solutions have the potential to provide a cleaner and safer learning environment, it is essential to exercise caution when implementing these measures and adapt them to the specific circumstances of each school.

Framing fact-checks as a "confirmation" increases engagement with corrections of misinformation: a four-country study.

Previous research has extensively investigated why users spread misinformation online, while less attention has been given to the motivations behind sharing fact-checks. This article reports a four-country survey experiment assessing the influence of confirmation and refutation frames on engagement with online fact-checks. Respondents randomly received semantically identical content, either affirming accurate information ("It is TRUE that p") or refuting misinformation ("It is FALSE that not p"). Despite semantic equivalence, confirmation frames elicit higher engagement rates than refutation frames. Additionally, confirmation frames reduce self-reported negative emotions related to polarization. These findings are crucial for designing policy interventions aiming to amplify fact-check exposure and reduce affective polarization, particularly in critical areas such as health-related misinformation and harmful speech.

Multicountry research on comprehensive abortion policy implementation in Latin America: a mixed-methods study protocol.

INTRODUCTION: Access to comprehensive abortion care could prevent the death of between 13 865 and 38 940 women and the associated morbidity of 5 million women worldwide. There have been some important improvements in Latin America in terms of laws and policies on abortion. However, the predominant environment is still restrictive, and many women, adolescents and girls still face multiple barriers to exercise their reproductive rights. This research will systematically assess comprehensive abortion policies in five Latin American countries (Argentina, Colombia, Honduras, Mexico and Uruguay). The aim is to identify barriers, facilitators and strategies to the implementation of abortion policies, looking at four key dimensions-regulatory framework, abortion policy dynamics, abortion service delivery and health system and health outcomes indicators-to draw cross-cutting lessons learnt to improve current implementation and inform future safe abortion policy development. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: A mixed-method design will be used in the five countries to address the four dimensions through the Availability, Accessibility, Acceptability and Quality of Care model. The data collection tools include desk reviews and semi-structured interviews with key actors. Analysis will be performed using thematic analysis and stakeholder analysis. A regional synthesis exercise will be conducted to draw lessons on barriers, facilitators and the strategies. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The project has been approved by the WHO Research Ethics Review Committee (ID: A66023) and by the local research ethics committees. Informed consent will be obtained from participants. Data will be treated with careful attention to protecting privacy and confidentiality. Findings from the study will be disseminated through a multipurpose strategy to target diverse audiences to foster the use of the study findings to inform the public debate agenda and policy implementation at national level. The strategy will include academic, advocacy and policy arenas and actors, including peer-reviewed publication and national and regional dissemination workshops.

The effects of social pensions on nutrition-related health outcomes of the poor: Quasi-experimental evidence from Peru.

This paper exploits the discontinuity around a welfare index of eligibility to assess the impact of Peru's social pension program Pension 65 on nutrition-related health outcomes among elderly poor individuals. Overall, we find evidence of how a relatively inexpensive program can produce improvements in anemia and nutrition-related mortality risk markers. The effects appear to be driven by plausible underlying mechanisms, including via improved nutritional quality as well as greater food expenditures and healthcare utilization. These positive effects are only modestly countered by tentative signs of an increased obesity risk among women in the short term (<2 years), but not beyond this term. As the program evolves further, policymakers need to confront the challenge of continuing to ensure the health benefits in terms of reducing nutritional deficits while avoiding potential undesirable side effects in terms of over-nutrition in Peru. The findings may serve to highlight the wider benefits of similar pension policies for the poor also in other middle income countries, well beyond the immediate economic welfare effects that the policies have primarily been designed for.

Leader-follower formation control based on non-inertial frames for non-holonomic mobile robots.

