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1.
Rev. esp. enferm. dig ; 107(6): 340-346, jun. 2015. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-141852

ABSTRACT

ANTECEDENTES: el tratamiento del cáncer de recto localmente avanzado (CRLA) y de casos selectivos de estadio IV es la quimioradioterapia (QRT) preoperatoria seguida de la extirpación completa del meso-recto (ETM). A pesar de la reducción en la recurrencia local, la supervivencia libre de enfermedad (SLE) permanece estable en los últimos años. OBJETIVO: el objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el patrón de recidiva, supervivencia a largo plazo y los factores pronósticos en un programa de QRT neoadyuvante y cirugía en el CRLA. MÉTODOS: entre enero de 1992 y diciembre de 2011, 446 pacientes con CRLA y 54 pacientes (con metástasis únicas) fueron tratados con QRT preoperatoria de curso largo y cirugía. Se realizaron 344 (68,8%) resecciones anteriores de recto y 123 (24,6%) amputaciones abdominoperineales. RESULTADOS: con una mediana de seguimiento de 70,06 meses, la recurrencia local fue del 4,8% y a distancia del 25,5%. No se encontraron diferencias en los factores pronósticos histopatológicos entre los tres grupos estudiados dependiendo de la distancia (cm) al margen anal. La afectación del margen circunferencial (MCR+) fue significativamente mayor en el tercio distal (8,5%; p = 0,04). Sesenta y siete pacientes (13,4%) mostraron una respuesta patológica completa. La supervivencia libre de enfermedad a los 5 y 10 años fue significativamente menor en los tumores del tercio distal del recto que en los del tercio medio (61,9% y 57,7%; p = 0,04). En dicha localización se produjo una incidencia significativamente mayor de metástasis pulmonares (p = 0,016)


BACKGROUND: The standard treatment for locally advanced cancer of the rectum (LACR) and selective cases of stage IV disease is preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) followed by total mesorectal excision (TME). Despite reductions in local recurrence, disease-free survival (DSF) has remained stable in recent years. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to analyze patterns of recurrence, long-term survival and prognostic factors in a program of neoadjuvant CRT and surgery in LACR. METHODS: Between January 1992 and December 2011, 446 patients with LACR and 54 patients (with single metastases) were treated with pre-operative long course CRT and surgery. Three hundred forty four (66.8%) anterior resections of the rectum and 123 (24.6%) abdomino-perineal resections were performed. RESULTS: With a mean follow-up of 70.06 months, local recurrence was 4.8% and distant recurrence 25.5%. No differences were found in the histopathologic prognostic factors across the three groups studied depending on distance (cm) from the anal margin. Involvement of the circumferential resection margin (CRM+) was significantly greater in tumors in the distal third of the rectum (8.5%; p = 0.04). 67 patients (13.4%) showed a complete pathologic response. DSF at 5 and 10 years was significantly lower in patients with tumors affecting the distal third as compared to the middle third of the rectum (61.9% vs. 57.7%; p = 0.04). Tumors at this distal location resulted in a significantly higher incidence of lung metastases (p = 0.016)


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Rectal Neoplasms/therapy , Survivorship/physiology , Ganglia/abnormalities , Neoplasm Metastasis/diagnosis , Neoplasm Metastasis/pathology , Lung/cytology , Rectal Neoplasms/congenital , Rectal Neoplasms/pathology , Survivorship/psychology , DNA Cleavage , Ganglia/injuries , Neoplasm Metastasis/genetics , Neoplasm Metastasis/prevention & control , Lung/metabolism , Retrospective Studies
2.
J Pediatr Surg ; 46(3): e17-8, 2011 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21376181

ABSTRACT

Hemangiopericytoma is a rare soft tissue lesion originating from capillary pericytes that can occur anywhere vascular capillaries are found. It is an uncommon tumor found typically in adults but rarely in children. We describe a previously unreported case of an intraluminal lesion in a neonate.


Subject(s)
Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/etiology , Hemangiopericytoma/congenital , Rectal Diseases/etiology , Rectal Neoplasms/congenital , Colostomy , Diagnostic Imaging , Hemangiopericytoma/blood supply , Hemangiopericytoma/complications , Hemangiopericytoma/surgery , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Laparotomy , Male , Rectal Neoplasms/blood supply , Rectal Neoplasms/complications , Rectal Neoplasms/surgery
3.
Cir. Esp. (Ed. impr.) ; 83(2): 53-60, feb. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-058815

ABSTRACT

Los hamartomas quísticos retrorrectales (tailgut cysts) son tumores congénitos poco frecuentes derivados de remanentes embrionarios postanales del intestino. La mayoría de los hamartomas quísticos son multiquísticos y aparecen como masas asintomáticas en mujeres de mediana edad. El tratamiento de elección es la extirpación completa. Las complicaciones más frecuentes son la infección y el desarrollo de fístulas cutáneas y la degeneración maligna. El diagnóstico diferencial incluye una extensa variedad de patologías que pueden existir en el espacio retrorrectal. En este artículo presentamos 3 pacientes con hamartomas quísticos y realizamos una revisión de su etiopatogenia, las manifestaciones clínicas, las técnicas de diagnóstico, sus complicaciones y los diagnósticos diferenciales. Asimismo, se discuten las diferentes técnicas quirúrgicas posibles para su abordaje quirúrgico (AU)


