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1.
Rev Bras Enferm ; 77(2): e20230246, 2024.
Article in English, Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38747810

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: to understand the Generalized Resistance Deficits of people deprived of liberty with hypertension in a Brazilian prison unit. METHOD: qualitative research, anchored in Salutogenesis, carried out with 38 people with hypertension from a Brazilian prison unit, from February to July 2022, with a semi-structured interview with open-ended questions, whose analysis was thematic, explaining the limitations to health in prison. RESULTS: 13 Generalized Resistance Deficits were reported, mostly related to the prison environment and, to a lesser extent, to the social group and the individual, respectively. Living in prison for people with hypertension implies living with a high number of Generalized Resistance Deficits, accentuating the movement towards the disease pole. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: knowing Generalized Resistance Deficits allows directing health promotion to support the use of available Generalized Resistance Resources and contributes to the expansion of intersectoral policies.


Subject(s)
Hypertension , Prisoners , Qualitative Research , Humans , Hypertension/complications , Hypertension/psychology , Male , Brazil , Adult , Middle Aged , Prisoners/psychology , Prisoners/statistics & numerical data , Female , Prisons/statistics & numerical data , Prisons/standards , Interviews as Topic/methods
2.
Ciênc. cuid. saúde ; 21: e58939, 2022.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF - Nursing | ID: biblio-1384517

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar as percepções dos enfermeiros do Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência (SAMU) em atendimentos realizados em penitenciárias perante as razões das demandas e o local da assistência. Método: trata-se de um estudo exploratório e descritivo de abordagem qualitativa. Realizaram-se entrevistas nos meses de agosto a dezembro de 2017, individuais e audiogravadas, seguindo roteiro semiestruturado com 91 enfermeiros que atuavam no SAMU de cidades do estado da Paraíba, Brasil. Aplicou-se o referencial metodológico da Análise de Conteúdo proposta por Bardin para categorização dos dados obtidos. Resultados: das análises das falas dos participantes emergiu a presença de dificuldades como demandas não pertinentes ao serviço, local inadequado para assistência, falta de privacidade durante os atendimentos e de escolta para transporte quando necessário. Considerações finais: os problemas relatados evidenciam a necessidade do estabelecimento de estratégias para melhorar as condições da assistência potencializando a capacidade de resolutividade do serviço e para problemas que não podem ser resolvidos em uma única visita de profissionais do SAMU no ambiente prisional, que seja garantido a continuidade da assistência em outros serviços articulados a ele e para isso são necessários fortes laços intersetoriais.


RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar las percepciones de los enfermeros del Servicio de Atención Móvil de Urgencia (SAMU) en atenciones realizadas en prisiones ante las razones de las demandas y el lugar de la asistencia. Método: se trata de un estudio exploratorio y descriptivo de enfoque cualitativo. Se realizaron entrevistas en los meses de agosto a diciembre de 2017, individuales y audiograbadas, siguiendo guion semiestructurado con 91 enfermeros que actuaban en el SAMU de ciudades del estado de Paraíba, Brasil. Se aplicó el referencial metodológico del Análisis de Contenido propuesto por Bardin para categorización de los datos obtenidos. Resultados: de los análisis de los relatos de los participantes surgió la presencia de dificultades como demandas no pertinentes al servicio, local inadecuado para asistencia, falta de privacidad durante las atenciones y de escolta para transporte cuando necesario. Consideraciones finales: los problemas relatados evidencian la necesidad de que se establezcan estrategias para mejorar las condiciones de la asistencia, perfeccionando la capacidad de resolución del servicio y para problemas que no pueden ser resueltos en una sola visita de profesionales del SAMU en el ambiente carcelario, que se garantice la continuidad de la asistencia en otros servicios articulados a él y para ello son necesarios fuertes lazos intersectoriales.


ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the perceptions of nurses from the Mobile Emergency Care Service (SAMU) in care provided in penitentiaries regarding the reasons for the calls and the place where care is provided. Method: this is an exploratory and descriptive study with a qualitative approach. Individual and audio-recorded interviews were carried out from August to December 2017 following a semi-structured script with 91 nurses who worked in the SAMU in cities in the state of Paraíba, Brazil. The methodological framework of Content Analysis proposed by Bardin was applied to categorize the data obtained. Results: the presence of difficulties emerged from the analysis of the speeches of the participants. They included calls for reasons not relevant to the service, inadequate place for assistance, lack of privacy during consultations, and lack of escort for transport when necessary. Final considerations: the reported problems highlight the need to establish strategies to improve the conditions of care provision so as to enhance the service's ability to solve problems that cannot be solved in a single visit by SAMU professionals in the prison environment, which guarantees the continuity of assistance in other services articulated to it, making strong intersectoral links necessary.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Prisons/organization & administration , Emergency Medical Services/methods , Emergency Medical Services/supply & distribution , Nurses/organization & administration , Nurses/supply & distribution , Prisons/standards , Prisoners , Health Strategies , Emergency Nursing/organization & administration , Emergency Relief , Education, Nursing/methods , Patient Care/instrumentation , Patient Care/methods
3.
Salud bienestar colect ; 5(1): 53-63, ene.-abr. 2021. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1352365

ABSTRACT

El presente artículo presenta un documento inédito de la historia republicana de Chile donde se muestra el estado de la Penitenciaría de Santiago, principal centro de reclusión nacional en el siglo XIX y que da a conocer la vida y labor de los reos como, asimismo, del quehacer del personal administrativo.