A chain formation strategy based on mobile frames for a set of n differential drive mobile robots is presented. Considering two consecutive robots in the formation, robots Ri and Ri+1. It is intended that robot Ri+1 follows the delayed trajectory, τ units of time, of the leader robot Ri. In this way, the follower robot Ri+1 becomes the leader robot for robot Ri+ 2 in the formation and so on. With this formation policy, the trailing distance between two consecutive robots varies accordingly to the velocity of the Ri leader robot. Mobile frames are located on the body of the vehicles, in such a way that the position of robot Ri is determined with respect to the frame located on Ri+1 robot. The strategy relies on the fact that the general leader robot R1 describes any trajectory generated by bounded linear v1(t) and angular ω1(t) velocities. For the remaining vehicles in the string, the strategy considers a desired trajectory for the follower robot Ri+1 obtained by an estimation of the delayed trajectory of the leader robot Ri. This desired estimated trajectory is obtained under the knowledge of the actual and past input velocities of the Ri robot. To formally prove the convergence of the formation strategy, the equations describing the time variation of the relative posture between any pair of consecutive vehicles in the formation are obtained, and a feedback law based on local measurements is proposed to get the convergence of robot Ri+1 to the delayed trajectory, τ units of time, of the trajectory previously described by robot Ri. Lyapunov techniques are considered for this fact. The effectiveness of the chain formation solution is evaluated by means of numerical simulations and real time experiments showing an adequate convergence.

A decision support procedure for the bioeconomy transition: A Colombian case study.

An increasing number of countries and regions consider the bioeconomy transition a strategic policy priority. When approached through the lens of a circular economy perspective, investments in bioeconomy have the potential to enhance resource utilisation efficiency, preserve biodiversity and ecosystems, and foster sustainable development with low emissions. At the same time, if requirements and contextual factors of bioeconomy strategies are not formally analysed, bioeconomic investments might lead to unintended negative consequences. This paper proposes a decision support procedure to design, assess, prioritise, and monitor bioeconomy investments and policies. The flexibility and scalability of our decision support procedure is tested in Colombia to foster a regional and local transition to bioeconomy initiatives that consider the local capital assets and the stakeholders' views. The heterogeneous character of the Colombian environment, economy, society and culture represents an ideal condition to test the strength of the decision support procedure to promote bioeconomy in low and middle-income countries. Our empirical results highlight the benefit of adopting a formal assessment framework that includes strategic national indicators, regional features and stakeholders' views. In terms of the Colombian regional bioeconomy ambitions, we highlight the need for expanding knowledge hubs and participatory stakeholder networks and buttressing appropriate financial mechanisms.

Challenges to the development of taxation policies for sugar-sweetened beverages in Colombia.

Frequent consumption of sugar sweetened beverages (SSB) is related to the risks of developing overweight, obesity, cavities, diabetes and other diseases. Policies to significantly increase taxes on SSB have proven to be effective in reducing their consumption. The political debate on implementing these taxes in Colombia shows a series of barriers to placing this policy on the political agenda, and therefore, to its approval. This work analyses the political process involved in the struggle for the approval of an SBB tax in Colombia, as well as barriers and opportunities to putting it on the political agenda. This is done through a policy analysis with three research methods: a documentary analysis, political mapping of actors and semistructured interviews with key actors. Among the main findings, we have that actors who are in favour of the SSB tax stated that it is needed due to the health problems caused by SSB consumption, while those who opposed it argue that Colombia regulations are sufficient and already inform and educate consumers on excessive sugar consumption and its health implications. The Colombian political context is a barrier to SSB taxation, as the government favours and has a close connection with the food and SSB industry. In short, the policy issue has been reaching the agenda intermittently throughout the years. Nevertheless, new opportunities are arising after the COVID-19 pandemic and the 2022 administrative changes and further efforts from policy entrepreneurs are required to make this initiative progress in the political agenda.

Understanding political divisiveness using online participation data from the 2022 French and Brazilian presidential elections.

Digital technologies can augment civic participation by facilitating the expression of detailed political preferences. Yet, digital participation efforts often rely on methods optimized for elections involving a few candidates. Here we present data collected in an online experiment where participants built personalized government programmes by combining policies proposed by the candidates of the 2022 French and Brazilian presidential elections. We use this data to explore aggregates complementing those used in social choice theory, finding that a metric of divisiveness, which is uncorrelated with traditional aggregation functions, can identify polarizing proposals. These metrics provide a score for the divisiveness of each proposal that can be estimated in the absence of data on the demographic characteristics of participants and that explains the issues that divide a population. These findings suggest that divisiveness metrics can be useful complements to traditional aggregation functions in direct forms of digital participation.