Retrorectal cystic hamartomas (tailgut cysts) are rare congenital lesions thought to arise from remnants of the embryonic postanal gut. They predominantly occur as asymptomatic retrorectal multicystic masses in women. The treatment of choice is by complete surgical excision. The most important complications of these cysts are infection with a secondary fistula and malignant degeneration. The differential diagnosis includes a wide variety of conditions that occur in the retrorectal space. In this article, 3 cases showing different surgical technical aspects of treatment are presented. In addition, the aetiopathogenic features and histopathological appearance, clinical presentation and complications, imaging features and differential diagnosis of tailgut cysts are described (AU)


Subject(s)
Female , Adult , Humans , Hamartoma/surgery , Rectal Neoplasms/surgery , Hamartoma/congenital , Hamartoma/complications , Hamartoma/diagnosis , Cutaneous Fistula/etiology , Diagnosis, Differential , Sacrum/surgery , Constipation/etiology , Rectal Neoplasms/congenital , Rectal Neoplasms/diagnosis
4.
Cir. Esp. (Ed. impr.) ; 76(2): 114-116, ago. 2004. ilus
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-33962

ABSTRACT

El hamartoma quístico es una lesión congénita derivada de los restos del desarrollo embrionario del tubo digestivo en su parte caudal. Su localización suele ser retrorrectal, aunque pueden extenderse hacia el espacio perirrenal o paravesical, zonas donde hayan residido vestigios del tubo digestivo durante el desarrollo embrionario. El diagnóstico diferencial de esta lesión incluye fundamentalmente todos los tumores benignos y malignos del espacio retrorrectal. Ante el hallazgo clínico casual (o con sintomatología asociada) de este tipo de tumores, se deben resecar quirúrgicamente y así evitar el riesgo de posibles complicaciones, incluida su degeneración maligna. Para el estudio y la decisión de la táctica quirúrgica es imprescindible la práctica de pruebas de imagen, de las que la tomografía axial computarizada y la resonancia magnética nuclear son las más indicadas porque permiten evaluar su relación con los órganos vecinos, aspecto que puede determinar la elección de la vía de abordaje. Presentamos un caso de hamartoma quístico retrorrectal en un varón de 49 años que había sido intervenido previamente en diversas ocasiones por reiteradas recidivas, y que fue abordado por una única vía perineal (AU)


Subject(s)
Male , Middle Aged , Humans , Hamartoma/congenital , Digestive System Surgical Procedures/methods , Rectal Neoplasms/surgery , Hamartoma/surgery , Hamartoma/diagnosis , Diagnosis, Differential , Buttocks/surgery , Tomography, Emission-Computed/methods , Rectal Neoplasms/diagnosis , Rectal Neoplasms/congenital , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
5.
Indian J Pediatr ; 70(3): 269-70, 2003 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12785301

ABSTRACT

Although rare, congenital lipomatosis presents during first few months of life as large sub-cutaneous fatty masses on chest with extension into skeletal muscle bundles. Only a few such cases have been reported in the literature. A rare case of congenital fibrolipoma of anal canal in a 3-day-old male child is being documented in the present report.


Subject(s)
Anal Canal , Fibroma/congenital , Lipoma/congenital , Rectal Neoplasms/congenital , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male
6.
Hepatogastroenterology ; 49(45): 687-90, 2002.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12063970

ABSTRACT

Although retrorectal congenital tumors are still rare, the number of the observed ones is destined to increase, as methods by imaging become routinely used in the clinical practice. By presenting three clinical cases the authors describe the surgical technique of the anterior route they performed for the management of such formations. The abdominal approach had no postoperative complications, short hospital stay, no neurological consequences and good long-term results. There has been no evidence of recurrence thus far. Once diagnosed, the removal of retrorectal lesions should be mandatory. A precise definition of the extent of the tumors and of their relationships with the surrounding tissue and organs is necessary to perform maneuvers of total excision. For this reason an abdominal approach is recommended.