This article presents an unpublished document of the republican history of Chile showing the state of the Penitentiary of Santiago, the main center of national detention in the nineteenth century and that publicizes the life and work of the ins and outs, as well as the work of administrative staff.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , History, 19th Century , Prisons/history , Prisons/standards , Health/history , Prisons/statistics & numerical data , Prisoners , Chile , Disease/history
5.
Wound Manag Prev ; 65(10): 37-44, 2019 10.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31702988

ABSTRACT

Brazil has the third largest prison population in the world. Studies on the health status of prisoners have shown that skin diseases, especially infectious skin diseases, are prevalent in this population. Because some skin diseases can be prevented, strategies to inform and guide incarcerated persons may be helpful. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a manual of skin care for use by prisoners in the São Paulo State Prison System. METHODS: To develop the manual, a Google search to ensure originality of the concept was conducted, followed by an integrative literature search of the MEDLINE and the Latin American and Caribbean Health Science Literature, and the medical records of the prison system were reviewed for content. The Delphi technique was used to validate content; the content validity index (CVI) was determined based on the ratings of an expert panel of 10 prison employees who were health professionals and have experience providing care to prisoners. Twenty (20) target-users (prisoners) also evaluated the manual. The experts responded to questionnaires (sent by email) containing 19 items related to the manual's objective, structure and presentation, and relevance. Items were rated on a Likert-type scale where 1 = inadequate, 2 = partially inadequate, 3 = adequate, 4 = very adequate, and NA = not applicable, and participants also could provide suggestions and comments on the manual. The prisoners used a paper-and-pencil questionnaire to assess the manual that included 14 items with 3-choice answers (agree, undecided, disagree) on the utility and ability to understand the manual topics and space to write concerns and suggestions regarding the utility of the content; they also could offer their thoughts and opinions about the manual. The proportion of agreement among responses was calculated. RESULTS: The overall CVI of the first round of evaluations was 1.0. Suggested changes were to include guidelines on the proper use of medications and modify some wording. The overall CVI of the next round was 1.0 (100% agreement). The evaluation by target users showed an agreement of 98.6%. The final version of the manual has 8 topics, 12 subtopics, and 29 illustrations; topics include skin, hair, and nail care and skin diseases. A printed version is available in the prison library and an electronic copy was sent to all prisons in the State of São Paulo to be printed as needed. CONCLUSION: A manual providing guidelines on skin care for prison populations was developed and validated with the intent to improve prisoner quality of life and care. Research to examine overall manual usage and the effect of the information and guidance on healthy behaviors, prevention, and management of skin diseases is warranted.


Subject(s)
Prisoners , Skin Care/instrumentation , Adult , Brazil , Female , Health Status , Humans , Male , Prisons/standards , Prisons/statistics & numerical data , Program Development/methods , Skin Care/methods , Skin Care/standards , Surveys and Questionnaires
6.
Rev. bras. enferm ; Rev. bras. enferm;72(5): 1304-1310, Sep.-Oct. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, BDENF - Nursing | ID: biblio-1042135

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify tuberculosis-related health care and surveillance actions in Prison Health Units. Method: Cross-sectional study, of quantitative, exploratory and descriptive character. We visited 13 Teams of Prison Health, and nurses and technicians were interviewed regarding epidemiological surveillance instruments, physical structure and materials. Results: Search for respiratory symptoms in admission was reported by 6 (46.2%) of the teams, and the smear microscopy was the most requested test. The Logbook of Respiratory Symptoms and the Logbook for Monitoring Tuberculosis Cases were used in 7 (53.8%) institutions. Two of them (15.4%) had a location for sputum collection and 1 (7.7%) had a radiographer. The Directly Observed Therapy was reported in 7 (53.8%) units. Conclusion: Health care actions related to the search for respiratory symptoms and Directly Observed Therapy should be expanded, as well as surveillance actions and recording in official documents of the National Tuberculosis Control Program.


RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar acciones asistenciales y de control de la tuberculosis en Unidades de Salud en Prisiones. Método: Estudio transversal, de tipo cuantitativo, exploratorio y descriptivo. Se visitaron a 13 equipos de Salud en Prisiones, de los cuales participaron enfermeros y técnicos de enfermería de una entrevista sobre los instrumentos de control epidemiológico, la estructura física local y los materiales. Resultados: La búsqueda de sintomáticos respiratorios durante la admisión fue relatada por 6 (un 46,2%) equipos, siendo la baciloscopía el examen más solicitado. El Libro de Registro de Sintomáticos Respiratorios y el Libro de Registro de Seguimiento de los casos de Tuberculosis son utilizados en 7 (un 53,8%) instituciones. Dos (un 15,4%) de ellas contaban con un local para recolección de esputo y 1 (un 7,7%) tiene radiógrafo. El Tratamiento Directamente Observado se mencionó en 7 (un 53,8%) unidades. Conclusión: Las acciones asistenciales relacionadas con la búsqueda de sintomáticos respiratorios y el Tratamiento Directamente Observado deberían ser ampliadas, así como las acciones de control y registro en los documentos oficiales del Programa Nacional de Control de la Tuberculosis.


RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar ações assistenciais e de vigilância relacionadas à tuberculose em Unidades de Saúde Prisional. Método: Estudo transversal, de caráter quantitativo, exploratório e descritivo. Foram visitadas 13 Equipes de Saúde Prisional e entrevistados enfermeiros e técnicos de enfermagem com relação à instrumentos de vigilância epidemiológica, estrutura física e materiais. Resultados: A busca de sintomáticos respiratórios na admissão foi relatada por 6(46,2%) equipes, sendo a baciloscopia o exame mais solicitado. O Livro de Registro de Sintomáticos Respiratórios e o Livro de Registro de Acompanhamento dos Caso de Tuberculose eram utilizados em 7(53,8%) instituições. Duas (15,4%) apresentavam local para coleta de escarro e 1(7,7%) possuía radiógrafo. O Tratamento Diretamente Observado foi referido em 7(53,8%) unidades. Conclusão: As ações assistenciais relacionadas à busca de sintomáticos respiratório e Tratamento Diretamente Observado deveriam ser ampliadas, bem como as ações de vigilância e registro nos documentos oficiais do Programa Nacional de Controle da Tuberculose.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Prisons/standards , Prisoners/statistics & numerical data , Tuberculosis/therapy , Prisons/organization & administration , Prisons/statistics & numerical data , Tuberculosis/epidemiology , Population Surveillance/methods , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Directly Observed Therapy , Delivery of Health Care/standards , Delivery of Health Care/statistics & numerical data
7.
Rev Bras Enferm ; 72(5): 1304-1310, 2019 Sep 16.
Article in English, Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31531655

