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1.
Rev Neurol ; 69(3): 109-112, 2019 Aug 01.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31310000

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: An arterial gas embolism is defined as the presence of air in the arterial circulation. This is an extremely rare cause of stroke that has been described in a multitude of clinical scenarios, generally related to iatrogenic processes. A clinical case is reported in which the arterial gas embolism occurred after a traumatic brain injury, and the most relevant aspects of diagnosis and aetiopathogenesis are reviewed. CASE REPORT: We report the case of a 52-year-old woman with an open craniofacial wound resulting from an attack with an axe. The initial CT scan found fractures in the left zygomatic, sphenoidal and maxillary arches, as well as pneumocephalus in the cavernous sinuses and the right carotid canal. One hour later, the patient showed a neurological deficit in the right hemisphere, and so a new cranial computed tomography scan with multimodal vascular study was urgently requested, which revealed the mobilisation of the pneumocephalus and ruled out a large vessel arterial occlusion. A shunt study using transcranial Doppler and echocardiography showed the presence of a patent foramen ovale to be the cause of arteriovenous communication that justified an arterial gas embolism. The follow-up CT scan at 48 hours confirmed the appearance of a right parietal ischaemic lesion. CONCLUSION: This case reflects the simultaneous presence of air in the arterial and venous circulation of the brain, as well as the peripheral communication through a patent foramen ovale. This production mechanism is poorly documented in the literature.


TITLE: Embolismo arterial gaseoso paradojico tras una herida incisa craneal directa.Introduccion. El embolismo arterial gaseoso se define como la presencia de aire en la circulacion arterial. Se trata de una causa extremadamente rara de ictus que se ha descrito en multitud de escenarios clinicos, generalmente relacionados con procesos yatrogenos. Se aporta un caso clinico en el que el embolismo arterial gaseoso sucedio tras un traumatismo craneoencefalico, y se revisan los aspectos mas relevantes del diagnostico y la etiopatogenia. Caso clinico. Mujer de 52 años que presentaba herida incisa craneofacial tras una agresion con un hacha. La tomografia computarizada inicial objetivo fractura en los arcos cigomatico, esfenoidal y maxilar izquierdos, asi como neumoencefalo en los senos cavernosos y el canal carotideo derecho. Una hora mas tarde, la paciente mostro un deficit neurologico hemisferico derecho, por lo que se solicito de forma urgente una nueva tomografia computarizada craneal con estudio vascular multimodal, que objetivo la movilizacion del neumoencefalo y descarto una oclusion arterial de gran vaso. Un estudio de shunt mediante Doppler transcraneal y ecocardiografia comprobo la presencia de un foramen oval permeable como causa de comunicacion arteriovenosa que justificaba un embolismo arterial gaseoso. La tomografia computarizada de control a las 48 horas confirmo la aparicion de una lesion isquemica parietal derecha. Conclusion. En este caso queda reflejada la presencia simultanea de aire en la circulacion cerebral arterial y venosa y la comunicacion periferica a traves de un foramen oval permeable. Este mecanismo de produccion esta escasamente documentado en la bibliografia.


Subject(s)
Embolism, Air/etiology , Embolism, Paradoxical/etiology , Maxillary Fractures/complications , Skull Fractures/complications , Sphenoid Bone/injuries , Wounds, Penetrating/complications , Zygomatic Fractures/complications , Cavernous Sinus/diagnostic imaging , Dysarthria/etiology , Echocardiography, Doppler, Color , Facial Paralysis/etiology , Female , Foramen Ovale, Patent/complications , Foramen Ovale, Patent/diagnostic imaging , Hand/physiopathology , Humans , Imaging, Three-Dimensional , Maxillary Fractures/diagnostic imaging , Middle Aged , Muscle Spasticity/etiology , Paresis/etiology , Physical Abuse , Skull Fractures/diagnostic imaging , Sphenoid Bone/diagnostic imaging , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Wounds, Penetrating/diagnostic imaging , Zygomatic Fractures/diagnostic imaging
2.
J Craniomaxillofac Surg ; 47(3): 431-437, 2019 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30638741

