[Testicular Malignant Sertoli Cell Tumor with Long-Term Survival After Pulmonary Metastasectomy: A Case Report].

A 45-year-old man was referred to our hospital with a complaint of right scrotal discomfort. With a diagnosis of testicular tumor, right orchiectomy was performed. The tumor was histologically diagnosed as malignant Sertoli cell tumor pT1N0M0. A pulmonary nodule appeared, 53 months after the operation, and increased in size there after. Thoracoscopic left upper lobectomy was performed 64 months after the operation, and the pathological diagnosis was metastasis of malignant Sertoli cell tumor. No recurrence has been observed for 94 months after the resection of the metastatic lesion.

Characteristic ultrasound appearance of a rare testis tumor: Bilateral multiple large-cell calcifying Sertoli cell tumor.

Characteristic ultrasound features of large cell calcifying Sertoli cell tumor (LCCSCT), including hypoechoic masses with amorphous coarse calcifications can aid in differentiating this tumor from other entities. Bilateral multiple LCCSCTs almost always show a benign course; therefore, defining the diagnosis with sonographic findings is crucial to avoid unnecessary orchiectomy.

The sclerosing sertoli cell tumor of the testis: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Testicular Sertoli cell tumor (SCT) is very rare sex cord-gonadal stromal tumor, and sclerosing SCT (SSCT) is even rarer. So far, no more than 50 cases of SSCT have been reported. 80% of SSCTs are less than 2 cm in diameter, large volume mass is pretty unusual. SSCT is usually benign with very low malignant potential. However, it is easily misdiagnosed as a malignant tumor resulting in the removal of the entire testicle. CASE PRESENTATION: A 55-year-old Chinese male patient presented with a six months' history of right testis progressively enlargement and negative tumor markers. The physical examination was nothing special except for swelling in the right testicle. Imaging identified a large mass in right testicle with rich blood. A right radical orchiectomy was performed on suspicion of malignancy. However, the tumor was postoperatively diagnosed as SSCT, which pathologically consisted of a tubular pattern with regular nuclei and embedded in a densely collagenous stroma, as well as diffusely positive for vimentin, ß-catenin and synaptophysin. After 7 months of follow up, no evidence of local recurrence and metastasis has been observed. CONCLUSION: This rare case is helpful to expand the knowledge of the testicular tumor and alert us fully understand the rare variant of SCTs in order to choose the optimal management when they encounter SSCT.

Ovarian Sertoli Cell Tumor with Immature Prepubertal-like Sertoli Cell Component: A Case Report and Literature Review.

The Sertoli cell tumor of the ovary is a rare ovarian tumor with non-specific symptoms. According to the literature, endocrine manifestations occur in two-thirds of patients, but testosterone production is extremely rare. Typically, it is a unilateral benign tumor of the ovary that most commonly presents in adolescents and young women of childbearing potential. We report a 29-year-old patient, previously diagnosed to have polycystic ovarian syndrome, who presented with complaints of amenorrhea for the past three years. A transvaginal ultrasound scan revealed polycystic structure ovaries and a solid cystic formation of 32 × 31 mm size with strong blood flow in the left ovary. The laboratory tests reported an elevated testosterone level. During laparoscopic surgery, a solid, yellowish tumor was removed and the left ovary was resected. Histological examination revealed a left ovary Sertoli cell tumor with an immature prepubertal-like Sertoli cell component. Following surgery, the serum testosterone levels returned to normal and the menstrual cycle became regular. Due to the substantially low incidence of ovarian Sertoli cell tumors, information on their clinical behavior, morphologic spectrum, optimal management, and prognosis is limited. They are characterized by a wide variety of clinical manifestations, treated surgically, and, if diagnosed at an early stage, have good prognosis. We emphasize the extraordinarily rare clinical presentation of this case report.

Large Cell Calcifying Sertoli Cell Tumor: A Clinicopathologic Study of 18 Cases With Comprehensive Review of the Literature and Reappraisal of Prognostic Features.

