CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte counts and ratio in cats with chronic gingivostomatitis and naturally infected with feline immunodeficiency virus: a preliminary study / Razão e contagem de linfócitos T CD4+ e linfócitos T CD8+ em gatos com gengivoestomatite crônica e infectados naturalmente pelo vírus da imunodeficiência felina: estudo preliminar

This study aimed to evaluate the CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes counts and CD4+: CD8+ ratio in a colony of cats with chronic gingivostomatitis (CGS). We used forty domestic short-haired cats inhabiting the same colony. Ten cats with CGS were immunodeficiency virus-positive (group IV), and ten with CGS were immunodeficiency virus-negative (group III). As a control, twenty cats without CGS were used: ten cats were immunodeficiency virus-positive (group II) and ten cats were immunodeficiency virus-negative (group I). We employed flow cytometry to count CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. In cats infected with the immunodeficiency virus, the presence of CD4+ lymphocytes were lower both for animals with and without CGS. Conversely, not immunodeficiency virus-infected cats with CGS had a higher amount of CD4+ when compared to seronegative animals without CGS. The counts of CD8+ T lymphocytes showed no significant difference among cats with CGS, whether infected with immunodeficiency virus or not. The CD4+: CD8+ ratio was only different for group III, which was higher than any other group. No difference was observed for total lymphocyte number and CD8+ among groups. By contrast, mean CD4+ levels were different, with cats from groups III and IV showing higher levels than those from groups I and II. The flow cytometry could be a useful tool for the diagnosis and prognosis of cats with CGS infected by the immunodeficiency virus.

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a contagem e a razão de linfócitos T CD4+ e CD8+ em uma colônia de gatos com gengivoestomatite crônica (CGS). Foram analisados quarenta gatos domésticos que habitavam a mesma colônia. Dez gatos com CGS foram positivos para o vírus da imunodeficiência (grupo IV), e dez com CGS foram negativos para o vírus da imunodeficiência (grupo III). Como controle, vinte gatos sem CGS foram usados: dez gatos foram positivos para o vírus da imunodeficiência (grupo II) e dez gatos foram negativos para o vírus da imunodeficiência (grupo I). Empregou-se a citometria de fluxo para contagem de linfócitos T CD4+ e CD8+. Nos gatos infectados pelo vírus da imunodeficiência, a presença de linfócitos CD4+ foi menor tanto para os animais com e sem CGS. Por outro lado, gatos não infectados e com CGS apresentaram maior quantidade de linfócitos CD4+ quando comparados a animais soronegativos sem CGS. A contagem de linfócito T CD8+ não mostrou diferença significativa entre gatos com CGS, infectados ou não com o vírus da imunodeficiência. A razão CD4+:CD8+ foi diferente apenas para o grupo III, que foi maior do que qualquer outro grupo. Não foi observada diferença para o número total de linfócitos e CD8+ entre os grupos. Em contraste, os níveis médios de CD4+ foram diferentes, com os gatos dos grupos III e IV apresentando níveis mais elevados do que os dos grupos I e II. A citometria de fluxo pode ser uma ferramenta útil para o diagnóstico e prognóstico de gatos com CGS infectados pelo vírus da imunodeficiência.

Caseous stomatitis caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Boa constrictor amarali