Social fund and infant mortality: Evidence from an anti-poverty policy in Northeast Brazil.

This paper evaluates the effects of a social fund that meets the needs of the poor in Northeast Brazil, the Fundos Estaduais de Combate e Erradicação da Pobreza (FECEP). The program could have improved infant health by reducing poverty and improving access to health care, sanitation, food, and housing. Using a difference-in-differences approach robust to heterogeneous treatment effects, we confirm that the program has effectively reduced poverty in treated areas. Furthermore, we document that this poverty reduction is associated with a significant decline in infant mortality. These findings provide consistent evidence that targeted public investments can improve living conditions in vulnerable regions.

Phosphorus recovery from domestic wastewater: A review of the institutional framework.

Phosphorus (P) is an essential element for life that must be managed sustainably. The institutional framework for P recovery from wastewater includes policies, regulations, plans, and actions that promote the recovery, recycling, and safe use of this element, aimed at moving toward more sustainable nutrient management and environmental protection. This review analyzes the status of the institutional framework for P recovery from wastewater in different countries around the world. Europe is the continent where the most progress has been made in terms of legislation. Countries such as Germany, the Netherlands, Austria, and Denmark have already implemented policies and regulations that promote environmental protection, as well as P recovery and reuse. In other parts of the world, such as the United States, China, and Japan, there have also been significant advances in promoting the closure of the P cycle, with the implementation of advanced recovery technologies in wastewater treatment plants and regional/national action plans. By contrast, in Latin America there has been little progress in P treatment and recovery, with a weak regulatory framework, unclear goals, and insufficient allocation of techno-economic resources. In this context, it is necessary to reinforce the comprehensive institutional framework, which covers technological aspects, economic incentives, political agreements, and regulations, to promote the sustainable management of this valuable resource.

O passado é uma roupa que continua servindo: política de drogas e a manutenção das comunidades terapêuticas / The past is a clothing that continues to serve: psychiatric reform to the maintenance of therapeutic communities / El pasado es una vestimenta que sigue sirviendo: reforma psiquiátrica al mantenimiento de las comunidades terapéuticas

O presente trabalho busca contribuir para o debate a respeito da política de drogas e da manutenção do financiamento das comunidades terapêuticas pelo atual governo do presidente Lula. De maneira contraditória, visualizamos a coexistência de uma política de cuidado em liberdade por meio de serviços e equipamentos públicos vinculados ao Ministério da Saúde, e por outro, a manutenção do financiamento de comunidades terapêuticas incorporada ao Ministério do Desenvolvimento e Assistência Social, Família e Combate à Fome, em total desacordo com os princípios da Reforma Psiquiátrica, e violando os Direitos Humanos. A pesquisa desenvolvida caracteriza-se enquanto qualitativa, um estudo de caráter documental e bibliográfico orientado pelo materialismo histórico-dialético

This paper aims to contribute to the debate regarding drug policy and the continued funding of therapeutic communities by President Lula's current administration. On the one hand, we see the coexistence of a policy of care in freedom through public services and equipment linked to the Ministry of Health, and on the other hand, the maintenance of funding for therapeutic communities incorporated into the Ministry of Development and Social Assistance, Family, and Fight against Hunger, which are in complete contradiction to the principles of psychiatric reform and in violation of human rights. The research conducted is qualitative, consisting of a documentary and bibliographical investigation guided by dialectical historical materialism

