ABSTRACT
Objetivo: examinar os estudos desenvolvidos sobre a imagem pública da enfermeira brasileira veiculada em revistas ilustradas das décadas de 1910 e 1920, no Distrito Federal brasileiro. Método: realizada pesquisa documental, mediante análise historiográfica, com ênfase em publicações do início do século XX. Resultados: ratificaram a concorrência da enunciação da imagem pública da enfermeira nas circunstâncias da I Guerra Mundial, da Gripe Espanhola e também da Reforma Sanitária, liderada por Carlos Chagas, por meio dos efeitos simbólicos dos marcadores institucionais representados pelo uso do véu, gorro e touca. A liderança que prevaleceu na enunciação da imagem pública da enfermeira foi a investida pela Escola Prática de Enfermeiras da Cruz Vermelha Brasileira. Conclusão: direciona-se para além da concorrência entre as instituições de ensino, apontando vestígios para disputas em outro campo, o das relações internacionais.
Objective: to examine studies of Brazilian nurses' public image published in illustrated magazines in the 1910s and 1920s in Brazil's Federal District. Method: documentary research was conducted by historiographic analysis, with emphasis on early 20th century publications. Results: the studies ratified the presence of competition in the enunciation of nursing's public image in the circumstances of World War I, the Spanish Flu and also the Sanitary Reform led by Carlos Chagas, through the symbolic effects of institutional markers represented by the use of the veil, nurse's cap and mob-cap. The leadership that prevailed in enunciating nurses' public image was the one invested in by the Brazilian Red Cross Nurses' Practical School. Conclusion: pointing beyond competition among educational institutions, this indicates traces of disputes in another field, international relations.
Objetivo: examinar los estudios desarrollados sobre la imagen pública de la enfermera brasileña vehiculada en revistas ilustradas de las décadas de 1910 y 1920, en el Distrito Federal brasileño. Método: se realizó una investigación documental, mediante análisis historiográfico, con énfasis en publicaciones de principios del siglo XX. Resultados: ratificaron la competencia de la enunciación de la imagen pública de la enfermera en las circunstancias de la 1a Guerra Mundial, de la Gripe Española y también de la Reforma Sanitaria, encabezada por Carlos Chagas, por medio de los efectos simbólicos de los marcadores institucionales representados por el uso del velo y gorro. El liderazgo que prevaleció en la enunciación de la imagen pública de la enfermera fue el de la Escuela Práctica de Enfermeras de la Cruz Roja Brasileña. Conclusión: se dirige más allá de la competencia entre las instituciones de enseñanza, señalando vestigios para disputas en otro campo, el de las relaciones internacionales.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , History, 20th Century , Schools, Nursing , Nursing , Historiography , History of Nursing , Red Cross/history , Brazil , NursesABSTRACT
The Red Cross, an international organization originally founded in Europe, promoted in different Latin American countries the formation of national societies under the humanitarian and neutral principles in relation to the treatment of prisoners in times of armed conflicts. After the First World War and under the influence of the United States, the League of the Red Cross Societies was fostered to design and apply sanitary and social actions in times of peace. Based on that boost, different Pan-American Congresses were held in the twenties and thirties in Buenos Aires, Washington and Rio de Janeiro, which had an agenda that coincided with the principles of this international organization and, at the same time, allowed the elites and the state and private organisms of different fields to unify in pursuit of intervening in different social sectors.
La Cruz Roja, organismo internacional originalmente organizado en Europa, provocó la formación de sociedades nacionales en distintos países latinoamericanos bajo los principios humanitarios y neutrales relacionados con el tratamiento de prisioneros en épocas de conflictos bélicos. Luego de la Primera Guerra Mundial y bajo la influencia estadounidense, se impulsaron la Liga de las Sociedades de la Cruz Roja para el diseño y aplicación de acciones sanitarias y sociales en tiempos de paz. A partir de ese impulso, en la década de 1920 y 1930, se realizaron congresos panamericanos en Buenos Aires, Washington y Río de Janeiro que dispusieron una agenda coincidente con los principios de esta organización internacional que, a su vez, permitieron unificar las élites, los organismos estatales y privados de diferentes ámbitos en pos de la intervención sobre diferentes sectores sociales.
