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1.
Pediatr Emerg Care ; 33(11): 745-747, 2017 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26785091

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to compare the traditional and newer temporal bone fracture classification systems and their reliability in predicting serious outcomes of hearing loss and facial nerve (FN) injury. METHODS: We queried the medical record database for hospital visits from 2002 to 2013 related to the search term temporal. A total of 1144 records were identified, and of these, 46 records with documented temporal bone fractures were reviewed for patient age, etiology and classification of the temporal bone fracture, FN examination, and hearing status. Of these records, radiology images were available for 38 patients and 40 fractures. RESULTS: Thirty-eight patients with accessible radiologic studies, aged 10 months to 16 years, were identified as having 40 temporal bone fractures for which the otolaryngology service was consulted. Twenty fractures (50.0%) were classified as longitudinal, 5 (12.5%) as transverse, and 15 (37.5%) as mixed. Using the otic capsule sparing (OCS)/violating nomenclature, 32 (80.0%) of fractures were classified as OCS, 2 (5.0%) otic capsule violating (OCV), and 6 (15.0%) could not be classified using this system. The otic capsule was involved in 1 (5%) of the longitudinal fractures, none of the transverse fractures, and 1 (6.7%) of the mixed fractures. Sensorineural hearing loss was found in only 2 fractures (5.0%) and conductive hearing loss (CHL) in 6 fractures (15.0%). Two fractures (5.0%) had ipsilateral facial palsy but no visualized fracture through the course of the FN canal. Neither the longitudinal/transverse/mixed nor OCS/OCV classifications were predictors of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), CHL, or FN involvement by Fisher exact statistical analysis (for SNHL: P = 0.37 vs 0.16; for CHL: P = 0.71 vs 0.33; for FN: P = 0.62 vs 0.94, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: In this large pediatric series, neither classification system of longitudinal/transverse/mixed nor OCS/OCV was predictive of SNHL, CHL, or FN palsy. A more robust database of audiologic results would be helpful in demonstrating this relationship.


Subject(s)
Facial Paralysis/etiology , Hearing Loss/etiology , Skull Fractures/classification , Temporal Bone/injuries , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Databases, Factual , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Reproducibility of Results , Skull Fractures/complications
2.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-908110

ABSTRACT

Antecedentes: las lesiones en el hueso temporal ocurren en el 30 a 70% de los casos de traumatismo de cráneo cerrado, siendo los accidentes automovilísticos causa del 31%. En general, las líneas de fractura corren paralelas a la línea del golpe entregado y se extienden a través de los agujeros de la base del cráneo, puntos débiles del hueso temporal. Estas se denominan como longitudinal o transversal, a pesar de que la mayoría son en realidad mixtas. Las fracturas bilaterales tienen una incidencia menor de 8-29%. Objetivo: Analizar los tipos de fracturas temporales más frecuentes y las modificaciones de éstas sobre su anatomía en correlación con la clínica del paciente y los exámenes de TAC. Diseño: Retrospectivo de corte transversal. Población: Niños y adultos jóvenes de ambos sexos. Método: Es un trabajo retrospectivo transversal con revisión de historias clínicas de niños y adultos jóvenes, más disecciones microanatómicas en cadáveres adultos de ambos sexos, fijados en formol al 10%. Resultados: Se recolectaron 10 pacientes; 8 de sexo masculino y 2 femeninos, del total 2 son niños. Todos con procedencia de Córdoba, consultan por zumbido, hipoacusia y mareo o desequilibrio postraumático. Uno de ellos niño de 13 años con hipoacusia bilateral y supuración de oído. Al grupo se suma una parálisis facial recuperada con tratamiento clínico. Conclusiones: El conocimiento de la anatomía, con el apoyo de la tomografía computada de oído, y los estudios audiológicos son fundamentales para el diagnóstico clínico y topográfico de la lesión.


