Subject(s)
Humans , Anniversaries and Special Events , Research Support as Topic/history , BiographyABSTRACT
En los tres últimos años, el desarrollo de una profunda reordenación de las enseñanzas universitarias ha permitido cumplir con los compromisos de la Declaración de Bolonia y adaptar todas las enseñanzas para la nueva estructura de grado que se implantará en octubre del año 2010. En esta línea, (ORDEN ECI/332/2008) se han establecido los requisitos que deberán cumplir los títulos de grado que habiliten para el ejercicio de la profesión de médico. En los nuevos planes de estudio se prioriza la adquisición de competencias por parte de los estudiantes, y se hace énfasis en los métodos de aprendizaje de dichas competencias, así como en los procedimientos para evaluar su adquisición. Los créditos europeos (European Credit Transfer System [ECTS], entre 25 y 30h), constituyen la unidad de medida que refleja los resultados del aprendizaje. Además, se impulsa la adquisición de habilidades clínicas mediante la realización obligatoria de prácticas preprofesionales, en forma de un periodo de rotación clínico independiente y con una evaluación final de competencias, en los centros de salud, hospitales y otros centros asistenciales. En los próximos años se comprobará si esta modernización curricular de los planes de estudios mejora el ejercicio profesional de los nuevos médicos(AU)
In the last three years, the development of a profound reorganization of university teachings has made it possible to comply with the commitments of the Declaration of Bologna and to adapt all teaching to the new structure of the degree program that will be introduced in October 2010. Along these lines (Order ECI/332/2008), the requirements that must be fulfilled by the university degrees to be able to practice the medical profession have been established. In the new study plans, acquisition of skills by the students is given priority and emphasis is placed on the learning methods of these skills, and on the procedures to evaluate their acquisition. The European Credit Transfer System (ACTS), (between 25 and 30h), is the measurement unit that reflects the learning results. Furthermore, acquisition of clinical skills is promoted through the obligatory performance of pre-professional practices, in form of a period of independent clinical rotation and with a final evaluation of the skills, in health care centers, hospitals, and other care centers. In the upcoming years, it will be verified if this curriculum modernization of the study plans improves the professional practice of the new physicians(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Education/methods , Research Support as Topic/history , Research Support as Topic/methods , Modernization of the Public Sector , Competency-Based Education/history , Competency-Based Education/trends , Teaching/history , Teaching/organization & administration , 50069 , Education/history , Education/standards , Education/trends , Health Systems Plans/history , Learning , Educational Measurement/history , Educational Measurement/methods , Educational Measurement/standardsABSTRACT
Faz uma abordagem histórica sobre a atuação da Fundação Rockefeller nas instituições brasileiras de ensino e pesquisa. No campo biomédico, um marco significativo pode ser localizado em 1915, quando desembarcou em São Paulo a primeira Comissão de Estudos da Fundação Rockefeller (FR). A comissão chegou ao Brasil depois de uma longa viagem pela América Latina, incluindo Equador, Peru, Colômbia e Venezuela, cujo objetivo fora identificar áreas para atuação no continente, especialmente nos setores de Saúde Pública e ensino médico. Para as instituições selecionadas, a FR dispunha-se a liberar grandes somas, desde que os estatutos fossem ajustados à sua concepção de excelência científica, cujo cerne associava a limitação do número de alunos (numerus clausus) à implantação do tempo integral para o ensino e a pesquisa nas disciplinas pré-clínicas, acrescida da construção do hospital de clínicas.