We present a series of 18 (8 clinically benign, 8 clinically ambiguous [ie, lacking sufficient follow-up to determine behavior], and 2 clinically malignant) large cell calcifying Sertoli cell tumors (LCCSCT) of the testis. The median patient age and size were 15.5 years and 1.9 cm for the benign tumors; 19 years and 1.6 cm for the ambiguous tumors; and 28.5 years and 2.3 cm for the malignant tumors. The most common presentation was a mass (n=12/18, 67%). Two patients (11%) had the Carney complex, and 2 had neurofibromatosis type 1. All tumors showed nodular growth with frequent lymphoid aggregates at the periphery. Within the nodules, there were nests and trabeculae of pale to eosinophilic epithelioid tumor cells with frequent cytoplasmic vacuolization interspersed with hypocellular, often myxoid stroma with conspicuous neutrophils. Spindled tumor cells were a minor component (<5%) in the clinically benign, ambiguous, and malignant tumors, except in 1 malignant tumor where they comprised 50% to 60% of the cellularity. Calcifications were noted in all but 2 benign tumors that were otherwise of typical appearance. Six tumors (3 in the clinically benign, 1 in the clinically ambiguous, and 2 in the malignant groups) were considered potentially malignant based on the presence of ≥1 adverse pathologic features previously recognized (see reference 1)-that is, size>4 cm, extratesticular growth, necrosis, significant atypia, vascular invasion, and >3 mitotic figures/10 HPFs. Of these, 3 tumors had ≥2 adverse features. One in a 7-year-old was clinically benign despite 5 "malignant" features; the remaining 2 in 27- and 30-year-olds, were clinically malignant, with both fulfilling previously suggested criteria for pathologically malignant tumors (age above 25 y and ≥2 adverse pathologic features). No clinically benign or ambiguous tumor met those same criteria. Of the adverse features, each of the 2 clinically malignant tumors showed tumor necrosis and lymphovascular invasion. All patients, except 1 with a clinically malignant tumor, were alive at a median follow-up of 33 months. In addition, in our literature review of 97 additional LCCSCTs, we identified 2 clinically malignant tumors in 42- and 45-year-old men that lacked any documented adverse pathologic criterion and 2 clinically malignant cases in patients with either the Carney complex or Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. In summary, our study and literature review support that all LCCSCTs in patients above 25 years old should be considered potentially malignant, and those in this age group with ≥2 adverse pathologic features warrant aggressive clinical management; furthermore, syndrome-associated cases are not uniformly benign. Tumor necrosis and lymphovascular invasion likely should receive greater adverse prognostic weight. LCCSCTs in young children may show benign outcomes despite several adverse pathologic features.

Outcome of dogs with bone marrow suppression secondary to Sertoli cell tumour.

Sertoli cell tumours are one of the most common canine testicular neoplasia. These tumours are significantly more likely to arise in cryptorchid dogs and are often functional, oestrogen-secreting tumours which can lead to fatal myelotoxicity. The goal of this study was to describe the outcome of dogs with oestrogen-induced bone marrow suppression secondary to Sertoli cell tumours in seven client-owned dogs. Medical records from April 1, 2011 through April 1, 2021 were reviewed to identify dogs that underwent surgical management of a Sertoli cell tumour with documented bone marrow suppression. Overall, 5/7 dogs required transfusion of blood products peri-operatively. Cases 1 and 6 received a transfusion of packed red blood cells (RBC) prior to surgery and case 5 required a transfusion of whole blood. Case 1 also required a transfusion of platelets before surgery. Post-operatively, cases 1 and 2 received packed RBC's and case 6 received two transfusions of whole blood. Case 3 required transfusions of both fresh frozen plasma and platelets post-operatively. All dogs survived to discharge and 6/7 dogs had documented improvement in haematopoietic values. Two dogs remained chronically thrombocytopenic. The median hospital stay was 4 days. One dog died within 4 weeks of surgery from worsening pancytopenia. Survival for greater than 1 year was documented in 4/7 dogs, and one dog was lost to follow-up 4 months post-operatively. One dog remained severely pancytopenic 4 weeks post-operatively and received oral lithium treatment. Improvements in all blood cell lines were observed within the 4 weeks and resolution of pancytopenia within 6 weeks. Historically, the prognosis for dogs with bone marrow suppression secondary to Sertoli cell tumours was guarded to poor. This report documented improved outcomes for dogs that underwent surgery, including one dog that received lithium chloride as treatment for Sertoli cell tumour-induced bone marrow suppression.