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To identify tuberculosis-related health care and surveillance actions in Prison Health Units. METHOD: Cross-sectional study, of quantitative, exploratory and descriptive character. We visited 13 Teams of Prison Health, and nurses and technicians were interviewed regarding epidemiological surveillance instruments, physical structure and materials. RESULTS: Search for respiratory symptoms in admission was reported by 6 (46.2%) of the teams, and the smear microscopy was the most requested test. The Logbook of Respiratory Symptoms and the Logbook for Monitoring Tuberculosis Cases were used in 7 (53.8%) institutions. Two of them (15.4%) had a location for sputum collection and 1 (7.7%) had a radiographer. The Directly Observed Therapy was reported in 7 (53.8%) units. CONCLUSION: Health care actions related to the search for respiratory symptoms and Directly Observed Therapy should be expanded, as well as surveillance actions and recording in official documents of the National Tuberculosis Control Program.


Subject(s)
Prisoners/statistics & numerical data , Prisons/standards , Tuberculosis/therapy , Adult , Cross-Sectional Studies , Delivery of Health Care/standards , Delivery of Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Directly Observed Therapy , Humans , Male , Population Surveillance/methods , Prevalence , Prisons/organization & administration , Prisons/statistics & numerical data , Tuberculosis/epidemiology
8.
Rev Bras Enferm ; 71(suppl 3): 1373-1380, 2018.
Article in English, Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29972537

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To understand the meaning of being institutionalized and in conflict with the law for the institutionalized adolescent. METHOD: A qualitative, phenomenological-comprehensive study carried out in a Socio-educational Service Foundation in the northern region of Brazil, with 05 institutionalized adolescents. The analysis was carried out under the understanding of the content suggested by Heidgger, thus allowing the construction of analytical categories for a hermeneutical interpretation. RESULTS: Conflicting with the law means something negative and bad for the institutionalized adolescents, in which they understand that although there is deprivation of liberty, the period of hospitalization is an important moment for the reflection on the need to start over. CONCLUSION: The meaning of conflicting with the law goes far beyond a simple word, act or behaviour, it is something that only those who experience the phenomenon are able to unveil, arouse deep feelings and provide reflection to the adolescent about the damages caused by the infraction.


Subject(s)
Adolescent Behavior/psychology , Institutionalization/standards , Prisons/standards , Adolescent , Brazil , Female , Humans , Male , Qualitative Research
9.
Rev Bras Enferm ; 71(suppl 1): 538-545, 2018.
Article in English, Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29562009

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of depression and to identify the main risk factors associated with depression in wives of convicted men. METHOD: Descriptive, cross - sectional, quantitative approach. The data were collected with 349 female partners of convicted patients in three penitentiaries in the state of Paraná, with a semistructured research, between January and June of 2016, being compiled in a database and analyzed using SPSS® 20.0 software. RESULTS: It was possible to identify vulnerability to depression among wives of convicted men, most were young and 42.2% have or already had depression. It was verified that the variables to depression were ages equal to or above 30 years (50.3%, p <0.001), smoking (61.1%, p <0.013) and alcoholism (16.1%, p <0.001). CONCLUSION: It is the responsibility of the nurse with the multidisciplinary health team to invest in health promotion and prevention actions against these risk factors that were associated with depression in this population.


Subject(s)
Depression/epidemiology , Prevalence , Prisons/standards , Spouses/psychology , Adult , Brazil/epidemiology , Chi-Square Distribution , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Logistic Models , Middle Aged , Prisoners/psychology , Psychometrics/instrumentation , Psychometrics/methods , Risk Factors , Sexual Behavior/psychology , Stress, Psychological/complications , Stress, Psychological/etiology , Stress, Psychological/psychology , Surveys and Questionnaires
10.
Rev. bras. enferm ; Rev. bras. enferm;71(supl.3): 1373-1380, 2018.
Article in English | LILACS, BDENF - Nursing | ID: biblio-958765

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To understand the meaning of being institutionalized and in conflict with the law for the institutionalized adolescent. Method: A qualitative, phenomenological-comprehensive study carried out in a Socio-educational Service Foundation in the northern region of Brazil, with 05 institutionalized adolescents. The analysis was carried out under the understanding of the content suggested by Heidgger, thus allowing the construction of analytical categories for a hermeneutical interpretation. Results: Conflicting with the law means something negative and bad for the institutionalized adolescents, in which they understand that although there is deprivation of liberty, the period of hospitalization is an important moment for the reflection on the need to start over. Conclusion: The meaning of conflicting with the law goes far beyond a simple word, act or behaviour, it is something that only those who experience the phenomenon are able to unveil, arouse deep feelings and provide reflection to the adolescent about the damages caused by the infraction.