Background: lesions occur in the temporal bone in the 30 to 70% of cases of closed skull trauma. Being car accidents cause 31%. In general, the fracture lines run parallel to the line of blow delivered and extend through the holes to the skull base, temporal bone weak points. These are denominate as longitudinal or transverseal, though most are actually mixed. The bilateral fractures have a lower incidence of 8-29%. Objetive: analize the types of temporal fractures the most frequent and modifications of these on their anatomy correlated with the patient’s clinical and computed tomography exams. Design: transversal cut retrospective. Population: children and young adults of both sexes. Method: it is a transversal retrospective study with review of clinical records of children and young adults more microanatomic dissections in adult cadavers of both sexes, fixed in 10% formalin. Results: 10 patients were collected; 8 male and 2 female, total 2 are children. All of them are from Córdoba, complaining of tinnitus, hearing loss and dizziness or post traumatic imbalance. The age average is to 22 years old. The 50% is given by automobile accidents, also presented cases of labor accident, drop height and flattening. One of them, a child to 13 years old with bilateral hearing loss and ear drainage. The group adds a facial paralysis recovered with clinical treatment. Conclusions: knowledge of anatomy, with supported by computed tomography ear, and audiological studies are essential for clinical diagnosis and topographic of the lesion.


Antecedentes: as lesões no osso temporal ocorrem em 30% a 70% dos casos de traumatismo de crânio fechado, sendo os acidentes automobilísticos causa de 31%. Em geral, as linhas de fratura correm paralelas à linha do golpe e se estendem através dos orifícios da base do crânio, pontos frágeis do osso temporal. Estas são denominadas como longitudinal ou transversal, a pesar de, na verdade, a maioria ser mista. As fraturas bilaterais tem uma incidência menor de 8-29%. Objetivo: Analisar os tipos de fraturas temporais mais frequentes e as modificações destas sobre a sua anatomia em correlação com a clínica do paciente e os exames de TAC. Desenho: Retrospectivo de corte transversal População: Crianças e jovens adultos em ambos os sexos. Método: É um trabalho retrospectivo transversal com revisão de histórias clínicas de crianças e jovens adultos mais dissecações microanatômicas em cadáveres adultos de ambos os sexos, conservados em formol a 10%. Resultados: Foram coletados 10 pacientes: 8 do sexo masculino e 2 femininos, dos quais 2 são crianças. Todos oriundos de Córdoba, consultam por zumbido, hipoacusia e tontura ou desequilíbrio póstraumático. Um desses pacientes, um adolescente de 13 anos com hipoacusia bilateral e supuração do ouvido. Ao grupo, soma-se uma paralisia facial recuperada com tratamento clínico. Conclusões: O conhecimento da anatomia, com o apoio da tomografia computadorizada de ouvido e os estudos audiológicos, é fundamental para o diagnóstico clínico e topográfico da lesão.


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Humans , Adolescent , Child , Young Adult , Temporal Bone/anatomy & histology , Temporal Bone/injuries , Skull Fractures/classification , Skull Fractures/diagnosis
3.
Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am ; 24(2): 265-74, ix, 2012 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22386855

ABSTRACT

The traditional treatment of frontal sinus fractures is undergoing a review by many clinicians. This review will undoubtedly contribute to the existing controversy surrounding the management of patients with this condition. This article seeks to further the review and suggest the authors' perspective on a more appropriate approach to the care of patients with frontal sinus injuries.


