ABSTRACT
Background The definitions that are being used for the terms 'clinical pharmacy' and 'pharmaceutical care' seem to have a certain overlap. Responsibility for therapy outcomes seems to be especially linked to the latter term. Both terms need clarification before a proper definition of clinical pharmacy can be drafted. Objective To identify current disagreements regarding the term 'Clinical Pharmacy' and its relationship to 'Pharmaceutical Care' and to assess to which extent pharmacists with an interest in Clinical Pharmacy are willing to accept responsibility for drug therapy outcomes. Setting The membership of the European Society of Clinical Pharmacy. Methods A total of 1,285 individuals affiliated with the European Society of Clinical Pharmacy were invited by email to participate in an online survey asking participants to state whether certain professional activities, providers, settings, aims and general descriptors constituted (a) 'Clinical Pharmacy only', (b) 'Pharmaceutical Care only', (c) 'both' or (d) 'neither'. Further questions examined pharmacists' willingness to accept ethical or legal responsibility for drug therapy outcomes, under current and ideal working conditions. Main outcome measures Level of agreement with a number of statements. Results There was disagreement (<80% agreement among all participants) regarding 'Clinical Pharmacy' activities, whether non-pharmacists could provide 'Clinical Pharmacy' services, and whether such services could be provided in non-hospital settings. There was disagreement (<80% agreement among those linking items to Clinical Pharmacy) as to whether Pharmaceutical care also encompassed certain professional activities, constituted a scientific discipline and targeted cost effectiveness. The proportions of participants willing to accept legal responsibility under current/ideal working conditions were: safety (32.7%/64.3%), effectiveness (17.9%/49.2%), patient-centeredness (17.1%/46.2%), cost-effectiveness (20.3%/44.0%). Conclusions The survey identified key disagreements around the term 'Clinical Pharmacy' and its relationship to 'Pharmaceutical Care', which future discussions around a harmonised definition of 'Clinical Pharmacy' should aim to resolve. Further research is required to understand barriers and facilitators to pharmacists accepting responsibility for drug therapy outcomes.
Subject(s)
Attitude of Health Personnel , Pharmaceutical Services , Pharmacists , Pharmacy Service, Hospital/methods , Societies, Pharmaceutical , Surveys and Questionnaires , Europe , Humans , Pharmaceutical Services/classification , Pharmacists/classification , Pharmacy Service, Hospital/classification , Professional Role , Societies, Pharmaceutical/classificationABSTRACT
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Subject(s)
Humans , Societies, Pharmaceutical/ethics , Societies, Pharmaceutical/organization & administration , Patient Care/methods , Community Pharmacy Services/economics , Pharmaceutical Preparations/administration & dosage , Societies, Pharmaceutical/classification , Societies, Pharmaceutical/economics , Patient Care/standards , Community Pharmacy Services/classification , Pharmaceutical Preparations/economicsABSTRACT
Objetivos: Evaluar la calidad de llenado de las recetas médicas en los establecimientos públicos de salud del distrito de Independencia, departamento de Lima como barrera para brindar atención farmacéutica a los pacientes. Material y métodos: Estudio de diseño transversal, se emplearon recetas atendidas en las farmacias ambulatorias de todos los establecimientos de salud del distrito de Independencia (11). En el mes de noviembre 2013 se seleccionaron aleatoriamente, de cada uno de los 11 establecimientos, 384 recetas atendidas en el mes de octubre de 2013. Resultados: Se tomó de modo aleatorizado 384 recetas de cada uno de los 11 establecimientos de salud, haciendo un total de 4224 recetas. El 24% de recetas consignaban el dato del peso del paciente (IC: 22,76%-25,30%); el 34,2% mencionaba el diagnóstico (IC: 32,80%-35,62%); el 93,7% tenían descrito los medicamentos expresados en DCI (IC: 93,00-94,41%). Asimismo, solo el 11,3% consignaban la vía de administración (IC: 10,40%-12,28%) y el 41,4% señalaban la frecuencia (IC: 39,94%- 42,88%). La duración del tratamiento estuvo ausente en 32% de las recetas evaluadas (IC: 66,62%-69,41%) y solo el 5,7% tuvieron la fecha de vencimiento (IC: 5,00%-6,41%). Estos errores son barreras para la atención farmacéutica ya que dificulta la detección de problemas relacionados con medicamentos y asimismo limita la información que se pueda brindar al paciente sobre el uso de sus medicamentos. Conclusión: Se necesita de estrategias innovadoras para mejorar la prescripción de modo que no sea una barrera para poder detectar, resolver y prevenir la aparición de problemas relacionados a los medicamentos