RESUMEN Objetivo: Comprender el significado de estar institucionalizado y en conflicto con la ley para el adolescente institucionalizado. Método: Estudio cualitativo, fenomenológico-comprensivo, realizado en una Fundación de Atención Socioeducativa de la región norte de Brasil, con 05 adolescentes institucionalizados. El análisis se produjo a partir de la comprensión del contenido sugerido por Heidgger, permitiendo así la construcción de categorías analíticas para una interpretación hermenéutica. Resultados: El estar en conflicto con la ley para el adolescente institucionalizado significa algo negativo y malo, donde el adolescente comprende que aunque exista la privación de libertad, el período de internación es un momento importante para la reflexión sobre la necesidad de recomenzar. Conclusión: El significado de estar en conflicto con la ley va mucho más allá de una simple palabra, acto o comportamiento, siendo algo que solamente quien vive el fenómeno es capaz de desvelar, despertar sentimientos profundos y proporcionar reflexión al adolescente sobre los perjuicios acarreados por el acto infractor.


RESUMO Objetivo: Compreender o significado de estar institucionalizado e em conflito com a lei para o adolescente institucionalizado. Método: Estudo qualitativo, fenomenológico-compreensivo, realizado em uma Fundação de Atendimento Socioeducativa da região norte do Brasil, com 05 adolescentes institucionalizados. A análise ocorreu a partir da compreensão de conteúdo sugerida por Heidgger, permitindo, assim, a construção de categorias analíticas para uma interpretação hermenêutica. Resultados: Estar em conflito com a lei para o adolescente institucionalizado significa algo negativo e ruim, onde o adolescente compreende que embora exista a privação de liberdade, o período de internação é um momento importante para a reflexão sobre a necessidade de recomeçar. Conclusão: O significado de estar em conflito com a lei vai muito além de uma simples palavra, ato ou comportamento, sendo algo que somente quem vivencia o fenômeno é capaz de desvelar, despertar sentimentos profundos e proporcionar reflexão ao adolescente sobre os prejuízos acarretados pelo ato infracional.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Prisons/standards , Adolescent Behavior/psychology , Institutionalization/standards , Brazil , Qualitative Research
11.
Rev. bras. enferm ; Rev. bras. enferm;71(supl.1): 538-545, 2018. tab
Article in English | LILACS, BDENF - Nursing | ID: biblio-898503

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To estimate the prevalence of depression and to identify the main risk factors associated with depression in wives of convicted men. Method: Descriptive, cross - sectional, quantitative approach. The data were collected with 349 female partners of convicted patients in three penitentiaries in the state of Paraná, with a semistructured research, between January and June of 2016, being compiled in a database and analyzed using SPSS® 20.0 software. Results: It was possible to identify vulnerability to depression among wives of convicted men, most were young and 42.2% have or already had depression. It was verified that the variables to depression were ages equal to or above 30 years (50.3%, p <0.001), smoking (61.1%, p <0.013) and alcoholism (16.1%, p <0.001). Conclusion: It is the responsibility of the nurse with the multidisciplinary health team to invest in health promotion and prevention actions against these risk factors that were associated with depression in this population.


RESUMEN Objetivo: estimar la prevalencia de depresión e identificar los principales factores de riesgo asociados a la depresión en las mujeres de detenidos. Método: estudio descriptivo, transversal de abordaje cuantitativo. Los datos fueron recolectados con 349 mujeres compañeras de detenidos en tres prisiones del estado de Paraná, con cuestionario semiestructurado, entre los meses enero a junio de 2016, siendo compilada en base de datos y analizada utilizando el software SPSS® 20.0. Resultados: se identificó la vulnerabilidad para depresión entre mujeres de detenidos, la mayoría era joven y 42,2% tiene o ya ha tenido depresión. Se ha comprobado que las variables a la depresión fueran de edad igual o superior a 30 años (50,3%; p < 0,001), tabaquismo (61,1%; p < 0,013) y alcoholismo (16,1%; p < 0,001). Conclusión: corresponde al enfermero junto al equipo de salud multidisciplinario invertir en las acciones de promoción, prevención a la salud frente a estos factores de riesgo que se asociaron a la depresión en esta población.


RESUMO Objetivo: estimar a prevalência de depressão e identificar os principais fatores de risco associado à depressão em mulheres de apenados. Método: estudo descritivo, transversal de abordagem quantitativa. Os dados foram coletados com 349 mulheres parceiras de apenados em três penitenciárias do estado do Paraná, com questionário semiestruturado, entre os meses de janeiro a junho de 2016, sendo compilada em banco de dados e analisada utilizando software SPSS® 20.0. Resultados: foi possível identificar vulnerabilidade para depressão entre mulheres de apenados, a maioria era jovem e 42,2% têm ou já tiveram depressão. Verificou-se que as variáveis à depressão foram idade igual ou acima de 30 anos (50,3%; p < 0,001), tabagismo (61,1%; p < 0,013) e alcoolismo (16,1%; p < 0,001). Conclusão: cabe ao enfermeiro junto a equipe de saúde multidisciplinar investir nas ações de promoção, prevenção à saúde frente a estes fatores de risco que foram associados à depressão nesta população.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Prisons/standards , Prevalence , Spouses/psychology , Depression/epidemiology , Prisoners/psychology , Psychometrics/instrumentation , Psychometrics/methods , Sexual Behavior/psychology , Stress, Psychological/complications , Stress, Psychological/etiology , Stress, Psychological/psychology , Brazil/epidemiology , Chi-Square Distribution , Logistic Models , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Risk Factors , Middle Aged
12.
Am J Trop Med Hyg ; 93(4): 739-46, 2015 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26195459

ABSTRACT

Prisoners have among the highest incidence of tuberculosis (TB) globally. However, the contribution of the prison environment on transmission is not well understood and structural characteristics have received little attention as effective epidemiological interventions in TB control. We evaluated architectural characteristics and estimated ventilation rates in 141 cells in three prisons in central west Brazil using steady-state exhaled carbon dioxide (CO2) levels. We used a modified Wells-Riley equation to estimate the probability of infection for inmates sharing a cell with an infectious case and projected the impact of interventions, including early diagnosis and improved ventilation. Overall, prison cells were densely populated (mean 2.1 m(2) per occupant) and poorly ventilated, with only three cells meeting World Health Organization (WHO) standards for per-person ventilation (60 L/s) applied in infection control settings. In the absence of interventions, projected mean risk of infection was 78.0% during a 6-month period. Decreasing time-to-diagnosis by 25% reduced transmission risk by 8.3%. Improving ventilation to WHO standards decreased transmission by 38.2%, whereas optimizing cross-ventilation reduced transmission by 64.4%. Prison environments promote high infection risk over short-time intervals. In this context, enhanced diagnostics have a limited impact on reducing transmission. Improving natural ventilation may be required to effectively control TB in prisons.