Subject(s)
Congresses as Topic/history , Red Cross/history , Altruism , Argentina , Armed Conflicts , Brazil , Congresses as Topic/organization & administration , District of Columbia , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , International Cooperation/history , Latin America , Red Cross/organization & administration , United StatesABSTRACT
RESUMEN La Cruz Roja, organismo internacional originalmente organizado en Europa, provocó la formación de sociedades nacionales en distintos países latinoamericanos bajo los principios humanitarios y neutrales relacionados con el tratamiento de prisioneros en épocas de conflictos bélicos. Luego de la Primera Guerra Mundial y bajo la influencia estadounidense, se impulsaron la Liga de las Sociedades de la Cruz Roja para el diseño y aplicación de acciones sanitarias y sociales en tiempos de paz. A partir de ese impulso, en la década de 1920 y 1930, se realizaron congresos panamericanos en Buenos Aires, Washington y Río de Janeiro que dispusieron una agenda coincidente con los principios de esta organización internacional que, a su vez, permitieron unificar las élites, los organismos estatales y privados de diferentes ámbitos en pos de la intervención sobre diferentes sectores sociales.
ABSTRACT The Red Cross, an international organization originally founded in Europe, promoted in different Latin American countries the formation of national societies under the humanitarian and neutral principles in relation to the treatment of prisoners in times of armed conflicts. After the First World War and under the influence of the United States, the League of the Red Cross Societies was fostered to design and apply sanitary and social actions in times of peace. Based on that boost, different Pan-American Congresses were held in the twenties and thirties in Buenos Aires, Washington and Rio de Janeiro, which had an agenda that coincided with the principles of this international organization and, at the same time, allowed the elites and the state and private organisms of different fields to unify in pursuit of intervening in different social sectors.
Subject(s)
History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Red Cross/history , Congresses as Topic/history , Argentina , Red Cross/organization & administration , United States , Brazil , District of Columbia , Congresses as Topic/organization & administration , Armed Conflicts , Altruism , International Cooperation/history , Latin AmericaABSTRACT
The branches of medicine responsible for the care of victims of different types of injuries were born as a result of the urgent need to save lives during the wars. In Mexico, one of the first hospitals developed for the care of injured patients was the Central Hospital of the Mexican Red Cross. The aim of this article is to pay tribute to the first service for the care of patients with chest trauma, founded in 1954, its founders and those who have continued with their work: Dr. Pedro Garza Alegría, Dr. Octavio Rivas Solís Dr. Jesús Genis Becerra, etc. In 64 years of existence, there have been trained eight specialists in cardiothoracic surgery and three of them have worked in the Central Hospital of the Mexican Red Cross.
Subject(s)
Hospitals/history , Thoracic Injuries/therapy , Thoracic Surgery/history , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Humans , Mexico , Red Cross/historyABSTRACT
El presente se aborda la figura de Henry Dunant, activista en favor de la causa humanitaria, fue testigo de las secuelas de la batalla de Solferino en Italia cuyo impacto le llevó a escribir sus memorias y experiencias en el libro "Un recuerdo de Solferino" en el que reclamó la creación de un cuerpo de voluntarios para socorrer a los heridos de guerra sin distinción del bando que fuera. En 1901, recibió el primer Premio Nobel de la Paz por su papel al fundar el Movimiento Internacional de la Cruz Roja (AU).
The current work is about the figure of Henry Dunant, militant in favor of the humanitarian cause. He was a witness of the sequels of Solferino´s battle, in Italy, the impact of which led him to write his memoirs and experiences in the book "A recollection of Solferino". In it he claimed for the creation of a voluntary corps to help war wounded people without distinction of the band where they fought. In 1901 he was awarded the first Nobel Peace Prize because of its role in the foundation of the International Red Crosse Movement (AU).