ABSTRACT

In this study, we aimed to measure the stresses both on the pterygoid plates and the cranial base during the down-fracture and at the time of pterygomaxillary osteotomy by using the finite element analysis method to have an idea about the possible causes of complications. Three different surgical approaches were applied to the obtained models. In the Model 1, Le Fort I cuts without pterygomaxillary separation was applied. In the Model 2, same standard Le Fort I cuts were applied with pterygomaxillary separation. Then both models were subjected to a force of 150 N over the anterior spina nasalis to simulate down-fracture. In the third model, same standard Le Fort I cuts were applied. Following this procedure, a force of 50 N was applied with a sharp osteotome to the pterygomaxillary junction to simulate osteotomy. According to the results of this experimental study, the cranial base stress values decreased during the down-fracture in the Model 2. Moreover, it was found that the force transmitted to the base of the skull is less when the height of the pterygomaxillary osteotome is limited to 1 cm as we applied in Model 3.


Subject(s)
Cranial Nerve Injuries/diagnostic imaging , Finite Element Analysis , Imaging, Three-Dimensional , Maxilla/injuries , Osteotomy, Le Fort/adverse effects , Postoperative Complications/diagnostic imaging , Skull/injuries , Cranial Nerve Injuries/etiology , Humans , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted , Intraoperative Complications , Maxilla/diagnostic imaging , Models, Anatomic , Models, Biological , Osteotomy, Le Fort/methods , Skull/diagnostic imaging , Sphenoid Bone/diagnostic imaging , Sphenoid Bone/injuries , Stress, Mechanical
4.
J Craniofac Surg ; 29(5): 1305-1306, 2018 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29608481

ABSTRACT

Acute bilateral post-traumatic facial paralysis is rare in the literature. Post-traumatic facial paralysis is frequently accompanied transverse fractures of temporal more. The incidence of acute bilateral post-traumatic facial paralysis has been reported as 1 to 5 per million in the literature. Trauma and concurrent facial paralysis are usually in the same subsite (right temporal bone fracture and right facial paralysis). There is one pathophysiological pattern for a single temporal bone fracture in a subsite. The authors present a bilateral isolated different pathophysiological pattern sudden onset facial paralysis in a patient herein.


Subject(s)
Facial Nerve Injuries/pathology , Facial Paralysis/etiology , Facial Paralysis/physiopathology , Skull Fractures/physiopathology , Temporal Bone/injuries , Acute Disease , Adult , Facial Nerve Injuries/diagnosis , Facial Paralysis/diagnosis , Fractures, Multiple/complications , Fractures, Multiple/diagnosis , Fractures, Multiple/physiopathology , Humans , Male , Occipital Bone/injuries , Petrous Bone/injuries , Skull Fractures/complications , Skull Fractures/diagnosis , Sphenoid Bone/injuries , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
5.
Cir. plást. ibero-latinoam ; 43(3): 275-284, jul.-sept. 2017. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-168412