Subject(s)
Prisons/statistics & numerical data , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/transmission , Ventilation/statistics & numerical data , Brazil/epidemiology , Early Diagnosis , Facility Design and Construction , Humans , Models, Theoretical , Prisons/standards , Risk Factors , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/diagnosis , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/epidemiology , Ventilation/standards
13.
Rev. crim ; 55(2): 9-28, ago. 2013.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-708165

ABSTRACT

Aquí se pretende aproximar a la sociedad a la prisión para que comparta procesos educativos desde espacios de normalidad y, desde ahí, desarrollar principios para una acción “reeducadora”, de acuerdo con la legislación actual del Estado español. El objetivo será dar forma a las principales líneas teóricas de la Unidad Terapéutica y Educativa –UTE-, sobre las cuales reconocer y valorar sus acciones terapéuticas y educativas, fundamentadas sobre la noción de conducta –hechos, acciones observables–, basándola en su continuidad y consistencia para poder presentar y explicar la propuesta de cambio establecida en los procesos para su comprensión: corresponsabilidad y cogestión, a la vez que su mecanismo para la adaptación: confrontamiento. El análisis de las características organizacionales dará paso a presentar los principales instrumentos de intervención de la UTE: la escuela y el grupo, identificando los distintos tipos de cambio posibles en la intervención desarrollada y derivada del tipo de paso por diferentes contextos penitenciarios. Finalmente, se reflexiona sobre las necesidades que se deben desarrollar para dar paso al modelo alternativo de prisión en el sistema jurídico del Estado español.


The purpose here is get society closer to prison in order for it to share educational processes from normality spaces and, from there, develop principles for a “reeducative” action according to the present legislation of the Spanish state. The objective consists of giving shape to the main theoretical lines of the “UTE” on which its therapeutical and educational actions can be recognized and valued as grounded on the notion of conduct –observable facts, actions– on the base of their continuity and consistency, in order to be able to submit and explain the change proposal established in the processes used for their comprehension: co-responsibility and co-management, as well as their mechanism for adaptation. The analysis of the organizational features will pave the way for the presentation of the main UTE’s intervention instruments: the school and the group, by identifying the different types of changes feasible in an intervention developed and deriving from the kind of stages seen through the different penitentiary contexts. Finally, a reflection is made with respect to the needs that should be developed in order to give way to an alternative prison model in the Spanish state’s legal system.


Aqui pretende-se aproximar a sociedade à prisão de modo que compartilhe processos educativos dos espaços de normalidade e, de lá, desenvolver princípios para uma ação de “reeducadora”, segundo a legislação atual do Estado espanhol. O objetivo será materializar as linhas teóricas principais do UTE, sobre as quais seja possível reconhecer e avaliar suas ações terapêuticas e educativas, baseadas na noção de conduta –fatos, ações observáveis–, baseando-a nas sua continuidade e consistência para poder apresentar e explicar a proposta da mudança estabelecida nos processos para sua compreensão: co-responsabilidade e co-gerenciamento, assim como seu mecanismo para a adaptação: confrontação. A análise das características dos organizativas abrirá o espaço para apresentar os instrumentos principais de intervenção da UTE: a escola e o grupo, identificando os diferentes tipos de mudança possíveis na intervenção desenvolvida e derivada do tipo de passo pelos diferentes contextos do penitenciários. Finalmente, reflete-se sobre as necessidades que devem-se desenvolver para abrir os espaços para o modelo alternativo da prisão no sistema legal do Estado espanhol.


Subject(s)
Prisons/education , Prisons/statistics & numerical data , Prisons/methods , Prisons/standards
14.
Rev. crim ; 55(2): 29-47, ago. 2013.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-708173

ABSTRACT

La mayoría de las mujeres encarceladas en España cumplen sus condenas en cárceles mixtas, diseñadas por y para hombres. Además de sufrir un régimen de vida y seguridad que excede su peligrosidad y penaliza sus posibilidades de reingreso, la cultura del patriarcado reproduce en la cárcel su carácter discriminatorio con ellas, y llega incluso a castigarlas con más dureza que a sus compañeros. Aunque esta discriminación ya había sido enunciada anteriormente (Carlen & Worrall, 2004; Almeda, 2003), este artículo expone un método creado ad hoc, que permite medirla de manera empírica y objetiva. Los indicadores y el índice de punición aquí descritos han sido desarrollados en el marco del proyecto de investigación “SINDISCRIP” (Sistema de Indicadores de Discriminación en Instituciones Penitenciarias) , cuyo propósito principal era la creación de un sistema de información que permitiese observar la posible existencia de discriminación entre hombres y mujeres en y entre los distintos centros penitenciarios españoles. En este sistema también se abordaban otros indicadores, que examinaban las áreas de salud, trabajo, educación o condiciones de vida.