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a bacterium that belongs to the microbiota of snakes, but it may also be anopportunistic pathogen and contaminate humans through fecal contact, bites, and injuries. In snakes, this microorganismmay present high pathogenicity at certain conditions and have been associated with high morbidity and mortality. Reportsof infection of Boa constrictor by this pathogen are rare. Thus, this study aimed to describe the P. aeruginosa oral infection in a snake specimen (Boa constrictor amarali), approaching the isolation and identification of the infectious agentsinvolved, the antimicrobial sensitivity and resistance, and the therapeutic protocol adopted.Case: A free-living adult female specimen of Boa constrictor amarali (Amarals boa), with no described previous history was rescued in an urban area by the Environmental Police. Clinical evaluations showed structures of caseous aspectin the oral cavity, with hyperemia spots in the mucosa. Samples of these lesions were sent for mycological examination,and fungal forms were not found. Samples were collected for isolation and culture. The antimicrobial susceptibility of theisolated microorganisms was determined by the modified Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. P. aeruginosa was isolatedand showed susceptibility to amikacin, gentamicin, and polymyxin-B; intermediate susceptibility to azithromycin, and ciprofloxacin; and resistance to cephalexin, ceftiofur, chloramphenicol, and enrofloxacin. The treatment consisted of cleaningof the oral cavity, local infiltration of lidocaine for debridement of the caseous area that were later cauterized with iodine.Systemic antibiotic therapy was used, with intramuscular administration of amikacin (5 mg/kg) for the first dose and (2.5mg/kg) for the other doses with intervals of 72 h, and oral administration of metronidazole...(AU)

Caseous stomatitis caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Boa constrictor amarali

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a bacterium that belongs to the microbiota of snakes, but it may also be anopportunistic pathogen and contaminate humans through fecal contact, bites, and injuries. In snakes, this microorganismmay present high pathogenicity at certain conditions and have been associated with high morbidity and mortality. Reportsof infection of Boa constrictor by this pathogen are rare. Thus, this study aimed to describe the P. aeruginosa oral infection in a snake specimen (Boa constrictor amarali), approaching the isolation and identification of the infectious agentsinvolved, the antimicrobial sensitivity and resistance, and the therapeutic protocol adopted.Case: A free-living adult female specimen of Boa constrictor amarali (Amaral’s boa), with no described previous history was rescued in an urban area by the Environmental Police. Clinical evaluations showed structures of caseous aspectin the oral cavity, with hyperemia spots in the mucosa. Samples of these lesions were sent for mycological examination,and fungal forms were not found. Samples were collected for isolation and culture. The antimicrobial susceptibility of theisolated microorganisms was determined by the modified Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. P. aeruginosa was isolatedand showed susceptibility to amikacin, gentamicin, and polymyxin-B; intermediate susceptibility to azithromycin, and ciprofloxacin; and resistance to cephalexin, ceftiofur, chloramphenicol, and enrofloxacin. The treatment consisted of cleaningof the oral cavity, local infiltration of lidocaine for debridement of the caseous area that were later cauterized with iodine.Systemic antibiotic therapy was used, with intramuscular administration of amikacin (5 mg/kg) for the first dose and (2.5mg/kg) for the other doses with intervals of 72 h, and oral administration of metronidazole...

Periodontal disease and its complications in cats from a shelter in the Central Region of Rio Grande do Sul / Doença periodontal e suas complicações em gatos de um abrigo na Região Central do Rio Grande do Sul

Periodontal disease is the most common infectious disease that occurs in feline patients. Although it occurs in both sexes, different age groups, and any breeds, the prevalence and severity seem much higher in cats living in animal shelters. This paper aimed to describe the clinical, radiological, cytopathological, and virological aspects of periodontal disease and its complications in cats, based on these aspects and, consequently, on the importance it brings to cat feline medicine in shelter cats. For this, nine cats with periodontal disease from a single animal shelter were evaluated. These cats demonstrated a disease characterized by halitosis, excessive salivation, and oral discomfort. Lymphadenomegaly of the mandibular and retropharyngeal lymph nodes was observed in 44.4% of the cases. Oral lesions consisted of varying degrees of gingival hyperemia, complete loss of free gingival margins, and consequently gingival retraction, dental calculus deposition, dental mobility, complete exposure of the furcation of premolars and molars, and dental roots of canines and incisors, loss of bone radiopacity due to alveolar bone resorption and tooth loss. Complications included chronic ulcerative paradental stomatitis (22.2%), faucitis (22.2%), and chronic gingivostomatitis (11.1%). None of the cats affected by periodontal disease was positive for FIV or FeLV. In 33.3% of the cases, cats were carriers of feline calicivirus, but not feline herpesvirus.(AU)