ABSTRACT

Introducción y Objetivo. El síndrome del ápex orbitario (SAO) es un cuadro grave pero afortunadamente poco frecuente que implica un compromiso de la órbita con afectación del nervio óptico en el ápex. El diagnóstico suele ser difícil y el tratamiento complejo, debiendo incluir medidas de soporte y protección ocular, medicamentos endovenosos como diuréticos y/o corticoides, y en algunos casos llega a necesitar descompresión quirúrgica precoz. El pronóstico depende del tipo y complejidad de la lesión pero también de la precocidad con que se inicie el tratamiento médico o quirúrgico para evitar lesiones irreversibles de las estructuras intraorbitarias derivadas del aumento de la presión en el compartimento. Este trabajo pretende evaluar los casos de síndrome del ápex orbitario postraumático diagnosticados y tratados en nuestro centro hospitalario. Material y Método. Llevamos a cabo una revisión retrospectiva de las bases de datos. Describimos el diagnóstico clínico y por imagen, el tratamiento realizado, las diversas formas de evolución de los pacientes y las secuelas. Resultados. Encontramos y evaluamos un total de 3 casos registrados entre 2007 y 2013, con edades entre 28 y 72 años; 2 hombres y 1 mujer. El origen del síndrome fue un traumatismo de alta energía sobre la región orbitaria/ malar de la cara en todos los casos. Un paciente no precisó tratamiento quirúrgico urgente y los otros 2 necesitaron tratamiento quirúrgico precoz. En 2 casos no se documentaron secuelas permanentes, sin embargo 1 desarrolló ceguera irreversible. Conclusiones. El SAO es una entidad proco frecuente relacionada con traumatismos faciales de alta energía. Su sospecha diagnóstica es indispensable para el enfoque adecuado del tratamiento y suele estar apoyada por medios radiológicos disponibles en cualquier hospital. El tratamiento debe ser precoz para evitar secuelas permanentes; debe incluir estabilización del paciente garantizando la permeabilidad de la vía aérea, corticoides a altas dosis, antibióticos profilácticos y cirugía de revisión de la órbita, que puede ser diagnóstico-terapéutica en casos de oftalmoplejia total con exoftalmos progresivo (AU)


Background and Objective. Orbital apex syndrome (OAS) is a serious and infrequent condition affecting the orbit with involvement of the optic nerve at the apex level. Diagnosis is often difficult and complex. Treatment includes supportive measures and eye protection, intravenous medications such as diuretics and/or corticosteroids and in some cases early surgical decompression is necessary. The prognosis will depend of the type and complexity of the lesion, but also on the precocity of medical or surgical treatment to avoid the irreversible damage of the intraorbital structures, derived from the increase of the pressure inside the compartment. This paper aims to retrospectively review the cases of post-traumatic orbital apex syndrome diagnosed and treated in our hospital. Methods. We conduct a retrospective review of our data base and describe the clinical and imaging diagnosis, the treatments performed, the different forms of evolution and the sequel of this syndrome. Results. Three cases were registered and evaluated between 2007 and 2013. The ages of the patients ranged from 28 to 72 years; 2 men and 1 woman. The origin of the syndrome was in all cases high energy trauma on the orbital/ malar region of the face. One patient did not require urgent surgical treatment, but the other 2 cases required early surgical treatment. In 2 cases no permanent sequel was documented, however 1 of them remained with irreversible blindness. Conclusions. OAS is an infrequent entity related to high energy facial trauma. Diagnostic suspicion is essential for an adequate approach to treatment and is usually supported by radiological means available at any hospital. Treatment should be done early to avoid the permanent consequences. This should include stabilization of the patient ensuring airway permeability, highdose corticosteroids, prophylactic antibiotics and orbital revision surgery, which may be diagnostic-therapeutic in cases of total ophthalmoplegia with progressive exophthalmos (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Orbit/injuries , Orbit/surgery , Prognosis , Zygoma/injuries , Facial Injuries/surgery , Sphenoid Bone/diagnostic imaging , Sphenoid Bone/injuries , Retrospective Studies , Syndrome , Fundus Oculi , Sphenoid Bone/surgery , Optic Nerve Injuries/complications , Optic Nerve Injuries/diagnostic imaging , Optic Nerve Injuries/surgery , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use , Dexamethasone/therapeutic use
6.
Br J Ophthalmol ; 101(3): 261-267, 2017 03.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27267448