Most women imprisoned in Spain are serving their sentences in mixed jails designed by men and for men. Apart from suffering exceedingly hard regime, security and safety conditions above their own dangerousness and tending to penalize their potential re-entry, the “patriarchy culture” reproduces in prison its discriminatory nature against them and at times may even punish them more severely than their male counterparts. Although this discrimination had already been revealed (Carlen & Worrall, 2004; Almeda, 2003), this article presents a method created ad hoc that can be measured in an empirical and objective manner. Both punishment indicators and the index described have been developed within the framework of the “SINDISCRIP” (“Sistema de Indicadores de Discriminación en Instituciones Penitenciarias) research project, the main purpose of which was the creation of an information system whereby it could be possible to verify the potential existence of discrimination between men and women and the different Spanish correctional centers. Likewise, this system other indicators used to examine the areas of health, work, education or life conditions had been approached.


A maioria das mulheres presas na Espanha cumpre suas penas nas cadeias misturadas, projetadas por e para homens. Além de sofrer um regime da vida e da segurança que supera sua perigosidade e penaliza suas possibilidades de reingresso, a cultura do patriarcado reproduz na cadeia seu caráter discriminatório com elas, e chega a puni-las com mais dureza do que a seus companheiros. Embora esta discriminação já foi enunciada previamente (Carlen & Worrall, 2004; Almeda, 2003), este artigo expõe um método criado ad-hoc, que permite medi-la de maneira empírica e objetiva. Os indicadores e o índice da punição descritos aqui foram desenvolvidos dentro da estrutura do projeto da investigação “SINDISCRIP” (Sistema dos indicadores da discriminação em instituições penitenciárias), cujo propósito principal era a criação de um sistema de informação que permitisse observar a possível existência da discriminação entre homens e mulheres e entre os diferentes centros penitenciários espanhóis. Neste sistema também abordam-se outros indicadores que examinaram as áreas de saúde, de trabalho, de educação ou de condições de vida.


Subject(s)
Prisons/classification , Prisons/statistics & numerical data , Prisons/methods , Prisons/standards
15.
Rev. crim ; 55(1): 99-112, ene.-abr. 2013.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-704462

ABSTRACT

El trabajo comienza citando una serie de reflexiones sobre la prisión y luego presenta el análisis de la historia de la prisión en el periodo republicano en Colombia y cuáles fueron sus principales características, problemáticas y transformaciones durante el siglo XIX. Este análisis pasa por el estudio del sistema penitenciario y carcelario en el periodo federal republicano, y pone énfasis en los casos particulares de los Estados de Antioquia, Santander y Bolívar, al resaltar las diferentes dificultades administrativas y financieras que se presentaron en su aplicación como máximo dispositivo de control social. Finalmente, se analiza el perfil que adoptó el sistema penitenciario y carcelario en el periodo de la Regeneración al final del siglo XIX.


This work begins with a series of reflections followed by an analysis of the history of prisons in Colombia during the Republican period with a description of their main features, problems and transformations in the course of the 19th century. This analysis covers a study of the penitentiary and prison system in the federal republican period and emphasizes the particular cases of the States of Antioquia, Santander and Bolivar by highlighting the different administrative and financial difficulties faced in their application as a maximum social control device. Finally, the profile adopted by the system in the Regeneration period at the end of the 19th century is examined.


O trabalho começa citando uma série de reflexões sobre a prisão e, em seguida, apresenta a análise da história da prisão no período republicano na Colômbia e quais foram suas principais características, problemas e transformações durante o século XIX. Essa análise percorre o estudo do sistema penitenciário e de prisões no período republicano federal e coloca ênfase sobre os casos nos Estados de Antioquia, Santander e Bolívar, para destacar as dificuldades administrativas e financeiras diferentes surgidas na sua aplicação como máximo dispositivo de controle social. Finalmente, se analisa o perfil adotado pelo sistema penitenciário e carcerário, no período da Regeneração no final do século XIX.


Subject(s)
History, 19th Century , Criminal Law/history , Prisons/history , Prisons/legislation & jurisprudence , Prisons/standards , Prisons/organization & administration
16.
Rev. crim ; 54(2): 119-132, jul.-dic. 2012. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-699375

ABSTRACT

En este artículo se analiza la problemática presentada por el jurado de conciencia en el contexto de la administración de justicia criminal en el Estado Soberano de Bolívar (1860-1880), la cual se visualizaba a través de los informes de los procuradores generales que eran presentados ante la Asamblea Legislativa y ante el Ciudadano Presidente del Estado. También se analiza el origen del jurado de conciencia en Colombia y la administración de justicia enmateria penal en el Estado de Bolívar, y se resalta, dentro de este contexto, el papel que desempeñó la justicia por jurados dentro de la política criminal del Estado Soberano de Bolívar en el período radical


This article analyzes the problem posed by the jury of peers (“jurado de conciencia”) in the context of the administration of criminal justice in the Sovereign State of Bolivar (1860-1880) as envisioned through the reports of the general proctors, who were introduced before the Legislative Assembly and the Citizen President of the State; likewise, it examines its origin in Colombia while highlighting the role of jury justice in criminal matters and, within this context, its performance within the framework of the Sovereign State of Bolivar’s criminal policy during the radical period


Este artigo discute os problemas apresentados pelo júri da consciência no contexto da administração da justiça penal no Estado Soberano de Bolívar (1860-1880), que foi exibida através dos relatórios dos procuradores-gerais que foram apresentados à Assembléia Legislativa e perante o Cidadão Presidente do Estado. Também aborda a origem do júri da consciência na Colômbia e a administração da justiça penal em matéria penal no Estado de Bolivar e destaca-se, neste contexto, o papel desempenhado pela justiça pelos jurados no âmbito da política criminal do Estado Soberano de Bolívar no período radical


Subject(s)
Criminal Law/history , Criminal Law/standards , Prisons/history , Prisons/legislation & jurisprudence , Prisons/standards
17.
Rev. crim ; 54(2): 149-165, jul.-dic. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-699377

