Enfrentamiento anestésico de paciente con picnodisostosis: a propósito de un caso / Anesthetic coping of a patient with pycnodysostosis: about a case

Pycnodysostosis is a rare autosomal recessive disease with osteoarticular manifestations of great relevance in anesthetic practice. People with this disease are more prone to fractures and craniofacial anomalies that anticipate a difficult-to-manage airway. We present the case of a 19-year-old woman with pycnodysostosis who underwent a reductive mammoplasty under general anesthesia. (AU)

Sleep-disordered breathing in children with pycnodysostosis.

Upper airway obstruction is a common feature in pycnodysostosis and may cause obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The aim of our study was to analyze sleep-disordered breathing and respiratory management in children with pycnodysostosis. A retrospective review of the clinical charts and sleep studies of 10 consecutive children (three girls and seven boys) with pycnodysostosis seen over a time period of 10 years was performed. Six patients had severe OSA and/or nocturnal hypoventilation and were started on continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) as a first treatment at a median age of 3.4 ± 2.6 years, because of the lack of indication of any surgical treatment. Three patients could be weaned after several years from CPAP after spontaneous improvement (two patients) or multiple upper airway surgeries (one patient). Three patients had upper airway surgery prior to their first sleep study with two patients still needing CPAP during their follow-up. Only one patient never developed OSA. Patients with pycnodysostosis are at a high risk of severe OSA, underlying the importance of a systematic screening for sleep-disordered breathing. Multidisciplinary care is mandatory because of the multilevel airway obstruction. CPAP is very effective and well accepted for treating OSA.

Multisuture Craniosynostosis and Papilledema in Pycnodysostosis: A Paradox?

Pycnodysostosis (PYCD) is a rare autosomal-recessive skeletal disorder that typically presents with osteosclerosis of the majority of the postcranial skeleton and osteolysis of the calvarium, manifesting as persistent open cranial fontanelles and widely spaced cranial sutures. Craniosynsostosis in PYCD is a somewhat paradoxical feature, and has only been rarely reported. The authors present a unique case of a 6-year-old girl with PYCD, multisuture craniosynostosis involving the coronal and sagittal sutures, severe obstructive sleep apnoea, and raised intracranial pressure presenting as papilledema. She underwent a frontofacial monobloc distraction advancement which successfully corrected her papilledema and obstructive sleep apnoea.Pycnodysostosis is caused by a loss of function mutation in the CTSK gene that codes for the lysosomal cysteine protease, cathepsin K (CTSK). Loss of CTSK impairs the ability of osteoclasts to degrade bone extracellular matrix. Differences in osteoclast phenotype and extracellular matrix composition between membranous and cartilaginous bone may explain the clinical features of PYCD. Animal model studies suggest that craniosynostosis may arise due to variations in patient genetic background.

Picnodisostosis y fractura femoral: reporte y seguimiento a 2 años / Pycnodysostosis and femoral fracture: report and two-year follow-up

La Picnodisostosis consiste en un raro trastorno genético caracterizado por esclerosis ósea sistémica, cuya fisiopatología se debe a una deficiencia catepsina K, enzima esencial en la remodelación ósea. El problema ortópedico más importante en esta condición son las fracturas recurrentes de los huesos largos. Clínicamente se presenta con osteoesclerosis, talla baja, acroosteolisis de falanges distales, displasias ungueales, displasia clavicular, deformidades craneales secundarias al retardo en el cierre de suturas y fontanelas; miembros cortos, micrognatia, maxilar superior obtuso e inferior aplanado, retraso en la aparición de los dientes; y fragilidad ósea con tendencia a las fracturas. Se presenta caso de mujer de 27 años con Picnodisostosis, en control en Servicio de Traumatología Adulto Hospital Gustavo Fricke. Damos a conocer su historia clínica, desde el diagnóstico de su enfermedad, hasta las complicaciones y tratamientos ortopédicos y quirúrgicos de sus fracturas recurrentes...

Pycnodysostosis is an uncommon genetic malformation characterized by systemic bone sclerosis, whose pathophysiologyis due to essential enzyme deficiency in bone remolding, cathepsin K. The most relevant orthopedic problems of this condition are the recurrent long-bones fractures. A clinical case is presented: 27 year old, female patient controlling at the Adult Traumatology Service in Hospital Gustavo Fricke. We present her clinical story from diagnose to the fracture’s complications and treatments, orthopedic and surgical...

A subcranial Le Fort III advancement with distraction osteogenesis as a clinical strategy to approach pycnodysostosis with midface retrusion and exorbitism.

Pycnodysostosis is a rare autosomal recessive skeletal disorder involving a constellation of craniofacial manifestations including midface retrusion. We report the case of a 13-year-old girl with pycnodysostosis who presented with exorbitism, midface retrusion, malocclusion, and obstructive sleep apnea. Here, we describe the successful use of subcranial Le Fort III advancement using distraction osteogenesis with internal Kawamoto distracters. After a latency of 5 days, distraction for 10 days, and consolidation for 12 weeks, her midface was advanced by 10 mm with slight overcorrection at the occlusion level. At 2 years postoperatively, the patient had complete remission of her sleep apnea, resolution of her exorbitism, and amelioration of her class III malocclusion to class I. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a successful subcranial Le Fort III midface advancement with distraction osteogenesis for craniofacial reconstruction of a pycnodysostosis. Our report highlights the surgical options that have been described for this craniofacial deformity and presents a novel and expedient approach for patients with pycnodysostosis presenting with exorbitism, midface retrusion, and/or sleep apnea.

A novel anchorage technique for transnasal traction in rigid external maxillary distraction.

We describe an effective technique for anchorage of transnasal traction in the management of maxillary rotation during external distraction.

Rigid external maxillary distraction and rhinoplasty for pyknodysostosis.

AIM: This article reports the treatment of an 33-year-old female patient with pyknodysostosis by rigid external distraction II midface distraction system. STUDY DESIGN: The patient with pyknodysostosis described in this report had severe midfacial hypoplasia. Correction of this by use of routine orthognathic surgery would require osteosynthesis and bone grafting. Risk of infection and/or nonunion after such a surgical procedure was considered too great, and therefore the possibility of treatment by distraction osteogenesis of the maxilla was evaluated. The rigid external distraction II midface distraction system was used to relocate the hypoplastic maxilla at anterior-inferior projection. CONCLUSIONS: Distraction osteogenesis should be considered as the primary reconstructive method for maxillofacial deformities in patients with sclerosing bone dysplasias, since this is the second reported case treated successfully with rigid external distraction.

Orthognathic surgery in pycnodysostosis: a case report.

Pycnodysostosis is an extremely rare genetic osteosclerosis caused by cathepsin K deficiency. It is a human autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterized mainly by osteosclerosis of the skeleton due to decreased bone turnover. It is characterized by short stature, brachycephaly, short and stubby fingers, open cranial sutures and fontanelle, and diffuse osteosclerosis. Multiple fractures of the long bones and osteomyelitis of the jaw are frequent complications. The authors describe an 18-year-old girl with a clinical and radiological diagnosis of pycnodysostosis and the ortho-surgical treatment undertaken. Bimaxillary orthognathic surgery was carried out using rigid fixation and bone grafts. The authors recommend bimaxillary orthognathic surgery as a choice for treating the dentofacial deformities of pycnodysostosis, emphasizing the good and stable results obtained in terms of facial aesthetics and occlusion.