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To correlate the intraoperative endoscopic findings with high-resolution CT (HRCT) for the diagnosis of optic canal fractures (OCF). To compare the visual outcome of patients with different types of OCF and without. DESIGN: A retrospective, comparative case series. PARTICIPANTS: 1275 consecutive patients (1275 eyes) with indirect traumatic optic neuropathy (TON). METHODS: Altogether, 1275 patients who underwent endoscopic transethmoid optic canal decompression (ETOCD) for unilateral indirect TON were reviewed from 1 October 2006 to 30 September 2014. HRCT performed prior to surgery were compared with findings during surgery. The visual outcomes before and after surgery were also compared. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The presence and type of OCF detected by HRCT and during surgery; visual acuity prior to surgery and at 3 months after surgery. RESULTS: A total of 1275 patients (1275 eyes) were included, with 708 patients that had OCF visible on HRCT image. During surgery, an additional 187 (20.9%) patients with OCF were noticed. Among these, 136 had undisplaced fractures, most of which were linear intracanalicular fractures. The initial visual acuity of patients with OCF was worse than that of patients without OCF (p<0.01). However, no statistical difference existed in the final visual acuity at 3 months after surgery (>0.05). Significant statistical difference of surgical efficacy existed between all the patients with OCF and without OCF (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with OCF, 20.9% were not detected by HRCT. Patients with OCF had a worse initial visual acuity than those without OCF. There was no significant difference in final visual acuity after ETOCD.


Subject(s)
Optic Nerve Injuries/epidemiology , Skull Fractures/epidemiology , Sphenoid Bone/injuries , Adolescent , Adult , Analysis of Variance , Decompression, Surgical/methods , Female , Humans , Incidence , Male , Middle Aged , Optic Nerve Injuries/pathology , Optic Nerve Injuries/surgery , Retrospective Studies , Skull Fractures/surgery , Visual Acuity , Young Adult
7.
World Neurosurg ; 95: 623.e5-623.e9, 2016 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27350302

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Vertebrobasilar artery entrapment resulting from a clivus fracture is rare. The entrapped lesions are not radiographically depicted precisely because they are only identified by autopsy or completely occluded. In addition, no changes in the features have been revealed clearly because radiologic examinations were performed only in the acute stage. CASE DESCRIPTION: We report a case of traumatic entrapment of the vertebral artery depicted precisely by a three-dimensional angiographic study in the subacute stage, presenting the serial changes in the morphologic features and a review of the published cases. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to manage vertebrobasilar artery entrapment cautiously because it is suggested that the entrapped lesion is accompanied by arterial dissection.


Subject(s)
Accidental Falls , Hematoma, Subdural, Intracranial/diagnostic imaging , Skull Fractures/diagnostic imaging , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage, Traumatic/diagnostic imaging , Vertebral Artery/diagnostic imaging , Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency/diagnostic imaging , Angiography, Digital Subtraction , Cerebral Angiography , Computed Tomography Angiography , Cranial Fossa, Posterior/diagnostic imaging , Cranial Fossa, Posterior/injuries , Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Dilatation, Pathologic/diagnostic imaging , Dilatation, Pathologic/etiology , Frontal Bone/diagnostic imaging , Frontal Bone/injuries , Hematoma, Subdural, Intracranial/complications , Hematoma, Subdural, Intracranial/surgery , Humans , Imaging, Three-Dimensional , Male , Middle Aged , Skull Fractures/complications , Sphenoid Bone/diagnostic imaging , Sphenoid Bone/injuries , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage, Traumatic/complications , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency/etiology
8.
J Craniofac Surg ; 26(6): 1823-5, 2015 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26147022

ABSTRACT

Pterygoid plate fractures are often described in the setting of Le Fort fractures. The goal of this study was to define other craniofacial fracture patterns causing injury to the pterygoid plates. A retrospective review of computed tomography (CT) scans obtained on craniofacial trauma patients over a 5-year period revealed 209 patients with pterygoid plate fractures. Pterygoid plate fractures in 78 patients (37.3%) were unrelated to Le Fort fractures. Common causes included sphenotemporal buttress fractures in 26 patients (33.3%), temporal bone fractures in 18 patients (23.1%), zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures in 17 patients (21.8%), and displaced mandible fractures in 14 patients (17.9%). These findings indicate that approximately one third of pterygoid plate fractures do not result from Le Fort pattern injuries and that the craniofacial surgeon should have a broad differential for causes of pterygoid plate fractures when reviewing trauma imaging.