Subject(s)
Digestive System Surgical Procedures , Rectal Neoplasms/congenital , Rectal Neoplasms/surgery , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Rectal Neoplasms/diagnosis
7.
Cir. Esp. (Ed. impr.) ; 68(1): 57-64, jul. 2000. ilus
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-5550

ABSTRACT

Introducción. En los últimos años, múltiples estudios epidemiológicos y experimentales han demostrado que la ingesta de una dieta rica en fibra disminuye la incidencia y mortalidad por cáncer colorrectal. Estudios in vitro han demostrado que el ácido butírico, un ácido graso de cadena corta derivado de la fermentación de la fibra dietética en el colon, bloquea la proliferación de células tumorales derivadas de cáncer de colon, por lo que se cree que es el principal componente protector de las dietas ricas en fibra en la carcinogénesis colónica. Métodos. En este artículo hemos realizado una revisión exhaustiva de la bibliografía. Tras un breve resumen del modelo genético del cáncer colorrectal, analizamos las propiedades antitumorales del butirato, así como el estado actual de conocimiento de su mecanismo de acción molecular. Resultados. La carcinogénesis es un proceso multietapa caracterizado por la expansión del área de proliferación, la alteración del patrón de diferenciación y la disminución de la apoptosis. En cultivos celulares derivados de cáncer de colon se ha observado que el butirato, a concentraciones fisiológicas, inhibe la proliferación celular bloqueando la célula en fase G1 del ciclo celular, induce diferenciación y apoptosis, y modula la expresión de múltiples genes, incluidos algunos de los oncogenes y genes supresores implicados en la carcinogénesis colorrectal. Conclusión. Actualmente se cree que el butirato es el principal componente protector de la fibra dietética en la carcinogénesis colorrectal, al inducir detención de crecimiento, diferenciación y apoptosis. Sin embargo, se necesita realizar más estudios para determinar el mecanismo exacto de acción molecular (AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Butyrates/administration & dosage , Butyrates/therapeutic use , Butyrates/pharmacokinetics , Fatty Acids, Volatile/administration & dosage , Fatty Acids, Volatile/pharmacokinetics , Fatty Acids, Volatile/therapeutic use , Colonic Neoplasms/epidemiology , Colonic Neoplasms/complications , Colonic Neoplasms/mortality , Colonic Neoplasms/drug therapy , Colonic Neoplasms/congenital , Rectal Neoplasms/complications , Rectal Neoplasms/diagnosis , Rectal Neoplasms/epidemiology , Rectal Neoplasms/drug therapy , Rectal Neoplasms/congenital , Apoptosis , Colectomy/trends , Colectomy , Cell Division , Chemoprevention , Chemoprevention/trends , Models, Biological
8.
J Pediatr Surg ; 31(5): 709-10, 1996 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8861488

ABSTRACT

This is the first reported case of congenital anorectal teratoma. Total disconnection from the coccyx and mucomembranous covering distinguish this tumor from the more common sacrococcygeal teratoma. Complete surgical excision is important to avoid recurrence or malignant transformation.


Subject(s)
Anus Neoplasms/congenital , Rectal Neoplasms/congenital , Teratoma/congenital , Anus Neoplasms/pathology , Anus Neoplasms/surgery , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/surgery , Rectal Neoplasms/pathology , Rectal Neoplasms/surgery , Reoperation , Teratoma/pathology , Teratoma/surgery
10.
J Comput Assist Tomogr ; 10(2): 260-3, 1986.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3950154

ABSTRACT

Retrorectal cyst-hamartomas (RRCH) are congenital lesions characterized by the presence of cysts lined by multiple types of epithelium, often predominantly mucin-secreting. Three cases of RRCH are presented with their associated histologic and CT findings. The lesion requires complete surgical excision to prevent complications of recurrence, infection, or metastasis.


Subject(s)
Cysts/diagnostic imaging , Hamartoma/diagnostic imaging , Rectal Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Rectal Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Adult , Cysts/congenital , Cysts/pathology , Diagnosis, Differential , Epithelium/pathology , Female , Hamartoma/congenital , Hamartoma/pathology , Humans , Male , Pregnancy , Rectal Diseases/congenital , Rectal Diseases/pathology , Rectal Neoplasms/congenital , Rectal Neoplasms/pathology , Rectum/diagnostic imaging , Rectum/pathology , Sacrococcygeal Region
11.
Dis Colon Rectum ; 26(7): 452-7, 1983 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-6861577

ABSTRACT

A 14-week-old female infant presented with an irreducible rectal prolapse and a large polypoid tumor at the tip of the prolapsed mucosa. The tumor and prolapsed rectum were resected. Four weeks after the operation, profuse rectal bleeding occurred and a second similar tumor was diagnosed by endoscopy in the sigmoid colon. Laparotomy, rectosigmoid resection, and endorectal pull-through were performed. At operation, the serosal surface showed ragged polypoid lesions and an abnormal angiomatous vascularization. The postoperative course was uneventful. The histology suggested a congenital mucosal malformation. This pathology is unique in our experience and we have been unable to find anything resembling it in the literature. At age two years a Sertoli cell tumor developed in the girl with pubertas precox and a recurrent colonic polyp of the Peutz-Jeghers type.


Subject(s)
Hamartoma/congenital , Rectal Neoplasms/congenital , Rectal Prolapse/etiology , Sigmoid Neoplasms/congenital , Colon, Sigmoid/surgery , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Hamartoma/pathology , Hamartoma/surgery , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome/diagnosis , Rectal Neoplasms/pathology , Rectal Neoplasms/surgery , Rectum/surgery , Sigmoid Neoplasms/pathology , Sigmoid Neoplasms/surgery
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