An examination of the influence of procedurally just strategies on legal cynicism among urban youth experiencing police contact.

Adolescents experience more police-initiated contacts resulting from relatively minor infractions than any other group, and often these interactions do not result in notable legal consequences. However, such interactions may have long-term consequences for adolescent perceptions of the justice system. Using data from the age 15 wave of the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, our study examines associations between situational and process features of police contact and legal cynicism in adolescence, accounting for demographic characteristics, self-reported delinquency, neighborhood context, and stop outcome. Relative to youth who experienced only vicarious police contact, youth who had direct or both direct and vicarious police contact reported higher levels of legal cynicism. Youth perceptions of procedural justice were associated with lower legal cynicism. Situational features of police contact such as harsh language and frisking were related to higher legal cynicism. Directions for future research, including the need for longitudinal research on this topic, are discussed.

Police contact and health among urban adolescents: The role of perceived injustice.

This research evaluates whether personal and vicarious police contact are related to self and caregiver-reports of teen health and to what extent these associations vary by perceptions of procedural injustice. We analyzed longitudinal health data collected from adolescents in the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (N = 3435), alongside teen self-reports of whether they were stopped by the police or experienced vicarious police contact, and if so, their perceptions of procedural injustice in these encounters. We estimated regression models with lagged dependent variables and a propensity score weighting approach. Our analysis yielded four important results. First, participants who reported personal or vicarious police stops had worse self-reported health in adolescence than their counterparts with no contact. Second, both types of police contact were unrelated to caregiver reports of adolescent health and inconsistently related to somatic symptoms. Third, procedural injustice exacerbated the relationship between both personal and vicarious contact and diminished self-reported health. Finally, the associations between police contact and self-reported health were stronger among black and Hispanic adolescents than white ones. Our results highlight personal and vicarious police contact, particularly instances viewed as procedurally unjust, as commonly experienced adverse health events among urban adolescents.

La gobernanza compartida y la razonabilidad como aportaciones éticas a la política sanitaria / Shared governance and reasonableness as ethical contributions to health policy

La salud es uno de los derechos humanos fundamentales. Reconocerla como tal conlleva la obligación estatal de garantizar un mínimo de oportunidades para mantenerla o recuperarla cuando se pierde. Ese mínimo puede quedar sin cubrir en épocas de crisis económica, como la que estamos viviendo. La medicina gestionada (managed care) centrada en lo económico surgió tras la crisis de 1973, con el objetivo de condicionar las decisiones clínicas por factores económicos. En la práctica, la medicina gestionada convirtió el control de los costes económicos en un fin en sí mismo olvidando la equidad, por lo que ha sido cuestionada éticamente. Desde entonces, muchos autores han afrontado la tarea de compatibilizar eficiencia y equidad en la gestión sanitaria, pero el debate sigue abierto. Partiendo de los pensamientos de Jennifer P. Ruger y Norman Daniels, defendemos que la gobernanza sanitaria compartida y la rendición de cuentas atendiendo a criterios de razonabilidad pueden ser dos importantes aportaciones éticas para lograr un sistema sanitario eficiente y justo. En el modelo que proponemos, tanto los ciudadanos como los profesionales y las instituciones sanitarias juegan su papel en cuanto al desarrollo de capacidades en el ámbito de la salud. Tales capacidades se refieren a estilos de vida saludables, información accesible y transparente, promoción de autocuidados, adquisición de conocimientos, habilidades y actitudes adecuadas, liderazgo basado en valores y co-responsabilidad para alcanzar los objetivos establecidos de modo razonable. Si desarrollamos estas capacidades habremos aprovechado la actual crisis económica como oportunidad de mejora ética en el ámbito sanitario (AU)

Health is one of the fundamental human rights. Recognizing it as a right means that the State has an obligation to ensure a minimum level of opportunities is maintained, and to restore it when lost. This minimum level may not be covered in periods of economic crisis, such as the one we are currently experiencing.Managed care, focused on economic questions, emerged after the crisis of 1973 in order to help make clinical decisions based on economic factors. In practice, the result of managed care was to turn economic cost control into an end in itself while forgetting about equity; something for which it has been challenged from an ethical perspective. Since then, many authors have attempted to reconcile efficiency and equity in health management, but the debate remains open.In this article, and basing our approach on the theories of P. Ruger and Norman Daniels, we argue that shared health governance and accountability for reasonableness can offer significant ethical contributions in the process of achieving an efficient and fair health system. In the model we propose, citizens, professionals and health institutions all play an active role in capacity building in the field of health. These capacities are related to healthy lifestyles, accessible and transparent information, the promotion of self-care, the acquisition of knowledge, skills and appropriate attitudes, leadership based on values and co-responsibility to achieve set goals in a reasonable way. If we develop these capacities, we will have used the current economic crisis as an opportunity for improving ethical practice in the field of health (AU)