Subject(s)
Craniotomy/methods , Fracture Fixation/methods , Frontal Sinus/injuries , Frontal Sinus/surgery , Skull Fractures/surgery , Algorithms , Endoscopy , Frontal Sinus/anatomy & histology , Humans , Postoperative Complications , Skull Fractures/classification
4.
J Craniofac Surg ; 22(4): 1251-5, 2011 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21772206

ABSTRACT

Pediatric maxillofacial trauma is a challenge for surgeons. There are no completely defined protocols, and sometimes, the initial management could be complex. The aim of this research was to perform a retrospective study to analyze the pattern and treatment of maxillofacial fractures in pediatric and adolescent patients. We reviewed the clinical records of 2986 patients treated at the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Division of Piracicaba Dental School between 1999 and 2008. Seven hundred fifty-seven patients were younger than 18 years and were divided into 3 groups according to age; the age and sex of the patients, etiology, fractures and associated injury, treatment, and complications were evaluated. Five hundred thirty boys (70.01%) and 227 girls (29.99%) were treated for injuries with major prevalence in adolescents. The most common injury causes were bicycle accidents (29.06%) and falls (28.40%). The mandible was the most fractured bone (44.8%); associated injuries were lacerations of the soft tissue and dental trauma. Surgical treatment was performed in 75 cases (30%) with minor complications (10% of surgical patients). We conclude that maxillofacial trauma in child is associated to fall and bicycle accidents; the mandible is more affected than other maxillofacial structures, and frequently, nonsurgical treatment is performed.


Subject(s)
Facial Bones/injuries , Maxillofacial Injuries/epidemiology , Skull Fractures/epidemiology , Accidental Falls/statistics & numerical data , Adolescent , Age Factors , Bicycling/injuries , Brazil/epidemiology , Child , Child, Preschool , Facial Injuries/epidemiology , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Fracture Fixation, Internal/statistics & numerical data , Humans , Infant , Lacerations/epidemiology , Male , Mandibular Fractures/epidemiology , Maxillofacial Injuries/classification , Maxillofacial Injuries/therapy , Nasal Bone/injuries , Postoperative Complications/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies , Sex Factors , Skull Fractures/classification , Skull Fractures/therapy , Tooth Injuries/epidemiology , Zygomatic Fractures/epidemiology
5.
J Oral Maxillofac Surg ; 62(5): 582-6, 2004 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15122564

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate complications occurring after immediate reconstruction of severe frontal sinus fractures, including cases where the fracture was not limited to the anterior wall and also involved the posterior wall and/or sinus floor. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The records of twenty-six patients presently undergoing follow-up for frontal sinus fracture reconstruction were reviewed. Information regarding demographics, fracture characteristics and causes, associated facial fractures, use of grafts or implants, type of fixation used, nasofrontal duct management, use of antibiotics, and complications were noted. Patients were asked to return for clinical and radiographic follow-up to access late complications. RESULTS: The average age of patients with frontal fractures was 29.1 years and 92.3% were male. Mean follow-up was 3.6 years. The most common causes of fracture were motor vehicle accidents and physical aggression. All patients presented with comminuted and dislocated anterior wall fractures, 34.6% presented with posterior wall fractures, and 46% had sinus floor fractures. Complications occurred in 7 patients (26.92%) and included pneumoencephalus, frontal cutaneous fistula, frontal bone irregularity, and sinusitis. CONCLUSIONS: Frontal sinus reconstruction is a good procedure for immediate fracture treatment if there is not excessive comminution, dislocation, or instability of the posterior wall and if the frontonasal duct area is intact or can be repaired. Most complications result from incorrect indication for reconstruction.


Subject(s)
Frontal Sinus/injuries , Skull Fractures/surgery , Accidents, Traffic , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Bone Transplantation , Child , Facial Bones/injuries , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Fracture Fixation, Internal , Fractures, Comminuted/surgery , Frontal Sinusitis/etiology , Humans , Joint Dislocations/surgery , Male , Middle Aged , Postoperative Complications , Prostheses and Implants , Plastic Surgery Procedures/adverse effects , Skull Fractures/classification
6.
J. bras. med ; 79(3): 69-73, set. 2000. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-296379