[Diagnosis and treatment of rare testicular tumors using the example of malignant mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis testis and Sertoli cell tumors]. / Diagnose und Therapie seltener Hodentumoren am Beispiel des malignen Mesothelioms der Tunica vaginalis testis und Sertoli-Zell-Tumoren.

BACKGROUND: Rare tumors of the testis not originating from germinal epithelium are a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. OBJECTIVES: To present current approaches in rare tumors of the testis using the examples of Sertoli cell tumor (SCT) and malignant mesothelioma of the tunica vaginal testis (MMTVT). METHODS: A literature search in PubMed and the abstract databases of ASCO and ESMO was performed. Articles and book chapters were selected based on relevance to everyday treatment. RESULTS: The low incidence of testicular tumors not originating from the germinal epithelium makes a standardized approach difficult. Diagnosis and treatment depend on the underlying diagnosis. While most SCT are benign, malignant subtypes require extensive resection including metastatic surgery if complete resection is possible. In MMTVT, multimodality treatment concepts are followed, according to the malignant mesotheliomas of the pleura. CONCLUSION: Systematic registration of rare testicular tumors and comprehensive molecular pathological analysis are urgently needed to improve the understanding of tumor biology and to develop new therapeutic strategies.

Sertoli cell tumor/mixed germ cell-stromal cell tumor as separate neoplasms in a bilaterally cryptorchid dog.

An 11-year-old miniature poodle dog was presented with bilateral flank alopecia, gynecomastia, severe thrombocytopenia, and preputial edema. Based on characteristic clinical and hematological findings of hyperestrogenism and the presence of a caudal abdominal mass, a Sertoli cell tumor (SCT) was diagnosed. After a platelet concentrate transfusion, the SCT was surgically removed in addition to an atrophied contralateral testicle containing a mixed germ cell-stromal cell tumor. Recovery was uneventful. This combination of different neoplasms in separate testicles has yet to be documented. Key clinical message: This case of a SCT/mixed germ cell-stromal cell tumor combination in a bilaterally abdominal cryptorchid dog highlights common clinical signs associated with hyperestrogenism and the management of estrogen-induced myelotoxicity causing severe thrombocytopenia.

Un caniche miniature âgé de 11 ans fut présenté avec alopécie bilatérale des flancs, gynécomastie, thrombocytopénie sévère et oedème préputial. Sur la base des trouvailles cliniques et hématologiques caractéristiques d'hyperoestrogénisme et la présence d'une masse abdominale caudale, une tumeur à cellules de Sertoli (SCT) fut diagnostiquée. À la suite d'une transfusion d'un concentré de plaquettes, la SCT fut retirée chirurgicalement en plus d'un testicule controlatéral atrophié contenant une tumeur mixte à cellules germinales-cellules stromales. La guérison s'est passée sans problème. Cette combinaison de néoplasmes différents dans des testicules séparés n'avait jamais été documentée.Message clinique clé :Ce cas de combinaison de SCT/tumeur mixte cellules germinales-cellules stromales chez un chien cryptorchide abdominal bilatéral met en lumière les signes cliniques fréquents associés avec l'hyperoestrogénisme et la gestion de myélotoxicité induite par les oestrogènes causant une thrombocytopénie sévère.(Traduit par Dr Serge Messier).

Large-cell calcifying Sertoli cell tumour with macrocalcification in partially resected testis of young adult patient.