Subject(s)
Maxillary Fractures/epidemiology , Skull Fractures/epidemiology , Sphenoid Bone/injuries , Alveolar Process/injuries , Humans , Mandibular Fractures/epidemiology , Nasal Bone/injuries , Retrospective Studies , Skull Base/injuries , Temporal Bone/injuries , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/statistics & numerical data , Wisconsin/epidemiology , Zygomatic Fractures/epidemiology
9.
J Craniomaxillofac Surg ; 42(7): 1371-7, 2014 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24780354

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Frontobasilar fracture types and the outcome of patients after management with the subcranial approach technique were evaluated. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 48 patients (45 males, mean age 38,5 years; range 16-82 years) who had a subcranial approach for frontal base fracture correction between April 1996 and April 2011 at a tertiary care academic hospital in Turku, Finland. RESULTS: Sixteen (33%) patients had fractures including all frontobasilar fracture types (Type I-IV) i.e. fractures that involved frontal sinuses, orbital roofs, ethmoidal region, cribriform plate and sphenoidal region. Twenty-seven (56%) patients were considered to have had brain damage at presentation. Forty percent of patients were suffering from synchronous trauma. Peroperatively, 31 (65%) patients had exposure or defect of the dura due to bone dehiscence but only two patients suffered from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistula following surgery. CSF fistulae were covered by pericranium in most of the cases (68%). There was no postoperative meningitis. Thirty-eight percent of the patients needed further operation with a subcranial craniotomy following primary reconstruction. At the last follow-up visit 35% were suffering from permanent neurological problems following brain injury. CONCLUSIONS: Subcranial approach seemed successful in the management of all frontobasilar fractures in this series with reasonably low complication rate. Therefore, we would recommend it as the technique of choice in multiple and even in the most complicated frontal base fractures.


Subject(s)
Craniotomy/methods , Skull Fracture, Basilar/surgery , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Brain Injuries/complications , Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak/etiology , Dura Mater/injuries , Ethmoid Bone/injuries , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Frontal Sinus/injuries , Glasgow Outcome Scale , Humans , Male , Maxillary Fractures/surgery , Middle Aged , Orbital Fractures/surgery , Postoperative Complications , Plastic Surgery Procedures/methods , Retrospective Studies , Sphenoid Bone/injuries , Treatment Outcome , Young Adult
10.
J Craniomaxillofac Surg ; 42(4): 305-12, 2014 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24525027

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to develop and test the utility of a novel systematic protocol to analyze CT images of patients with trauma in the anterior cranial base and upper midface. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The radiological data and primary reports of 27 consecutive patients with a frontal skull base fracture treated in two tertiary care hospitals from 2007 to 2011 were scrutinized. A novel algorithm for systematic image reviewing was used to assess the CT images and the findings were compared with the primary radiological reports. RESULTS: The systematic review detected a substantial number of fractures and defects in anatomical structures that had not been systematically reported in the primary, on-call reports. Anterior skull base fracture was not initially reported in 32% of the patients; however, the algorithm detected this in 93% of them. The corresponding rates for fracture through cribriform plate were 28% and 72% and for fracture through the sella or hypophyseal area 22% and 78%. There were two fractures of the clivus and these were initially missed. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the failure to identify these fractures radiologically in the primary setting, all patients were still considered to have received appropriate treatment, but, the use of an image-reviewing algorithm will enhance the specificity of CT in the diagnosis of frontobasilar fractures.


Subject(s)
Algorithms , Facial Bones/injuries , Multidetector Computed Tomography/statistics & numerical data , Skull Fracture, Basilar/diagnostic imaging , Skull Fractures/diagnostic imaging , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Carotid Artery, Internal, Dissection/diagnostic imaging , Cohort Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Ethmoid Sinus/injuries , Facial Bones/diagnostic imaging , Female , Frontal Bone/diagnostic imaging , Frontal Bone/injuries , Humans , Male , Maxillary Fractures/diagnostic imaging , Middle Aged , Nasal Bone/diagnostic imaging , Nasal Bone/injuries , Orbital Fractures/diagnostic imaging , Sphenoid Bone/diagnostic imaging , Sphenoid Bone/injuries , Sphenoid Sinus/diagnostic imaging , Sphenoid Sinus/injuries , Young Adult
11.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24439920