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Red Cross/history , Relief Work/history , Relief Work/standards , Medical Assistance/history , Medical Assistance/standardsABSTRACT
El presente se aborda la figura de Henry Dunant, activista en favor de la causa humanitaria, fue testigo de las secuelas de la batalla de Solferino en Italia cuyo impacto le llevó a escribir sus memorias y experiencias en el libro "Un recuerdo de Solferino" en el que reclamó la creación de un cuerpo de voluntarios para socorrer a los heridos de guerra sin distinción del bando que fuera. En 1901, recibió el primer Premio Nobel de la Paz por su papel al fundar el Movimiento Internacional de la Cruz Roja (AU).
The current work is about the figure of Henry Dunant, militant in favor of the humanitarian cause. He was a witness of the sequels of Solferino´s battle, in Italy, the impact of which led him to write his memoirs and experiences in the book "A recollection of Solferino". In it he claimed for the creation of a voluntary corps to help war wounded people without distinction of the band where they fought. In 1901 he was awarded the first Nobel Peace Prize because of its role in the foundation of the International Red Crosse Movement (AU).
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Red Cross/history , Relief Work/history , Relief Work/standards , Medical Assistance/history , Medical Assistance/standardsABSTRACT
Resumen Este trabajo estudia el papel desempeñado por la Cruz Roja Española (fundada en 1864) en la introducción y difusión de tecnologías humanitarias y el desarrollo de la ciencia médica en España, sirviéndonos del estudio de caso relativo a la atención a soldados enfermos y heridos, repatriados de las guerras de Cuba, Filipinas y Marruecos, y del análisis del impacto que estas medidas tuvieron sobre las necesidades asistenciales y de salud pública de la población civil. El artículo muestra cómo esta organización articuló la provisión de asistencia médica para los soldados españoles, estableciendo una red de centros sanitarios especializados, destinados, posteriormente, también al cuidado de la población civil y a la atención de nuevos problemas de salud pública.
Abstract This article examines the role played by the Spanish Red Cross (founded in 1864) in the introduction and spread of humanitarian technologies and the development of medical science in Spain, using the case study of medical care for sick and wounded soldiers repatriated during the wars in Cuba, the Philippines and Morocco, and analyzing the impact these measures had on health care and public health among the civilian population. The article shows how this organization set up health care for Spanish soldiers, establishing a network of specialized medical centers that were later also used to provide medical care for civilians and to address new public health problems.
Subject(s)
Humans , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Military Personnel/history , Red Cross/history , Armed Conflicts/history , Colonialism/history , Relief Work/history , SpainABSTRACT
Resumen Este trabajo estudia la función central que los Estados-nación continuaron teniendo en la Cruz Roja durante el periodo de entreguerras. A finales del siglo XIX, España lideró la creación de instituciones humanitarias de estilo europeo en Marruecos. Sin embargo, su secular inestabilidad como Estado, agravada por el desastre colonial de 1898, terminó con el proyecto regeneracionista de una Cruz Roja marroquí. Cuando en 1912 se estableció el protectorado español, la Cruz Roja Española quedó marginada por la competencia francesa, la internacionalización de Tánger y el rechazo local. Éste último culminó en la llamada Guerra del Rif de 1921-1927, mezcla de revuelta anticolonial y guerra internacional, que expuso de forma cruda las prolongadas necesidades del Estado español y su Cruz Roja.
Abstract This article studies the central role of nation-states in the Red Cross during the interwar period. In the late nineteenth century, Spain pioneered the creation of European-style humanitarian institutions in Morocco. However, its perennial instability as a state, aggravated by the colonial disaster of 1898, put an end to the regenerationist project of a Moroccan Red Cross. When the Spanish protectorate was established in 1912, the Spanish Red Cross was overshadowed by competition from its French counterpart, the internationalization of Tangiers and resistance from the local inhabitants. This culminated in the so-called Rif War of 1921-1927, a mixture of anticolonial revolt and international war that vividly exposed the ingrained deficiencies of the Spanish State and its Red Cross.