Subject(s)
Research Support as Topic/history , Cooperation Agreements for Human Resources Formation , Universities , Biomedical Research/history , Public Health/history , BrazilABSTRACT
Faz uma abordagem histórica sobre a atuação da Fundação Rockefeller nas instituições brasileiras de ensino e pesquisa. No campo biomédico, um marco significativo pode ser localizado em 1915, quando desembarcou em São Paulo a primeira Comissão de Estudos da Fundação Rockefeller (FR). A comissão chegou ao Brasil depois de uma longa viagem pela América Latina, incluindo Equador, Peru, Colômbia e Venezuela, cujo objetivo fora identificar áreas para atuação no continente, especialmente nos setores de Saúde Pública e ensino médico. Para as instituições selecionadas, a FR dispunha-se a liberar grandes somas, desde que os estatutos fossem ajustados à sua concepção de excelência científica, cujo cerne associava a limitação do número de alunos (numerus clausus) à implantação do tempo integral para o ensino e a pesquisa nas disciplinas pré-clínicas, acrescida da construção do hospital de clínicas. (AU)
Subject(s)
Public Health/history , Universities , Biomedical Research/history , Research Support as Topic/history , Cooperation Agreements for Human Resources Formation , BrazilABSTRACT
No disponible
No disponible
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Universities/organization & administration , Dermatology/methods , Teaching/history , Teaching/methods , Education/methods , Education/organization & administration , Education/trends , Research Support as Topic/history , Research Support as Topic/methodsABSTRACT
No disponible
No disponible
Subject(s)
Dermatology/history , Dermatology , History of Medicine , Research/history , Research , Research Support as Topic/history , Research Support as Topic/statistics & numerical data , Spain/epidemiology , France/epidemiology , BibliometricsABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Research/instrumentation , Societies, Medical/trends , Respiratory Tract Diseases/epidemiology , Respiratory Tract Diseases/history , Pulmonary Medicine/history , Pulmonary Medicine/trends , Research Support as Topic/history , Research/methodsABSTRACT
El objetivo de este estudio es brindar una visión panorámica de la relación entre el desarrollo de los estudios naturalistas con el control del territorio en el Perú desde mediados del siglo XIX hasta las primeras décadas del siglo XX. Durante esta etapa se produjo un notable desarrollo científico - tanto de investigadores como de instituciones académicas - que recibieron el respaldo del Estado peruano que empezaba a contar con mas recursos después del periodo de relativa inestabilidad que se sucedió a la Independencia en 1821. Aunque este desarrollo fue fragmentado y discontinuo permitió la elaboración de los primeros mapas, estudios geográficos y naturalistas, establecimiento de vías de comunicación y estuvo justificado por su potencial contribución a una economía de exportación y al prestigio cultural de elites civiles.
This study offers a panoramic view of the relation between the development of naturalist studies and the control of territory in Peru from the mid-nineteenth century through the first decades of the twentieth. Notable scientific development took place during this period, in terms of research and of academic institutions. Both research and academe enjoyed the support of the State, which had greater resources within its reach following the period of relative instability subsequent to Independence in 1821. Although this process of development was fragmented and discontinuous, it resulted in the first mapmaking work and geographic and naturalist studies, as well as the creation of communication pathways. Further, it was justified by its potential contribution to an export economy and to the cultural prestige of civilian elites.
Subject(s)
History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Natural Science Disciplines/history , Peru , Research Support as Topic/history , Research/historyABSTRACT
Este artículo tiene un doble objetivo. Por un lado intenta destacar el papel desempeñado porSantiago Ramón y Cajal en la génesis y desenvolvimiento de la Junta para Ampliación de Estudiose Investigaciones Científicas (JAE). Por otra parte relaciona el protagonismo de Cajal en esa institucióncon su faceta de educador de los jóvenes científicos. Esa voluntad pedagógica se manifestóen diversos hechos a lo largo de su trayectoria intelectual. Entre ellos cabe destacar su labor dedivulgador científico, su afán de participar activamente en la transformación de las estructuraseducativas de la sociedad española y su presidencia de la JAE durante un cuarto de siglo, desde1907 a 1932
This article has two aims. On one hand, it tries to point out the role of Santiago Ramón y Cajalin the establishment and development of the Junta para Ampliación de Estudios e InvestigacionesCientíficas (JAE). On the other hand, it links the leadership of Cajal in this Institution to his teachingauthority of young scientifics. This pedagogical will was showed with various facts along hisintellectual path. It is appropriate to underline among them his effort in spreading science, hisenthusiasm and engagement in order to change the educational structures of Spanish Society andhis 25 year long Presidency of JAE, from 1907 until 1932
Subject(s)
Research/education , Research/standards , Education/history , Education/methods , Research Support as Topic/history , Research Support as Topic/methods , Historiography , Teaching/history , Science/education , Science/history , Exploratory Behavior , Teaching/ethics , Teaching/methods , Ethics, Research/education , Ethics, Research/history , Science/methods , Science/organization & administration , Science/trendsABSTRACT