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to classify pterygoid process fractures associated with maxillary transverse fractures. STUDY DESIGN: Pterygoid process fractures in 100 patients with maxillary transverse fractures were observed 2- and 3-dimensionally using image processing software. Fracture line course and height and sphenoid sinus involvement were recorded. RESULTS: Pterygoid process fractures were classified as follows: class I, vertical (simple separation between medial and lateral plates); or class II, transverse (3 subcategories according to location of fracture line: II-1, within pterygoid fossa; II-2, above pterygoid fossa, not extending to sphenoid sinus floor; II-3, above pterygoid fossa, involving sphenoid sinus floor). Class I fracture was observed on 5 sides (2.7%); II-1, on 125 (66.5%); II-2, on 36 (19.1%); and II-3, on 22 (1.7%). CONCLUSIONS: Pterygoid process fractures were predominantly near the upper edge of the pterygoid fossa. Pneumatization of the pterygoid process is a risk in fractures involving the sphenoid sinus floor.


Subject(s)
Maxillary Fractures/classification , Maxillary Fractures/diagnostic imaging , Skull Fractures/classification , Skull Fractures/diagnostic imaging , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Imaging, Three-Dimensional , Male , Middle Aged , Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted , Risk Factors , Sphenoid Bone/injuries , Sphenoid Sinus/injuries , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
12.
Dentomaxillofac Radiol ; 43(2): 20130355, 2014.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24336313

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of posterior maxillary fractures involving the posterior maxillary sinus wall, pterygoid plate or both, unrelated to major midface fractures in patients with mandibular fractures, and to characterize associated fractures. METHODS: A CT study was performed in patients with mandibular fractures to identify posterior maxillary fractures. Patients aged under 16 years, those with mandibular fractures involving only dentoalveolar components and those with concurrent major midfacial fractures were excluded. RESULTS: 13 (6.7%) of 194 patients with mandibular fractures also had posterior maxillary fractures (case group). The injury pattern correlated with the external force directed to the lateral side of the mandible (p < 0.001), alcohol consumption (p = 0.049), the presence of multifocal fractures (p = 0.002) and the fracture regions in the symphysis/parasymphysis (p = 0.001) and the angle/ramus (p = 0.001). No significant difference between the case and non-case groups was seen for age, sex or cause of trauma. Non-displaced fractures in the ipsilateral posterior mandible occurred with significant frequency (p = 0.001) when the posterior maxillary fractures involved only the sinus. CONCLUSIONS: Mandibular fractures accompanied by posterior maxillary fractures are not rare. The finding of a unilateral posterior maxillary fracture on CT may aid the efficient radiological examination of the mandible based on possible patterns of associated fractures, as follows: in the ipsilateral posterior region as a direct fracture when the impact is a medially directed force, and in the symphysis/parasymphysis or contralateral condylar neck as an indirect fracture.


Subject(s)
Mandibular Fractures/epidemiology , Maxillary Fractures/epidemiology , Maxillary Sinus/injuries , Skull Fractures/epidemiology , Sphenoid Bone/injuries , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/statistics & numerical data , Adolescent , Adult , Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/statistics & numerical data , Japan/epidemiology , Male , Mandibular Condyle/injuries , Mandibular Fractures/classification , Mandibular Fractures/diagnostic imaging , Maxillary Fractures/diagnostic imaging , Middle Aged , Multiple Trauma/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies , Skull Fractures/diagnostic imaging
13.
J Craniofac Surg ; 25(1): e12-3, 2014 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24275778

ABSTRACT

We report a patient with a lateral orbital wall fracture that occurred as a result of a blow-out fracture. The patient has extensive pneumatization of the sphenoid sinus, and the air extends into the lateral orbital wall. It makes the lateral orbital wall much thinner unusually, being more vulnerable to a sudden increase in intraorbital pressure. Pure blow-out fracture of the lateral orbital wall has not been reported in the medical literature. Therefore, this is the first case report of a lateral orbital wall fracture occurring as a blow-out mechanism.