ABSTRACT

Los dientes proveen información valiosa que ayuda a identificar a una persona con los métodos propios de la odontología legal y forense. A nivel penitenciario, el expediente del interno, al ser un documento de identidad del infractor, deberá integrar toda la información posible que permita a las autoridades judiciales cerciorarse de que se trata de la misma persona registrada, ya sea en calidad de procesado o sentenciado, con todas sus características físicas posibles en las denominadas fichas antropométricas, con el propósito de evitar suplantaciones o errores en la imposición de las penas a delincuentes. Sin embargo, en México, al efectuar una revisión de las leyes actuales, iniciativas o reformas en la materia (tanto estatales como federales), sobre el registro de internos y la conformación de sus expedientes, no hay una homologación sobre los datos que debe contener la ficha antropométrica; mucho menos, en ningún apartado o sección, se considera la ficha estomatológica como medio de identificación. En el presente artículo se exponen las razones por las cuales debe incluirse en los centros penitenciarios de México la ficha de identifi cación estomatológica, puesto que también tal registro odontológico es una opción de control para procesados y sentenciados, y no solo un potencial documento para cotejar en el caso de infractores reincidentes o fallecidos


Teeth provide very valuable information serving to identify individuals with the use of methods pertaining to legal and forensic odontology. At the prison system level, an inmate’s dossier, because it is the offender’s identity document, must gather and integrate any and all available information enabling legal authorities to make certain that they are dealing with the same individual they have registered either as prosecuted or sentenced, with all of the physical features likely to be found on the so-called anthropometric index cards for the purpose of preventing identity thefts or impersonation or errors in the imposition of punishments to offenders. However, in Mexico, at the time of reviewing laws, initiatives or (both state and federal) amendments in this area with respect to the registration of inmates and the constitution of their dossiers, no homologation exists of those data that the anthropometric card should contain, and in no paragraph or section whatsoever the dental card is taken into account as an identifi cation means. In this article, the reasons why this card should be included in Mexican penitentiary facilities are exposed, since this kind of record is, in addition, a control option for both prosecuted and sentenced inmates and not only a potential matching record to be used in the case of recidivist or deceased infringers


Os dentes fornecem informações valiosas que ajudam a identifi car uma pessoa com métodos próprios da odontologia legal e forense. No nível de prisão, o registro do preso, sendo um documento de identidade do infrator, deve integrar todas as informações possíveis que permitam às autoridades judiciais certifi car que é a mesma pessoa registrada, seja na qualidade de processamento ou do condenado, com todas as suas características físicas possíveis nas chamadas guias antropométricas, a fi m de evitar a falsifi cação ou erros na condenação dos criminosos. No entanto, no México, para empreender uma revisão das leis, iniciativas e reformas neste campo (estatais e federais), sobre o registro dos presos e a conformação dos seus registros, não existe nenhuma homologação sobre os dados que a guia antropométrica deve conter; muito menos, em nenhum ponto ou seção, a guia de dental é considerada como meio de identifi cação. Este artigo discute as razões por que a guia de identifi cação dental deve ser incluída em prisões no México, já que tal registro dental é uma opção de controle para jul gados e condenados, e não apenas um documento potencial para comparar no caso de infratores reincidentes ou falecidos


Subject(s)
Forensic Dentistry/education , Forensic Dentistry/history , Forensic Dentistry/legislation & jurisprudence , Prisons/standards
18.
Rev. psicol. polít ; 8(15): 121-138, jun. 2008. tab
Article in Portuguese | Index Psychology - journals | ID: psi-56298

ABSTRACT

Este trabalho constitui parte da tese de doutorado da autora. Seu objetivo foi conhecer as trajetórias de vida de internos do sistema carcerário capixaba e os sentidos atribuídos à prisão. Foi utilizada como ferramenta intelectual a abordagem teóricometodológica das Práticas Discursivas. Foram realizadas entrevistas orientadas por blocos temáticos de investigação (histórias prisionais e perspectivas futuras) com dez internos do Instituto de Readaptação Social, a penitenciária de Vila Velha (ES). Pontos recorrentes nas entrevistas foram registrados: escolaridade baixa, passagens pela polícia anterior à maioridade, falta de profissionalização, histórias de torturas e maus-tratos em presídios por onde passaram antes da chegada ao IRS. As perspectivas de vida futura apresentam-se de forma inconsistente ou ambígua, já que a conexão entre pretensões pessoais e condições para efetivá-las não é percebida como realmente viável pelo detento. Os sentidos construídos para o encarceramento podem ser representados como sofrimento, arrependimento, pagamento de dívida e sentimento de desrespeito.(AU)


This work is extracted from the author´s doctorate dissertation. The objective was to recognize the life paths of inmates in Espírito Santo (Brazil) Carcerary System and the meanings attributed to the prison. The Discursive Practices theoretical and methodological approach was used as intellectual tool. Interviews were oriented by investigation in thematic blocks (prison histories and future perspectives) were realized with ten interns of Instituto de Readaptação Social (IRS, Social Readaptation Institute, a penitentiary of Vila Velha, Espírito Santo state). The interviews detected some recurring aspects: low school attendance, police records prior to majority, lack of professionalisation, histories of torture and mistreatment in prisons where they were kept prior to IRS. The perspectives for future life are presented in an inconsistent and ambiguous form, since the connection between the personal aspirations and the conditions to make them happen is not perceived by the inmate as really viable. The meanings constructed for the incarceration can be represented by suffering, regret, payment of a debt, and the feeling of disrespect.(AU)


