Sources of indoor air pollution and respiratory health in preschool children.

We carried out bibliographic searches in PubMed and Embase.com for the period from 1996 to 2008 with the aim of reviewing the scientific literature on the relationship between various sources of indoor air pollution and the respiratory health of children under the age of five. Those studies that included adjusted correlation measurements for the most important confounding variables and which had an adequate population size were considered to be more relevant. The results concerning the relationship between gas energy sources and children's respiratory health were heterogeneous. Indoor air pollution from biomass combustion in the poorest countries was found to be an important risk factor for lower respiratory tract infections. Solvents involved in redecorating, DYI work, painting, and so forth, were found to be related to an increased risk for general respiratory problems. The distribution of papers depending on the pollution source showed a clear relationship with life-style and the level of development.

[Metabolic syndrome and other factors cardiovascular risk in workers of a plant of vinyl polychloride]. / Síndrome Metabólico y otros Factores de Riesgo Cardiovascular en Trabajadores de una Planta de Policloruro de Vinilo.

OBJECTIVE: To establish the prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and other factors of cardiovascular risk in a population of masculine workers of the operative area of the plant of vinyl poly chloride of a petrochemical complex, in the occident of Venezuela. METHOD: An analytical cross sectional study was performed in 84 workers, they was determined size, weight, arterial pressure, abdominal circumference, body mass index, smoke, alcoholic habits and medicaments consumption. Additionally, 10 ml fasting venous blood sample was taken to determine glycemia, total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C and VLDL-C. The diagnosis of the metabolic syndrome was carried out under the approaches of NCEP/ATP III criteria's. RESULTS: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was of 27 cases (32 ,1 %), 21 cases (77,7 %) in ages among 26-40 years. The alcohol consumption (91 ,6 %), LDL-C (64,3 %), high systolic arterial pressure (59,5 %), obesity (56,6 %) and high triglycerides (55,9 %) were the principal's cardiovascular factors risk detected. The biochemical parameters were significantly higher in the men with clinical diagnosis of metabolic syndrome in comparison with those that didn't present the syndrome (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: To weigh that the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was not so high, the factors of cardiovascular risk in an individual way were high, considering that the hard-working population is young is necessary to implement programs of prevention and changes of lifestyles to minimize the risk of coronary illness and vascular brain that lead to labour s disability.

Síndrome metabólico y otros factores de riesgo cardiovascular en trabajadores de una planta de policloruro de vinilo / Metabolic syndrome and other factors cardiovascular risk in workers of a plant of vinyl polychloride

Objetivo Establecer la prevalencia de Síndrome Metabólico y otros factores de riesgo cardiovascular en una población de trabajadores masculinos del área operativa de la planta de policloruro de vinilo de un complejo petroquímico, en el occidente de Venezuela. Métodos Estudio descriptivo, transversal realizado con 84 trabajadores a los cuales se les determinó talla, peso, presión arterial, circunferencia abdominal, índice de masa corporal, hábitos alcohólicos, tabáquicos y consumo de medicamentos. Adicionalmente se tomaron 10 ml de sangre venosa para glicemia en ayunas, colesterol total y HDL-C, los valores de LDL-C y VLDL-C. El diagnostico del síndrome metabólico se realizo bajo los criterios de NCEP/ATP III. Resultados La prevalencia de síndrome metabólico fue de 27 casos (32,1 por ciento), de los cuales 21 (77,7 por ciento) se encontró en edades entre 26 - 40 años. El consumo de alcohol (91,6 por ciento), LDL-C elevado (64,3 por ciento), presión arterial sistólica elevada (59,5 por ciento), obesidad (56,6 por ciento) e hipertrigliceridemia (55,9 por ciento), constituyeron los factores de riesgos cardiovascular más relevantes en esta población trabajadora. Los parámetros bioquímicos estuvieron significativamente más elevados en los hombres con diagnóstico clínico de síndrome metabólico en comparación con los que no presentaron el síndrome (p< 0,05). Conclusión A pesar que la prevalencia de síndrome metabólico no fue tan alta, los factores de riesgo cardiovascular de manera individual estuvieron elevados, considerando que la población trabajadora es joven, amerita la implementación de programas de prevención y cambios de estilos de vida para minimizar el riesgo de enfermedad coronaria y cerebro vascular que conducen a discapacidad laboral.

Objective To establish the prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and other factors of cardiovascular risk in a population of masculine workers of the operative area of the plant of vinyl poly chloride of a petrochemical complex, in the occident of Venezuela. Method An analytical cross sectional study was performed in 84 workers, they was determined size, weight, arterial pressure, abdominal circumference, body mass index, smoke, alcoholic habits and medicaments consumption. Additionally, 10 ml fasting venous blood sample was taken to determine glycemia, total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C and VLDL-C. The diagnosis of the metabolic syndrome was carried out under the approaches of NCEP/ATP III criteria's. Results The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was of 27 cases (32 ,1 percent), 21 cases (77,7 percent) in ages among 26-40 years. The alcohol consumption (91 ,6 percent), LDL-C (64,3 percent), high systolic arterial pressure (59,5 percent), obesity (56,6 percent) and high triglycerides (55,9 percent) were the principal's cardiovascular factors risk detected. The biochemical parameters were significantly higher in the men with clinical diagnosis of metabolic syndrome in comparison with those that didn't present the syndrome (p < 0.05). Conclusion To weigh that the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was not so high, the factors of cardiovascular risk in an individual way were high, considering that the hard-working population is young is necessary to implement programs of prevention and changes of lifestyles to minimize the risk of coronary illness and vascular brain that lead to labour´s disability.