La política de jóvenes pensionados científicos en el extranjero desarrollada por la JAE tuvo un complemento importante en la puesta en marcha de una serie de pequeños laboratorios científicos y centros de investigación agrupados principalmente en el Instituto Nacional de Ciencias y la Residencia de Estudiantes. El presente artículo aporta una perspectiva general de la labor realizada por algunos de esos laboratorios, sus principales protagonistas y grupos de investigación, particularmente los relacionados con las investigaciones biomédicas. No se analiza la labor del Instituto Cajal o el Museo de Ciencias Naturales, que son objeto de otras contribuciones en este mismo número monográfico. Se explica el proceso de creación de pequeños laboratorios docentes y de investigación a partir de 1912, su participación en la docencia práctica experimental universitaria durante la década de los años 1920, con particular detalle en relación con los laboratorios de la Residencia, entre ellos el Laboratorio de Fisiología general dirigido por Juan Negrín. Se analiza la importancia de su escuela fisiológica y de los comienzos de la labor investigadora de Severo Ochoa (AU)
The policy of promoting fellowships abroad by the JAE for young scientist had an important complement in the foundation of a series of small scientific laboratories and research centres joined basically under the National Institute of Science and the Residencia de Estudiantes. The present article offers a general perspective of the activities developed by some of those laboratories, their main protagonists and research groups, particularly those related to biomedical research. The scientific task developed by the Instituto Cajal and the Natural Sciences Museum is not directly considered, since other contributions in this monographic issue regard those institutions. The process of creation of small teaching and research laboratories since 1912 is shown, and their participation in the university experimental teaching during the 1920s, especially regarding the Residencia de Estudiantes laboratories. Among them, the Laboratory of General Physiology leaded by Juan Negrín. The significance of his physiological school is shown as well as the starting point of the scientific career of Severo Ochoa (AU)
Subject(s)
History, 20th Century , Research Support as Topic/history , Research Support as Topic/methods , Science/history , Science/methods , Internship and Residency/history , Internship and Residency/methods , Fellowships and Scholarships/history , Fellowships and Scholarships/methods , Internship and Residency/ethics , Internship and Residency/organization & administration , Fellowships and Scholarships/organization & administrationABSTRACT
Este artículo quiere poner en evidencia la labor esencial de la Junta para la Ampliación de Estudios en el nacimiento y desarrollo de la genética española a través de sus figuras más relevantes, entre las que se cuentan dos mujeres, Jimena Fernández de la Vega y Käte Pariser (AU)
The aim of this paper is to show the essential paper developed by the Junta para la ampliaciónde Estudios in the origin of the Spanish genetics, using for that the most relevants researchers of thetime, and between them two women, Jimena Fernández de la Vega and Käte Pariser
Subject(s)
History, 20th Century , Genetics/education , Genetics/history , Research/education , Research/history , Research/methods , Research Design/trends , Research Support as Topic/history , Research Support as Topic/methods , Science/education , Science/history , Genetics/organization & administration , Genetics/standards , Genetics/trends , Academies and Institutes/history , Academies and Institutes/organization & administrationABSTRACT
Durante las últimas décadas del s. XIX una serie de movimientos culturales y reformistas iniciaronla renovación de la ciencia y la cultura españolas, que habían de tener sus cimientos asentadosen el proceso de la educación, llave de ulteriores transformaciones en el campo del desarrollotecnológico, científico y social. Con un retraso considerable nuestro país comenzó un proceso quese había vivido en otros países occidentales, y ponía así la proa hacia una europeización de la sociedadespañola. Uno de los logros de esta obra renovadora fue la Junta para Ampliación de Estudiose Investigaciones Científicas (JAE), muy especialmente a través de su política de becas (1907-1936). En el presente trabajo presentamos un recorrido por las instituciones y las figuras que, através de la JAE, hicieron de puente entre la psicología europea y la española, siendo responsablesde que en sólo tres décadas esta ciencia alcanzara en nuestro país el nivel científico propio de unpaís desarrollado. Cabe destacar el papel jugado en esta historia por la Escuela de Ginebra, cuyasrelaciones con los profesionales españoles, propiciadas por la Junta, iban a determinar el desarrolloposterior de la psicología en nuestro país
During the last decades of the XIXth. century, there was an awakening of consciousnesss forthe need of a Spanish cultural renovation, of which one of the aims was to create and develop a Spanishscience, resembling the scientific models already established in more advanced countries. Therewas a desire of europeanization. Since it was a global social objective, it was necessary to startfrom the educators training. In this climate the Junta para Ampliación de Estudios e InvestigacionesCientíficas, appeared. The role that the Junta played in Spanish research and in the innovationin the Psychopedagogical field through the first third of the XXth. century was extremelyimportant. The Juntas policy of scholarships was one of its most substantial achievements, for itmade possible that the country reached in a few decades (1907-1936) the European scientific and psychological level. The relations among Spanish teachers and the Institute J.J. Rousseau is to behighlighted, as «Geneva School» was to influence deeply the further development of psychology inSpain