Este trabajo constituye parte de la tesis de doctorado de la autora. Su objetivo fue conocer las trayectorias de vida de internos del sistema carcelário capixaba y los sentidos atribuídos a la prisión. Fue utilizada como herramienta intelectual la abordage teórico-metodológica de las Prácticas Discursivas. Fueram realizadas entrevistas orientadas por bloques temáticos de investigación (histórias prisionales y perspectivas futuras) con diez internos del Instituto de Readaptacón Social, la penitenciária de Vila Velha (ES). Puntos recorrentes em las entrevistas pudieran ser registrados: escolaridad baja, pasajes por la policia anterior a la mayoria de edad, falta de profisionalización, histórias de torturas y maltratos en prisiones por donde pasaran antes de la llegada al IRS. Las perspectivas de vida futura se presentan de forma incoherente o ambígua, ya que la conexión entre aspiraciones personales y condiciones para efetuarlas no es percebida como realmente viable por el preso. Los sentidos construidos para el encarcelamiento pueden ser representados por el sufrimiento, por el arrepentimiento, por el pagamento de una deuda y por el sentimiento de falta de respeto.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Criminal Psychology , Criminal Liability , Life Expectancy , Life Change Events , Prisons/standards
19.
Rev. psicol. polit ; 8(15): 121-138, jun. 2008. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-676538

ABSTRACT

Este trabalho constitui parte da tese de doutorado da autora. Seu objetivo foi conhecer as trajetórias de vida de internos do sistema carcerário capixaba e os sentidos atribuídos à prisão. Foi utilizada como ferramenta intelectual a abordagem teóricometodológica das Práticas Discursivas. Foram realizadas entrevistas orientadas por blocos temáticos de investigação (histórias prisionais e perspectivas futuras) com dez internos do Instituto de Readaptação Social, a penitenciária de Vila Velha (ES). Pontos recorrentes nas entrevistas foram registrados: escolaridade baixa, passagens pela polícia anterior à maioridade, falta de profissionalização, histórias de torturas e maus-tratos em presídios por onde passaram antes da chegada ao IRS. As perspectivas de vida futura apresentam-se de forma inconsistente ou ambígua, já que a conexão entre pretensões pessoais e condições para efetivá-las não é percebida como realmente viável pelo detento. Os sentidos construídos para o encarceramento podem ser representados como sofrimento, arrependimento, pagamento de dívida e sentimento de desrespeito.


This work is extracted from the author´s doctorate dissertation. The objective was to recognize the life paths of inmates in Espírito Santo (Brazil) Carcerary System and the meanings attributed to the prison. The Discursive Practices theoretical and methodological approach was used as intellectual tool. Interviews were oriented by investigation in thematic blocks (prison histories and future perspectives) were realized with ten interns of Instituto de Readaptação Social (IRS, Social Readaptation Institute, a penitentiary of Vila Velha, Espírito Santo state). The interviews detected some recurring aspects: low school attendance, police records prior to majority, lack of professionalisation, histories of torture and mistreatment in prisons where they were kept prior to IRS. The perspectives for future life are presented in an inconsistent and ambiguous form, since the connection between the personal aspirations and the conditions to make them happen is not perceived by the inmate as really viable. The meanings constructed for the incarceration can be represented by suffering, regret, payment of a debt, and the feeling of disrespect.


Este trabajo constituye parte de la tesis de doctorado de la autora. Su objetivo fue conocer las trayectorias de vida de internos del sistema carcelário capixaba y los sentidos atribuídos a la prisión. Fue utilizada como herramienta intelectual la abordage teórico-metodológica de las Prácticas Discursivas. Fueram realizadas entrevistas orientadas por bloques temáticos de investigación (histórias prisionales y perspectivas futuras) con diez internos del Instituto de Readaptacón Social, la penitenciária de Vila Velha (ES). Puntos recorrentes em las entrevistas pudieran ser registrados: escolaridad baja, pasajes por la policia anterior a la mayoria de edad, falta de profisionalización, histórias de torturas y maltratos en prisiones por donde pasaran antes de la llegada al IRS. Las perspectivas de vida futura se presentan de forma incoherente o ambígua, ya que la conexión entre aspiraciones personales y condiciones para efetuarlas no es percebida como realmente viable por el preso. Los sentidos construidos para el encarcelamiento pueden ser representados por el sufrimiento, por el arrepentimiento, por el pagamento de una deuda y por el sentimiento de falta de respeto.


Subject(s)
Humans , Life Change Events , Life Expectancy , Prisons/standards , Criminal Psychology , Criminal Liability
20.
PLoS One ; 3(5): e2100, 2008 May 07.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18461123

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) in prisons is a major health problem in countries of high and intermediate TB endemicity such as Brazil. For operational reasons, TB control strategies in prisons cannot be compared through population based intervention studies. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: A mathematical model is proposed to simulate the TB dynamics in prison and evaluate the potential impact on active TB prevalence of several intervention strategies. The TB dynamics with the ongoing program was simulated over a 10 year period in a Rio de Janeiro prison (TB prevalence 4.6 %). Then, a simulation of the DOTS strategy reaching the objective of 70 % of bacteriologically-positive cases detected and 85 % of detected cases cured was performed; this strategy reduced only to 2.8% the average predicted TB prevalence after 5 years. Adding TB detection at entry point to DOTS strategy had no major effect on the predicted active TB prevalence. But, adding further a yearly X-ray mass screening of inmates reduced the predicted active TB prevalence below 1%. Furthermore, according to this model, after applying this strategy during 2 years (three annual screenings), the TB burden would be reduced and the active TB prevalence could be kept at a low level by associating X-ray screening at entry point and DOTS. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: We have shown that X-ray mass screenings should be considered to control TB in highly endemic prison. Prisons with different levels of TB prevalence could be examined thanks to this model which provides a rational tool for public health deciders.


Subject(s)
Crowding/physiopathology , Prisoners/statistics & numerical data , Prisons/statistics & numerical data , Tuberculosis/prevention & control , Brazil/epidemiology , Humans , Mass Screening , Models, Statistical , Prisons/standards , Radiography, Thoracic , Tuberculosis/diagnostic imaging , Tuberculosis/epidemiology , Tuberculosis/transmission
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