Subject(s)
Air , Facial Injuries/complications , Orbital Fractures/diagnosis , Orbital Fractures/etiology , Sphenoid Bone/injuries , Sphenoid Sinus/injuries , Wounds, Nonpenetrating/complications , Adult , Female , Humans , Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted , Male , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
14.
15.
J Laryngol Otol ; 127(8): 809-10, 2013 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23834751

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Septoplasty is one of the most common otolaryngological operations. It is often dismissed as a simple procedure, despite the wide range of potential complications. We describe the first reported case of unilateral hemiplegia as a complication of septoplasty. METHODS AND RESULTS: A 51-year-old man presented with right hemiplegia following a septoplasty and turbinoplasty procedure carried out elsewhere. Cranial imaging showed a breakthrough fracture of the left sphenoid sinus anterior wall and clivus, with a haemorrhagic area in the left paramedian pons, which was responsible for the patient's right hemiplegia. Despite neurological and physiotherapeutic rehabilitation, the patient gained only partial recovery from his right hemiplegia. CONCLUSION: Good intra-operative visualisation and appropriate surgical technique are essential to prevent complications and achieve a functional nasal airway. The importance of the presented case to the pre-operative informed consent process is underlined.


Subject(s)
Hemiplegia/etiology , Nasal Septum/surgery , Rhinoplasty/adverse effects , Sphenoid Bone/injuries , Fractures, Bone/complications , Humans , Informed Consent/standards , Male , Middle Aged , Nasal Surgical Procedures/adverse effects , Sphenoid Sinus/surgery
17.
Auris Nasus Larynx ; 40(3): 334-7, 2013 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22871375

ABSTRACT

With the advancement of transnasal endoscopic technique, endoscopic repair of basal skull fractures has considerably substituted former external approaches. The endoscopically feasible pedicled flap, named nasoseptal flap has been extending its range of application, since it was introduced for the reconstruction of the defect after resection of skull base tumors. We introduce two patients with complicated basal skull fractures at different sites who were successfully treated by the transnasal endoscopic approach using nasoseptal flap.


Subject(s)
Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea/surgery , Skull Fracture, Basilar/surgery , Surgical Flaps , Abdominal Fat/transplantation , Adolescent , Ethmoid Bone/diagnostic imaging , Ethmoid Bone/injuries , Ethmoid Bone/surgery , Frontal Sinus/diagnostic imaging , Frontal Sinus/injuries , Frontal Sinus/surgery , Humans , Male , Mucous Membrane/transplantation , Radiography , Sphenoid Bone/diagnostic imaging , Sphenoid Bone/injuries , Sphenoid Bone/surgery
18.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22940022

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This study demonstrated pterygomaxillary disjunction patterns and elucidated factors related to unfavorable pterygomaxillary junction fractures in Le Fort I osteotomy without using an osteotome. STUDY DESIGN: Clinical and anatomical data obtained from computed tomography images (100 sides) were analyzed for their ability to predict patterns of pterygomaxillary disjunction. RESULTS: Separation of the pterygomaxillary junction was most frequently performed at the maxillary tuberosity (48.0%). Twenty-eight pterygoid plates were fractured. Male gender, increased age, thickness of the pterygomaxillary junction, and length of the maxillary tuberosity were significant risk factors for pterygoid process fractures. We also identified that a pterygomaxillary junction thickness less than 2.6 mm and a maxillary tuberosity length of more than 11.5 mm indicated a statistically significant risk of pterygoid process fractures. CONCLUSIONS: Prediction of frangible pterygoid plates by preoperative quantitative evaluation of morphometric values provides useful information for selecting safe procedures.