Este trabajo busca contribuir al debate sobre la política de medicamentos y el mantenimiento del financiamiento de las comunidades terapéuticas por parte del actual gobierno del presidente Lula. De un modo contradictorio, vemos la coexistencia de una política de cuidados en libertad a través de servicios y equipamientos públicos vinculados al Ministerio de Sanidad, y por otro, vinculado al Ministerio de Desarrollo y Asistencia Social, Familia y Lucha contra el Hambre, el mantenimiento de la financiación de las comunidades terapéuticas, en total desacuerdo con los principios de la reforma psiquiátrica y violatorios de los Derechos Humanos. Para ello, iniciamos nuestro camino con la Reforma Psiquiátrica, buscando comprender sus avances en los últimos años, hasta los primeros meses del tercer mandato del gobierno de Luís Inácio Lula da Silva. La investigación desarrollada se caracteriza por ser un estudio cualitativo, documental y bibliográfico, guiado por el materialismo histórico dialéctico

Situational diagnosis of policies in Latin American and Caribbean countries for the use of fluoride and reduction of sugar consumption.

Policy evaluation and guidance on fluoride use and sugar consumption in Latin American and Caribbean countries (LACC) may provide a scientific evidence basis for policymakers, dental professionals, civil society organizations and individuals committed to improving public oral health. A cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the extent of implementation of policies/guidelines on fluoride use, and sugar consumption in LACC. The study had two stages. First a questionnaire covering four major areas was developed: fluoridation of public water supplies; salt fluoridation; fluoride dentifrices, and sugar consumption. Then, the questionnaire was applied to collect data among representative participants in public oral health from LACC. Ninety-six participants from 18 LACC answered the questionnaire. One-hundred seventy documents were attached, and 285 links of websites were provided by the respondents. Implementation of policies and guidelines on water and table salt fluoridation and processed and ultra-processed food consumption were found in most countries, with some issues in the consensus and coverage. Thus, differences were identified in the extent of implementation of public oral health strategies on sugar consumption and fluoridation among the countries. There is no consensus on the policies in LACC to reduce sugar consumption and for the use of fluoride. A few policies and guidelines were applied in isolated countries, with a variety of strategies and standards. For future actions, it will be important to encourage the development of strategies and public policies within countries, and to evaluate the effectiveness of existing policies in reducing dental caries and in improving oral health in LACC.

The Brazilian Pharmaceutical Industry: Actors, Institutions, and Policies.

This paper aims to characterize the main actors in the Brazilian pharmaceutical industry - national companies, foreign companies and public laboratories - and analyze how they were affected and how they reacted to changes over the last 30 years in the institutional framework. The results show that national companies have been gaining prominence in the Brazilian pharmaceutical market with their internationalization movement and their strengthening of innovation strategies.

Meritocracia: uma ideologia em prol do Neoliberalismo / Meritocracy: an ideology in favor of Neoliberalism / Meritocracia: una ideología a favor del neoliberalismo

Este artigo visa mostrar como a meritocracia é uma ideologia que se imbrica no sistema capitalista neoliberal e promove a manutenção do status quo. Busca-se desnaturalizar a lógica meritocrática que se apresenta como inerente ao funcionamento social. Ela é mascarada pela aparência de ser a única proposta adequada para categorizar os sujeitos em seus devidos lugares, em uma sociedade de classes. A complexidade desse fenômeno, que se apresenta em um discurso lacunar, permite que sejam analisadas as brechas em que o próprio discurso meritocrático falha. Neste artigo, nos debruçaremos sobre tais lacunas, e verificaremos como essa ideologia, fundamentada pela lógica liberal, promove a legitimação das disparidades sociais. Para fazer essa análise, é necessário se esquivar da lógica individual, e verificar como, coletivamente, são produzidas e se mantidas superestruturas sociais que configuram as dimensões subjetivas da realidade. Não se propõe, portanto, um olhar ingênuo às estruturas sociais como "algo dado", e sim construído pelos agentes sociais que estão atravessados pela ideologia vigente (AU).

This paper aims to show how meritocracy is an ideology that is built-in the neoliberal capitalism and how it maintains the status quo. It seeks to denaturalize the meritocratic logic that presents itself as inherent to social functioning. Meritocracy is masked by the appearance of being the only appropriate proposal to categorize people to their standing in a class society. The complexity of this phenomenon, which is presented in a lacking discourse, allows one to analyze the gaps in which the meritocratic discourse itself fails. We intend to inspect such gaps, and see how this ideology, based on the liberal logic, promotes the legitimation of social disparities. In order to carry out this analysis, it is necessary to avoid the individualistic logic, and also to verify how social superstructures that compose the subjective dimensions of reality are produced and maintained collectively. Therefore, we do not propose a naive portrait of social structures as straightforward, but forged by the social agents who are mingled with the prevailing ideology (AU).