INTRODUCTION: There are less than 100 cases of Large-cell calcifying Sertoli cell tumour (LCCSCT) reported in English literature. Most of them are benign, bilateral and affect paediatric population. Malignant cases occur in older patients. LCCSCT is often associated with Carney complex or Peutz-Jaghers syndrome. We present the clinicopathological features of a young adult, with unilateral "stone-like" LCCSCT, without changes in hormonal status and no clinical characteristics of noted genetic disorders. CASE REPORT: A 24-year-old male presented with painless hardening of the right testis. There was no gynaecomastia, and serum levels of human chorionic gonadotropin and α-fetoprotein were normal. Ultrasound depicted hyperechogenic, clearly demarcated intratesticular lesion. Partial orchiectomy was performed. Macroscopically, tumour appeared as almost entirely calcified round mass, measuring 10 mm. Histopathological evaluation showed well-circumscribed, unencapsulated tumour composed of massive calcified geographic formations, surrounded with tumour cells. Neoplastic cells were large, polygonal, with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm, and formed irregular cords, pseudo tubular structures, and nests in a fibrous and myxoid stroma, surrounded with lymphocytes. Other forms of calcification were also present: Needle-like deposits and lamellar, mulberry-like structures. There was no necrosis, mitotic activity and nuclear pleomorphism. Immunohistochemical study was positive for inhibin α and negative for Melan A, EMA, synaptophysin, chromogranin and AFP. DISCUSSION: LCCSCT needs to be differentiated from other, more frequent, sex cord stromal tumours. Clinical and genetical evaluation of these patients had to be performed, due to connection of LCCSCT with genetic abnormalities. In evidently benign cases, organ-sparing surgery should be considered for younger patients, followed by long term follow-up.

Prepubertal Malignant Large Cell Calcifying Sertoli Cell Tumor of the Testis.

An otherwise healthy 7-year-old boy was diagnosed with malignant large cell calcifying Sertoli cell tumor (LCCSCT) of the testis. He underwent attempted partial orchiectomy with conversion to radical orchiectomy due to suspected malignancy on intraoperative frozen section. There was no lymph node or visceral metastases. To our knowledge, this is the first report of malignant LCCSCT in the prepubertal population. LCCSCT of the testis is an extremely rare neoplasm, with low malignant potential. Malignant cases are exclusively reported previously in the adult population. We report the first case of malignant LCCSCT in a pediatric patient. We review the literatures and discuss the clinical, pathologic features and treatments of malignant LCCSCT.

Estrogen-induced myelotoxicity in a 4-year-old golden retriever dog due to a Sertoli cell tumor.

A 4-year-old, unilateral cryptorchid golden retriever dog was presented to the Ontario Veterinary College Health Sciences Centre with gynecomastia, dribbling urine, lethargy, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia. A Sertoli cell tumor was diagnosed in a cryptorchid testicle with estrogen-induced myelotoxicity. The tumor was removed and bone marrow regenerated within 4 months.

Myélotoxicité induite par l'oestrogène chez un chien Golden retriever âgé de 4 ans causée par une tumeur à cellules de Sertoli. Un chien Golden retriever âgé de 4 ans avec cryptorchidie unilatérale a été présenté au Centre des sciences de la santé de l'Ontario Veterinary College atteint de gynécomastie, d'incontinence urinaire, de léthargie, de neutropénie et de thrombocytopénie. Une tumeur à cellules de Sertoli a été diagnostiquée dans un testicule cryptorchide avec de la myélotoxicité induite par l'oestrogène. La tumeur a été excisée et la moelle osseuse s'est régénérée dans un délai de 4 mois.(Traduit par Isabelle Vallières).

Testis Sparing Surgery for Benign Testicular Masses: Diagnostics and Therapeutic Approaches.

PURPOSE: Small benign testicular masses are often misinterpreted as germ cell tumors and immediate inguinal orchiectomy is performed. We analyzed the diagnostic and therapeutic workup of testicular masses to improve preoperative stratification algorithms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective, single center analysis of the records of 522 patients diagnosed with primary testicular masses of unknown malignant potential. RESULTS: A total of 28 patients (5%) showed a primary benign tumor after resection, including Leydig cell tumors in 9 (32%), epidermoid cysts in 9 (32%), adenomatoid tumors in 8 (29%) and Sertoli cell tumors in 2 (7%). The median volume of benign tumors was significantly less than that of malignant tumors (0.75 cm3, range 0.1 to 2.1 vs 15, range 4.5-39.9, p ≤0.001). At a cutoff of 2.8 cm3 tumor volume most accurately differentiated between benign and malignant disease, and it was a predictor of malignancy with 83% sensitivity and 89% specificity (OR 1.389, 95% CI 1.035-1.864, p = 0.029). Symptom duration in patients with benign tumors was significantly longer (365 days, range 25.5 to 365 vs 20, range 7 to 42, p ≤0.001). Also, tumor markers were unaltered in benign lesions. In patients with benign tumors significantly more fertility disorders or cryptorchidism were found (p ≤0.001) as well as a tendency toward lower testosterone (3.9 µg/l, range 0.9 to 4.9 vs 5.3, range 3.5 to 6.8, p = 0.084). Testis sparing surgery was performed in 22 of all patients (79%) with benign tumors. There was no case of relapse during followup. CONCLUSIONS: Nongerm cell tumors should be considered when small testicular masses have a volume of less than 2.8 cm3 and there are hormone disorders or normal tumor markers. Immediate orchiectomy should be avoided, favoring testis sparing surgery.

Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser Syndrome With Bilateral Ovarian Sertoli Cell Tumors: Review of the Literature and Report of a Rare Case.

BACKGROUND: Patients with Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome are infertile secondary to hypoplasia or complete agenesis of the uterus, yet they remain at risk of primary neoplasms of the ovaries because embryologically the uterus and ovaries develop via separate mechanisms. CASE: A 72-year-old nulliparous woman with a history of primary amenorrhea underwent an exploratory laparotomy for a suspected uterine fibroid. In addition to the pelvic mass, the patient was found to have findings consistent with MRKH syndrome. Postoperative pathological examination demonstrated bilateral ovarian Sertoli cell tumors. CONCLUSIONS: The case presented is unique in that 2 rare pathologies, bilateral Sertoli cell tumors of the ovary and MRKH syndrome, developed concomitantly in the same patient.

Organ-sparing surgery for large cell calcifying Sertoli cell tumour in a patient with Carney complex.

Carney complex is a rare genetic disease characterised by a complex of myxomas, spotty pigmentation and endocrine overactivity. At diagnosis, about one-third of male patients presents with testicular tumours, namely large cell calcifying Sertoli cell tumours, which are often multicentric and/or bilateral and have a low malignant potential. Although radical orchiectomy is the gold standard for the treatment of testicular neoplasms, a conservative approach with partial orchiectomy or tumourectomy may be the best treatment option for these patients, allowing the preservation of endocrine function, fertility and body image. We present a case of a 19-year-old man with a known history of Carney complex with early identification of a small testicular tumour treated with organ-sparing surgery.

Benign Large-cell Calcifying Sertoli Tumor of the Testis in a 13-Year-Old Male Patient Treated With Partial Orchiectomy.

Large-cell calcifying Sertoli cell tumor (LCCSCT) of the testis is an exceptionally rare lesion, found sparsely in any medical literature. There is a correlation between this entity and Peutz-Jeghers syndrome and Carney complex (40% of tumors). The remaining 60% of tumors are sporadic. A 13-year-old male patient underwent a left partial orchiectomy. Intraoperative frozen section was used, and pathology revealed a benign LCCSCT with negative margins. To our knowledge, there is not a case in the literature of an LCCSCT being treated with partial orchiectomy in a pubertal male with a normal contralateral testis.

An adolescent with large cell calcifying sertoli cell tumor of the testis and undiagnosed Carney Complex: A case report.

Carney Complex (CNC) is a rare autosomal dominant condition with characteristic clinical presentation, tumor development, and unique genetic mutation. We present a unique case and literature review of CNC in which two neoplasms characteristic of this complex were initially diagnosed through cytological fine needle aspirate specimens, leading to the identification of CNC, with subsequent surgical and cytogenetic confirmation. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2017;45:634-639. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Macroscopic Sertoli cell nodule of the testis containing numerous spermatogonia.

Sertoli cell nodule consists of clusters of seminiferous tubules composed of immature Sertoli cells and, in some cases, spermatogonia. We report a case of macroscopic Sertoli cell nodule that occurred in the descended left testis of a 26-year-old man. The nodule was centrally located and measured 1.7cm in greatest dimension, the largest such lesion reported to date. Spermatogonia were prominent, a feature that is particularly common in the larger nodules. Macroscopic Sertoli cell nodules (greater than 0.5cm) typically occur in a descended testis. The age range of patients in cases reported since the year 2000 is 19-36 years. Unlike incidental Sertoli cell nodules, macroscopic Sertoli cell nodules containing numerous germ cells can be mistaken for several other Sertoli cell and germ cell lesions and neoplasms.