ABSTRACT

Os acidentes automobilísticos implicam numa série de lesões traumáticas, ocasionando, freqüentemente, fraturas ósseas. Este trabalho visa ao levantamento dos principais tipos de fraturas ósseas ocasionadas por acidentes de automóvel que dão entrada em um serviço de emergênia, bem como à comparação de sua incidência com outras causas variadas. Realizou-se uma revisão retrospectiva de 100 casos de fraturas por acidentes de automóvel e de 100 casos de fraturas de causas variadas, durante o ano de 1996. As fraturas craniofaciais (28 por cento) de fêmur (15 por cento) tíbia (13 por cento) e de anel pélvico (10 por cento) representaram neste estudo as fraturas mais comuns ocasionadas por acidentes de automóvel. Estima-se que 66 por cento das fraturas ósseas em acidentes automobilísticos ocorram no crânio/face, fêmur, tíbia ou anel pélvico. Nas causas diversas essa proporção baixou para 35 por cento. Essa diferença foi estatisticamente significativa


Subject(s)
Accidents, Traffic , Tibial Fractures/classification , Femoral Fractures/classification , Fractures, Bone/classification , Pelvic Bones , Skull Fractures/classification
7.
Rev. bras. ortop ; 29(3): 136-8, mar. 1994. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-199889

ABSTRACT

A fratura de côndilo occipital, afecçäo rara, primeiramente descrita por Bell em 1817, requer para seu diagnóstico alto grau de suspeiçäo, sendo este dificultado pela freqüente associaçäo desta com trauma craniencefálico e seus comemorativos clínicos. Contando até 1987 com apenas 20 casos descritos em literatura, segundo Anderson & Montesano, essas fraturas säo observadas principalmente em jovens envolvidos em acidentes com trauma de grande energia, podendo estar ou näo associadas a fraturas de vértebras cervicais. Nosso objetivo neste trabalho é apresentar revisäo bibliográfica do tema e três casos de fratura do côndilo occipital, diagnosticados e tratados no Serviço de Coluna Vertebral do Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Säo Paulo, ocorridos nos anos de 1985 a 1993. Concluímos que essas lesöes devem ser tratadas conservadoramente, com especial atençäo para as lesöes consideradas instáveis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Occipital Bone/injuries , Skull Fractures , Skull Fractures/classification
8.
Rev. sanid. mil ; 48(1): 1-4, ene.-feb. 1994. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-143210

ABSTRACT

Los traumatismos craneofaciales son frecuentes en nuestro medio; los graves se han referido en la literatura mundial con una incidencia de hasta 30.5 por ciento de fracturas frontobasales. La valoración y tratamiento de este tipo de lesiones ha llamado la atención a los médicos de varias especialidades. Se ha demostrado la ventaja de efectuar un tratamiento multidisciplinario en este tipo de fracturas. Será necesario establecer la serie de datos mínimos que deberían obtenerse del paciente con traumatismo craneofacial para conservar una vigilancia epidemiológica continua que permita identificar posibles mejorías al tratamiento. A pesar de la alta frecuencia del traumatismo craneofacial en nuestro medio, uno de los obstáculos con los que se enfrenta el personal médico de cirugía de cabeza y cuello ante este accidente es la falta de sistemas de seguimiento y protocolos para el tratamiento, mediante los cuales se les facilita tener presentes la mayor parte de los datos de interés con una secuencia lógica, ordenada, completa y de fácil manejo, para no pasar por alto factores de riesgo, clasificaciones, cuadro clínico, formas de tratamiento, así como el muy indispensable seguimiento para valorar la evolución. La disposición de una hoja de captura de datos en el momento de la atención al paciente podría permitir un mejor análisis de los que ocurre cuando hay mayor capacidad para identificar las alteraciones. En consecuencia, esto permitirá una mejor posición para establecer soluciones correctas


Subject(s)
Child , Adolescent , Adult , Humans , Female , Male , Skull Fractures/surgery , Skull Fractures/classification , Accidents/trends , Accidents/statistics & numerical data , Craniocerebral Trauma/classification , Craniocerebral Trauma/therapy , Maxillary Fractures/surgery
9.
Arq. bras. neurocir ; 12(1): 1-21, mar. 1993. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-143843