Objectives: to evaluate the quality of prescriptions' filling in Independencias District public health facilities in the department of Lima as a barrier to provide pharmaceutical care to patients. Materials and methods: It was carried out a cross-sectional study with prescriptions from the outpatients pharmacies of all the Independencias District health facilities (11). During the month of November 2013, 384 prescriptions that have been assisted in October were randomly selected of each of the health facilities. Results: 384 prescriptions were randomly selected of each of the 11 health facilities which represented a whole of 4224 prescriptions. 24% of the prescriptions recorded the patients weight (IC: 22,76%-25,30%); 34,2% included the diagnosis (IC: 32,80%- 35,62%); 93,7% included drugs expressed in INN (IC: 93,00-94,41%). Furthermore, only 11,3 mentioned the route of administration (IC: 10,40%-12,28%) and 41,4 pointed out the frequency (IC: 39,94%-42,88%). The length of treatment was missing in 32% of the evaluated prescriptions (IC: 66,62%-69,41%) and only 5,7 included the expiration date (IC: 5,00%-6,41%). These errors are barriers for the pharmaceutical care due to the fact that they make difficult the detection of problems related to drugs; on the other hand, they limit the information that can be given to a patient about the use of his/her drugs. Conclusion: Innovative strategies are needed in order to improve prescriptions so that they are not a barrier any more for the detection, solution and prevention of problems related to drugs
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Inappropriate Prescribing/ethics , Societies, Pharmaceutical/ethics , Societies, Pharmaceutical/organization & administration , Peru/ethnology , Public Health/economics , Public Health , Patient Care/ethics , Patient Care/methods , Prescription Drugs/administration & dosage , Dosage/classification , Inappropriate Prescribing/nursing , Societies, Pharmaceutical/classification , Public Health/methods , Public Health/standards , Patient Care/economics , Patient Care/standards , Abbreviations as Topic , Prescription Drugs/analysis , Prescription Drugs/classification , Dosage/prevention & controlABSTRACT
Pharmaceutical care started in the nineties in the United States and has rapidly extended in many other countries. Although there are different trends, such as clinical pharmacy services, cognitive services, medication management, medication review, they all share the same philosophy and objectives, namely "the responsible provision of drug therapy for the purpose of achieving definite outcomes that improve a patient's quality of life". To attain these objectives, a pharmaceutical care process has to be followed point-by-point in order to detect possible medication-related problems. Furthermore, pharmacists have to work together with patients, and ultimately with physicians to establish a care plan. This methodology requires basic skills of documentation and communication and therefore, it is important to establish implementation programs aimed at community-, hospital-, and consultant pharmacists, and to consider PC as a basic element of University teaching programs and postgraduate studies. Moreover, there are still barriers that hinder the provision of this service and have to be overcome. In this article, we have revised the implementation process and the existing projects in many countries and we conclude that despite the enormous amount of work, there is still much to be done from sides of Administration and pharmacists themselves.
Subject(s)
Internationality , Pharmaceutical Services/classification , Pharmaceutical Services/organization & administration , Delivery of Health Care/methods , Drug Therapy/methods , Drug Therapy/standards , Humans , Interprofessional Relations/ethics , Medical Records , Patient Care Team , Pharmaceutical Services/standards , Societies, Pharmaceutical/classification , Societies, Pharmaceutical/ethics , Societies, Pharmaceutical/organization & administrationABSTRACT
El presente texto pretende dar un servicio real a la población sobre la actualidad de las diferentes ramas de la bioquímica y farmacia. Esta guía pretende ser un aporte a la población entre la cual se ha detectado la necesidad de un mayor conocimiento de las acciones y objetivos del Colegio Departamental de Bioquímica y Farmacia. Aquí se conoce el aporte de todos los profesionales del ramo, tanto del sector público como privado y en el área rural y urbana. Mediante D.S. No. 10083/72 del 14 de enero de 1972 se constituye la colegiación de los profesionales Bioquímicos-Farmaceúticos Bolivianos. Contiene el estatuto Orgánico, Reglamento, Código de Etica y Moral, Reglamento del Código de Etica del Colegio de Bioquímica y Farmacia de Bolivia, además de los profesionales del Colegio, Profesionales registrados al Diciembre de 1994 al 1995