Subject(s)
Humans , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Colonialism/history , Red Cross/history , Armed Conflicts/history , Morocco , SpainABSTRACT
Resumen Los primeros años del movimiento internacional de Cruz Roja coincidieron con grandes cambios tecnológicos en la medicina de guerra. Las peculiaridades organizativas de la Asociación Internacional de Socorro a los Soldados Heridos en Campaña, impulsada por el Comité de Ginebra y los comités nacionales de Cruz Roja; la confluencia en diversos congresos profesionales y publicaciones de médicos de las diferentes sociedades nacionales de esta asociación; y la construcción de un conocimiento práctico compartido, puesto a prueba en la Guerra Franco-Prusiana (1870-1871), proporcionan claves para comprender las innovaciones tecnológicas introducidas por la Cruz Roja Española durante la tercera y última Guerra Carlista (1872-1876).
Abstract The early years of the international Red Cross movement coincided with great technological changes in war medicine. The organizational peculiarities of the International Association for Relief of Wounded Soldiers in Campaign, set up by the Geneva Committee, and by the Red-Cross’ national committees; the convergence in various professional conferences and publications of doctors from different national societies of this association; and the construction of a body of shared practical expertise tested during the Franco-Prussian War (1870-1871) provide keys for understanding the technological innovations introduced by the Spanish Red Cross during the third and last Carlist War (1872-1876).
Subject(s)
Humans , History, 19th Century , Inventions/history , Military Medicine/history , Red Cross/history , Armed Conflicts/history , Communication , Science/history , SpainSubject(s)
Red Cross/history , Altruism , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Humans , SpainABSTRACT
This article examines the role played by the Spanish Red Cross (founded in 1864) in the introduction and spread of humanitarian technologies and the development of medical science in Spain, using the case study of medical care for sick and wounded soldiers repatriated during the wars in Cuba, the Philippines and Morocco, and analyzing the impact these measures had on health care and public health among the civilian population. The article shows how this organization set up health care for Spanish soldiers, establishing a network of specialized medical centers that were later also used to provide medical care for civilians and to address new public health problems.
Subject(s)
Military Personnel/history , Red Cross/history , Armed Conflicts/history , Colonialism/history , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Humans , Relief Work/history , SpainABSTRACT
The early years of the international Red Cross movement coincided with great technological changes in war medicine. The organizational peculiarities of the International Association for Relief of Wounded Soldiers in Campaign, set up by the Geneva Committee, and by the Red-Cross' national committees; the convergence in various professional conferences and publications of doctors from different national societies of this association; and the construction of a body of shared practical expertise tested during the Franco-Prussian War (1870-1871) provide keys for understanding the technological innovations introduced by the Spanish Red Cross during the third and last Carlist War (1872-1876).
Subject(s)
Inventions/history , Military Medicine/history , Red Cross/history , Armed Conflicts/history , Communication , History, 19th Century , Humans , Science/history , SpainABSTRACT
This article studies the central role of nation-states in the Red Cross during the interwar period. In the late nineteenth century, Spain pioneered the creation of European-style humanitarian institutions in Morocco. However, its perennial instability as a state, aggravated by the colonial disaster of 1898, put an end to the regenerationist project of a Moroccan Red Cross. When the Spanish protectorate was established in 1912, the Spanish Red Cross was overshadowed by competition from its French counterpart, the internationalization of Tangiers and resistance from the local inhabitants. This culminated in the so-called Rif War of 1921-1927, a mixture of anticolonial revolt and international war that vividly exposed the ingrained deficiencies of the Spanish State and its Red Cross.