Doença periodontal é a mais comum doença infecciosa que ocorre em pacientes felinos. Embora ocorra em gatos de ambos os sexos, diferentes faixas etárias e quaisquer raças, a prevalência e a gravidade parece muito maior em gatos que vivem em abrigos para animais. Baseado nesses aspectos e, consequentemente, na importância que ela traz para a medicina felina de gatos de abrigos, o objetivo desse artigo é descrever os aspectos clínicos, radiológicos, citopatológicos e virológicos da doença periodontal e suas complicações em gatos. Para isso, nove gatos com doença periodontal oriundos de um único abrigo de animais foram avaliados. Esses gatos demonstraram uma doença caracterizada por halitose, salivação excessiva e desconforto oral. Linfadenomegalia dos linfonodos mandibulares e retrofaríngeos foi observada em 44,4% dos casos. As lesões orais consistiam de graus variados de hiperemia gengival, perda completa das margens gengivais livres e, consequentemente, retração gengival, deposição de cálculo dental, mobilidade dentária, exposição completa da furca dos pré-molares e molares e das raízes dentárias dos caninos e incisivos, perda de radiopacidade óssea devido à reabsorção de osso alveolar e perda dentária. Complicações incluíram estomatite paradental ulcerativa crônica (22,2%), faucite (22,2%) e gengivoestomatite crônica (11,1%). Nenhum dos gatos afetados pela doença periodontal foi positivo para FIV ou FeLV. Em 33,3% dos casos, os gatos eram portadores do calicivírus felino, mas não do herpesvírus felino.(AU)

Periodontal disease and its complications in cats from a shelter in the Central Region of Rio Grande do Sul / Doença periodontal e suas complicações em gatos de um abrigo na Região Central do Rio Grande do Sul

Periodontal disease is the most common infectious disease that occurs in feline patients. Although it occurs in both sexes, different age groups, and any breeds, the prevalence and severity seem much higher in cats living in animal shelters. This paper aimed to describe the clinical, radiological, cytopathological, and virological aspects of periodontal disease and its complications in cats, based on these aspects and, consequently, on the importance it brings to cat feline medicine in shelter cats. For this, nine cats with periodontal disease from a single animal shelter were evaluated. These cats demonstrated a disease characterized by halitosis, excessive salivation, and oral discomfort. Lymphadenomegaly of the mandibular and retropharyngeal lymph nodes was observed in 44.4% of the cases. Oral lesions consisted of varying degrees of gingival hyperemia, complete loss of free gingival margins, and consequently gingival retraction, dental calculus deposition, dental mobility, complete exposure of the furcation of premolars and molars, and dental roots of canines and incisors, loss of bone radiopacity due to alveolar bone resorption and tooth loss. Complications included chronic ulcerative paradental stomatitis (22.2%), faucitis (22.2%), and chronic gingivostomatitis (11.1%). None of the cats affected by periodontal disease was positive for FIV or FeLV. In 33.3% of the cases, cats were carriers of feline calicivirus, but not feline herpesvirus.(AU)