Subject(s)
Maxilla/surgery , Osteotomy, Le Fort/methods , Skull Fractures/etiology , Sphenoid Bone/injuries , Adolescent , Adult , Age Factors , Cephalometry/methods , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Forecasting , Humans , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods , Imaging, Three-Dimensional/methods , Male , Maxilla/diagnostic imaging , Maxilla/pathology , Maxillary Sinus/surgery , Osteotomy, Le Fort/classification , Osteotomy, Le Fort/instrumentation , Osteotomy, Sagittal Split Ramus/methods , Prognathism/surgery , Risk Factors , Sex Factors , Sphenoid Bone/diagnostic imaging , Sphenoid Bone/pathology , Tomography, Spiral Computed/methods , Young Adult
19.
J Neurosurg ; 118(2): 364-9, 2013 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23121431

ABSTRACT

OBJECT: The aim of this study was to provide information about long-term functional outcome in patients with isolated oculomotor nerve palsy following minor head injury and to discuss surgical treatment of these patients, especially those with accompanying sphenoid fracture. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was made of 26 patients with traumatic isolated oculomotor nerve palsy. The severity of oculomotor nerve palsy and the functional recovery were evaluated based on extraocular muscle movement, eyelid movement, and pupil size. On average, patients were evaluated 3.6 days after the initial injury, and the average follow-up period was 14.2 months (range 3 months-2 years). RESULTS: Twenty men and six women were enrolled in this study. The most common cause of trauma was motor vehicle accident in 17 (65.4%) of 26. Among all the recorded symptoms, internal ophthalmoplegia was most frequently seen. The recovery rates of ptosis, external ophthalmoplegia, and internal ophthalmoplegia were 95% (19 of 20 patients), 83.3% (15 of 18 patients), and 50% (13 of 26 patients), respectively. The 6 patients with sphenoid fracture underwent surgical decompression of the superior orbital fissure, after which all patients experienced recovery from ptosis and external ophthalmoplegia and 66.7% (4 of 6 patients) recovered from internal ophthalmoplegia. CONCLUSIONS: Limited eye movement may be a major factor that negatively affects functional recovery after mild head injury. Sphenoid fracture might be one of the potential mechanisms involved in traumatic isolated oculomotor nerve palsy after mild head injury. Surgical decompression should be considered when there is evidence of bone compression of the superior orbital fissure.


Subject(s)
Fractures, Bone/physiopathology , Fractures, Bone/surgery , Oculomotor Nerve Injuries/physiopathology , Oculomotor Nerve Injuries/surgery , Recovery of Function , Sphenoid Bone/injuries , Adult , Blepharoptosis/physiopathology , Blepharoptosis/surgery , Decompression, Surgical , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Ophthalmoplegia/physiopathology , Ophthalmoplegia/surgery , Retrospective Studies , Sphenoid Bone/surgery , Trauma Severity Indices , Treatment Outcome , Young Adult
20.
J Craniomaxillofac Surg ; 41(8): 710-7, 2013 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22417768

ABSTRACT

As the biomechanical mechanisms of orbital wall fractures are still under research, three different fracture mechanisms were tested in a finite element based investigation. In contrast to earlier studies, a finer skeletal model and a transient dynamic simulation were used to test pure hydraulic, pure buckling and a mixed force transmission. Results showed that each set-up led to different orbital fracture patterns, which correlate well with clinical findings. Therefore the conclusion is that different mechanisms may act together explaining the variety of clinical fracture situations. Biomechanical testing has proven to be appropriate in answering questions regarding fracture mechanisms.


Subject(s)
Finite Element Analysis , Orbital Fractures/physiopathology , Adult , Biomechanical Phenomena , Bone Density/physiology , Computer Simulation , Elastic Modulus , Eye Injuries/physiopathology , Facial Bones/physiopathology , Friction , Humans , Male , Maxillary Fractures/physiopathology , Models, Anatomic , Models, Biological , Nonlinear Dynamics , Orbit/injuries , Orbital Fractures/classification , Skull/physiopathology , Skull Fractures/physiopathology , Sphenoid Bone/injuries , Stress, Mechanical , Wounds, Nonpenetrating/physiopathology , Zygomatic Fractures/physiopathology
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