Subject(s)
Psychology/history , Psychology/methods , Cross-Cultural Comparison , Research/education , Research/history , Research Support as Topic/ethics , Research Support as Topic/history , Research Support as Topic/methods , Psychology, Clinical/education , Psychology, Clinical/history , Psychology/education , Psychology/organization & administration , Psychology/trends , Culture , Behavioral Medicine/education , Behavioral Medicine/historyABSTRACT
Este artículo repasa la influencia de la Junta para Ampliación de Estudios y el efecto de la políticade pensiones en el extranjero en la trayectoria del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas.Se proponen el viaje de los pensionados de la JAE como fuente de saber científico y de susprácticas. Se sugiere que la memoria institucional, como la de las ideas, no se borra en guerrasciviles y dictaduras, por represoras que sean, que hay genealogía también de las prácticas de lasciencias y en la formación experimental a lo largo del siglo xx en España
This essay revisits the influence of the Junta para Ampliación de Estudios (JAE), the effect inthe trajectory of the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas of JAE grants and scholarshipspolicy for Spanish young graduates to study abroad. It proposes grantees travel as a source ofknowledge and its practices. It develops the argument that institutional memory, as that of ideas, isnot blurred by either a civil war or a dictatorship, repressive as it was. It also suggests genealogy ofscientific practices and training during the 20th century in Spain (AU)
Subject(s)
History, 20th Century , Expeditions/history , Expeditions/psychology , Research/education , Research/methods , Research Design/trends , Research Support as Topic/history , Research Support as Topic/methods , Ethics, Institutional/history , Institutional Practice/history , Historiography , Academies and Institutes/history , Warfare/history , Academies and Institutes , 35163 , Ethics Committees, Research/history , Ethics Committees, Research/statistics & numerical data , Ethics Committees, Research/trendsABSTRACT
Se plantea una revisión de la investigación historiográfica en el tema de las biografías y su presencia en el mundo académico, las ventajas y las limitaciones, las luces y las sombras del llamado paradigma moderno de la biografía
The aim of the article is to revise the historiographical research and their place in the academic world. The article also considers their advantages and limits, and the light and the darkness of the new biographical paradigm
Subject(s)
Historiography , Research/education , Research/history , Education/history , Education/methods , Training Support/history , Training Support/methods , Operations Research , Research Design/trends , Research Support as Topic/history , Data Collection/history , Data Collection/methodsABSTRACT
Las plantas representan un reservorio extraordinario de moléculas novedosas yhoy en día hay un renovado interés en el reino vegetal como una posible fuente denuevas moléculas cabezas de serie por su introducción en los programas de cribado.La flora de Panamá es una de las más ricas en el mundo y su potencialeconómico y medicinal aún no se ha explotado completamente. Los resultados mássobresalientes logrados en los proyectos multinacionales financiados por la Organizaciónde los Estados Americanos, la Unión Europea, la Fundación Internacionalpara la Ciencia, el Programa CYTED, y el Programa Internacional Colaborativo deGrupos de Biodiversidad (ICBG), indican que la Flora de Panamá es, sin dudaalguna, una fuente valiosa de moléculas líderes para la industria farmacéutica.Se presentan el desarrollo histórico y el estado actual de las investigacionesfarmacognósticas sobre la flora panameña realizadas durante los últimos treintaaños. Específicamente se discutirán los estudios etnobotánicos sobre Amerindiosde las etnias Kuna, Ngöbe Buglé y Teribes o Naso; la evaluación farmacológica delas plantas medicinales usadas en la medicina folklórica y cribado de plantas paraactividades inter alia anticáncer, antiparasitarias y antifúngicas de centenares deplantas y el aislamiento y caracterización de moléculas bioactivas. Se han aisladomás de 390 compuestos químicos de los cuales 111 corresponden a nuevos compuestosno reportados en la literatura mundial
Plants represent an extraordinary reservoir of novel molecules and currently ;;there is a renewed interest in plant kingdom as a source of novel lead compounds ;;for screening libraries. The flora of Panama is one of the richest in the world, ;;whose medical and economic potential has not been fully explored. Results from ;;multinational projects financed by the Organization of American States, European ;;Union, International Foundation for Science, CYTED Program, and International ;;Biodiversity Cooperative Groups (ICBG) reveal that the Panamanian flora is undoubtedly ;;a valuable source of lead molecules for the pharmaceutical industry. ;;Historical development and the current status of pharmacognostic research ;;on Panamanian flora carried out during the last 30 years are presented. Specifically, ;;ethnobotanical inventories of three Amerindians groups Kuna, Ngöbe-Buglé ;;and Teribes (Naso), pharmacological evaluation of plants used in folk medicine ;;and screening of plants for anticancer, antifungal and antiparasitic activities and ;;isolation and characterization of bioactive compounds are described. To date over ;;390 compounds have been isolated from the Panamanian Flora, of which 111 are ;;new to world literature