Subject(s)
Colonialism/history , Red Cross/history , Armed Conflicts/history , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Humans , Morocco , SpainABSTRACT
O objetivo do estudo foi analisar os elementos simbólicos da estátua e placas do monumento em tributo a homenageada, pela Cruz Vermelha Brasileira, como efeito simbólico para a sociedade. A análise foi documental, principalmente, mediante registros da imprensa institucional e imagens, as quais foram interpretadas, por meio das noções de representação objetal e hexis corporal. Os resultados evidenciaram que as representações objetais ostentadas na estátua de Anna Nery careceram de representação de heroína articulada a sua hexis corporal, o que conduziu a interpretação do monumento - estátua e quatro placas narrativas - como homenagem a mulher brasileira.
The objective of this study was to examine the symbolic elements of the statue and memorial plaques in honor of Anna Nery offered by the Brazilian Red Cross, as a symbolic effect on society. The documentary analysis was performed mainly through institutional press records and images, which were interpreted by means of the notions of object representation and object bodyly hexis. Results showed that the object representations in the statue of Anna Nery lacked a representation of her articulated to her bodyly hexis, which led to the interpretation of the monument - both the statue and the four narrative plaques - as a tribute to the Brazilian woman.
El objetivo era examinar los elementos simbólicos de la placa de la estatua y el monumento en honor de la homenajeada, la Cruz Roja Brasileña, como el efecto simbólico en la sociedad. El análisis documental ha sido principalmente a través de los registros institucionales de prensa e imágenes, que fueron interpretadas por medio de las nociones de representación y el cuerpo objeto hexis. Los resultados evidenciaron que las representaciones objetales ostentadas en la estatua de Anna Nery carecían de representación de heroína articulada a sua hexis corporal, lo que condujo a la interpretación del monumento - estatua y cuatro placas narrativas - como homenaje a la mujer brasileña.
Subject(s)
History, 20th Century , History of Nursing , Red Cross/history , Brazil , SymbolismABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to examine the symbolic elements of the statue and memorial plaques in honor of Anna Nery offered by the Brazilian Red Cross, as a symbolic effect on society. The documentary analysis was performed mainly through institutional press records and images, which were interpreted by means of the notions of object representation and object bodyly hexis. Results showed that the object representations in the statue of Anna Nery lacked a representation of her articulated to her bodyly hexis, which led to the interpretation of the monument--both the statue and the four narrative plaques--as a tribute to the Brazilian woman.
Subject(s)
History of Nursing , Red Cross/history , Brazil , History, 20th Century , SymbolismABSTRACT
El objetivo estrategico Nº4 de nustro plan estartegico de desarrollo 2009-2013 dentro de algunos resultados, espera que ejercitemos proyectos, actuaciones y capacitaciones en salud.
Subject(s)
Red Cross , Red Cross/history , Red Cross/organization & administrationABSTRACT
Este estudo teve como objeto dimensionar a visibilidade da Cruz Vermelha Brasileira, Filial de São Paulo, na imprensa escrita no período de 1916-1930. Seus objetivos foram: descrever e analisar sua visibilidade na imprensa escrita e discutir os efeitos da crença simbólica da Cruz Vermelha Brasileira à sociedade. Os documentos de análise foram oriundos de um portfólio, do Centro Histórico Cultural da Enfermagem Ibero-americana, da Escola de Enfermagem, da Universidade de São de Paulo. Os resultados foram analisados com base nas concepções de Pierre Bourdieu, que apontaram para o círculo da crença simbólica, quando foram veiculadas 1.089 notícias na imprensa nacional e internacional. Neste sentido, a cada publicação de notícia sobre a Cruz VermelhaBrasileira, esta divulgava o órgão central no Brasil e, consequentemente, também a Cruz Vermelha Internacional.
Subject(s)
Humans , Red Cross/history , History of Nursing , Mass MediaABSTRACT
This paper presents the history of hospital care in Tapachula, Chiapas. Hospital services began 100 years ago. At present there is one government hospital, hospitals of the Social Security systems, private hospitals and one hospital of the Mexican Red Cross. Hospital services have been oriented to attend labor and delivery, infectious diseases, malnutrition and accidents.