ABSTRACT

Lesöes combinadas do complexo craniofacial e da base do crânio säo comumente vistas como o resultado de acidentes de alta velocidade. Levando-se em conta a gravidade destes pacientes e o risco de lesöes associadas, um tratamento inicial por uma equipe multidisciplinar é requerido. Ao neurocirurgiäo e ao cirurgiäo craniofacial, cabe o cuidado a ser dispensado no sentido de uma correta definiçäo das lesöes, levando-se em consideraçäo o risco de severas complicaçöes, se uma lesäo dural for negligenciada. A relativa falta de sintomas na fase aguda, se compara com a severidade do politrauma, contrasta com o trágico futuro que pode ser observado. Uma avaliaçäo sistemática e precisa da regiäo afetada e a determinaçäo de critérios para uma intervençäo se apresentam como a chave para um correto manuseio das fraturas craniofaciais. O propósito do presente trabalho é apresentar dados referentes ao diagnóstico clínico e radiológico e estabelecer critérios para uma indicaçäo cirúrgica destas lesöes


Subject(s)
Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Male , Female , Facial Bones/injuries , Fistula/diagnosis , Skull Fractures , Aged, 80 and over , Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea , Encephalocele , Facial Bones , Fistula/etiology , Skull Fractures/classification , Skull Fractures/complications , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
10.
Cir. pediátr ; Cir. pediátr;6(1): 18-23, feb.-mayo 1987. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-123381

ABSTRACT

El presente estudio tiene como objetivo analizar el tratamiento y pronóstico de 77 casos con fractura craneal deprimida en niños hospitalizados en el Servicio de Neurocirugía del Hospital del Niño. Los casos provienen de la revisión de 1,300 historias clínicas, correspondiendo al 5.92 por ciento. Se usa el Método Descriptivo-Retrospectivo. El 72.7 por ciento tuvo como edad de 2 a 11 años. El 61 por ciento correspondió al sexo masculino. Las caídas de altura y accidentes de tránsito fueron las causa predominantes. El 11.6 por ciento presentó laceración cerebral y el 5.1 por ciento hematomas yuxtadurales. Las fracturas correspondieron mayormente a regiones fronto-parietal derecha e izquierda. Recibieron tratamiento quirúrgico 66 pacientes, tan pronto como fueron hospitalizados, realizándose unicamente levantamiento óseo en el 66.6 por ciento. En el resto se realizaron también extracción de hematoma, cierre de desgarro de duramadre, plastía con periostio o con duramadre homóloga almacenada, y extracción de parénquima cerebral lacerado. Se observó como complicaciones: infección de herida 3.8 por ciento, fístula de L.c.r. 2.5 por ciento y meningitis en 1.2 por ciento. Como secuelas neurológicas se observó signos focales de leve magnitud 3.9 por ciento, afasia 2.6 por ciento y cefalea 1.2 por ciento. Solamente falleció un paciente. Se concluye que el levantamiento óseo es el tratamiento quirúrgico mayormente realizado en el niño con fracturas craneales deprimidas, existiendo mínimas complicaciones y secuelas, y solamente 1.2 por ciento de mortalidad. Además el pronóstico fué bueno en un seguimiento promedio de 3 meses


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Fractures, Bone/surgery , Skull Fractures/classification , Fractures, Bone , Peru , Skull Fractures/complications , Skull Fractures/therapy
11.
In. Psillakis, Jorge Miguel; Zanini, Silvio Antonio; Mélega, José Marcos; Costa, Edgard Alves; Cruz, Ricardo Lopes. Cirurgia craniomaxilofacial: osteotomias estéticas da face. Rio de Janeiro, Medsi, 1987. p.595-8, ilus.
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO - Dentistry | ID: lil-256055
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