Este artículo tiene como objetivo mostrar cómo la meritocracia es una ideología que se inserta en el sistema capitalista neoliberal y promueve el mantenimiento del status quo. Buscamos desnaturalizar la lógica meritocrática que se presenta como inherente al funcionamiento social. Está enmascarado por la apariencia de ser la única propuesta adecuada para categorizar los asuntos en su lugar apropiado, en una sociedad de clases. La complejidad de este fenómeno, que se presenta en un discurso lacunar, permite analizar los vacíos en los que falla el propio discurso meritocrático. En este artículo examinaremos estas brechas y veremos cómo esta ideología, basada en la lógica liberal, promueve la legitimación de las disparidades sociales. Para realizar este análisis es necesario evitar la lógica individual y verificar cómo las superestructuras sociales que configuran las dimensiones subjetivas de la realidad se producen y mantienen colectivamente. Por tanto, no proponemos una mirada ingenua a las estructuras sociales como determinado, sino construidas por agentes sociales atravesados por la ideología imperante (AU).

Políticas e práticas de saúde mental na atenção básica: cenários a partir da perspectiva de trabalhadoras da saúde no jardim ângela, distrito do município de São Paulo / Mental health policies and practices in primary care: scenarios from the perspective of health workers of jardim ângela, a district of São Paulo city

Movimentos históricos pela reforma psiquiátrica configuraram a Saúde Mental enquanto campo de saberes e práticas. Isso possibilitou o enfrentamento ao paradigma psiquiátrico, outrora absoluto, sobre o fenômeno da loucura, e instaurou um processo social complexo de mudanças em conceitos, estruturas de serviços e práticas no contexto da assistência às pessoas em sofrimento psíquico. O cuidado em saúde mental na Atenção Básica está previsto em documentos do Ministério da Saúde. Esta previsibilidade do âmbito político-jurídico, entretanto, parece não encontrar correspondência no âmbito técnico assistencial, onde atuam as trabalhadoras, que por sua vez estão submetidas a exigências de produtividade em meio a aumentos de procura por atendimentos e inseguranças no manejo das demandas por saúde mental. Nesse contexto, nota-se que há um descompasso entre o que a política pública propõe e o que o serviço consegue realizar. Um olhar sobre as perspectivas e entendimentos que emergem no entre desses dois âmbitos pode indicar cenários sobre os quais seja possível a proposição de caminhos alternativos de enfrentamento aos atuais desafios. O presente trabalho é resultado de uma pesquisa realizada no território de MBoi Mirim, Distrito do Jardim Ângela, em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde na região sul do município de São Paulo. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa que objetiva identificar, a partir da perspectiva de trabalhadoras de saúde, cenários que se manifestam nos âmbitos das políticas e práticas no contexto da assistência às demandas por saúde mental na Atenção Básica. O trabalho foi teoricamente orientado pelas contribuições epistêmicas do campo da Saúde Mental, enquanto campo de saber e prática, tem o Grupo Focal como principal instrumento de escuta das trabalhadoras e a Análise de Conteúdo como meio de interpretar. Ofertar atendimento às demandas por saúde mental no contexto da Atenção Básica ainda é um desafio que está para além das complexidades próprias dessas demandas. Este é um terreno repleto de ambiguidades e contradições, atravessado por questões que, por um lado, apontam para concepções e práticas dos trabalhadores que atuam nesse nível de atenção no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) sobre o fenômeno da loucura e, por outro, dizem sobre a natureza de certas políticas públicas de saúde mental, cujos programas são implantados e implementados visando atender a projetos de governos, de viés ideológico, sem entregar, de fato, o que prometem ao usuário dos serviços.