Doença periodontal é a mais comum doença infecciosa que ocorre em pacientes felinos. Embora ocorra em gatos de ambos os sexos, diferentes faixas etárias e quaisquer raças, a prevalência e a gravidade parece muito maior em gatos que vivem em abrigos para animais. Baseado nesses aspectos e, consequentemente, na importância que ela traz para a medicina felina de gatos de abrigos, o objetivo desse artigo é descrever os aspectos clínicos, radiológicos, citopatológicos e virológicos da doença periodontal e suas complicações em gatos. Para isso, nove gatos com doença periodontal oriundos de um único abrigo de animais foram avaliados. Esses gatos demonstraram uma doença caracterizada por halitose, salivação excessiva e desconforto oral. Linfadenomegalia dos linfonodos mandibulares e retrofaríngeos foi observada em 44,4% dos casos. As lesões orais consistiam de graus variados de hiperemia gengival, perda completa das margens gengivais livres e, consequentemente, retração gengival, deposição de cálculo dental, mobilidade dentária, exposição completa da furca dos pré-molares e molares e das raízes dentárias dos caninos e incisivos, perda de radiopacidade óssea devido à reabsorção de osso alveolar e perda dentária. Complicações incluíram estomatite paradental ulcerativa crônica (22,2%), faucite (22,2%) e gengivoestomatite crônica (11,1%). Nenhum dos gatos afetados pela doença periodontal foi positivo para FIV ou FeLV. Em 33,3% dos casos, os gatos eram portadores do calicivírus felino, mas não do herpesvírus felino.(AU)

Eritema multiforme limitado à cavidade oral em um cão: relato de caso / Multiforme erythema limited to the oral cavity in a dog: case report

O eritema multiforme é uma doença incomum em cães, que afeta pele e mucosas, cuja etiologia ainda não foi completamente elucidada. Contudo, o envolvimento exclusivo da cavidade oral é considerado raro, tendo sido descrito poucas vezes até o presente momento. O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever um caso de eritema multiforme limitado à cavidade oral em um canino. Um cão, fêmea, Akita, com sete anos de idade, apresentou histórico de ulcerações na cavidade oral e nas laterais da língua, sem alterações cutâneas ou sistêmicas. O diagnóstico definitivo foi realizado por meio do exame histopatológico da mucosa oral, e a terapia imunossupressora empregada mostrou-se eficaz. Embora o eritema multiforme seja considerado incomum na espécie canina, este relato de caso apresenta a forma mais rara da doença, com poucos casos descritos em medicina veterinária.(AU)

Multiforme erythema is an uncommon disease in dogs that affects the skin and mucous membranes, the etiology of which has not yet been fully elucidated. However, the exclusive involvement of the oral cavity is considered rare, having been described few times until the present moment. The aim of this work is to describe a case of multiforme erythema limited to the oral cavity in a canine. A seven-year-old female dog, akita, presented a history of ulcerations in the oral cavity and on the sides of the tongue, with no cutaneous or systemic changes. The definitive diagnosis was made through the histopathological examination of the oral mucosa and the immunosuppressive therapy used proved to be effective. Although multiforme erythema is considered uncommon in the canine species, this case report presents the rarest form of the disease, with few cases described in veterinary medicine.(AU)

Eritema multiforme limitado à cavidade oral em um cão: relato de caso / Multiforme erythema limited to the oral cavity in a dog: case report

O eritema multiforme é uma doença incomum em cães, que afeta pele e mucosas, cuja etiologia ainda não foi completamente elucidada. Contudo, o envolvimento exclusivo da cavidade oral é considerado raro, tendo sido descrito poucas vezes até o presente momento. O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever um caso de eritema multiforme limitado à cavidade oral em um canino. Um cão, fêmea, Akita, com sete anos de idade, apresentou histórico de ulcerações na cavidade oral e nas laterais da língua, sem alterações cutâneas ou sistêmicas. O diagnóstico definitivo foi realizado por meio do exame histopatológico da mucosa oral, e a terapia imunossupressora empregada mostrou-se eficaz. Embora o eritema multiforme seja considerado incomum na espécie canina, este relato de caso apresenta a forma mais rara da doença, com poucos casos descritos em medicina veterinária.(AU)

Multiforme erythema is an uncommon disease in dogs that affects the skin and mucous membranes, the etiology of which has not yet been fully elucidated. However, the exclusive involvement of the oral cavity is considered rare, having been described few times until the present moment. The aim of this work is to describe a case of multiforme erythema limited to the oral cavity in a canine. A seven-year-old female dog, akita, presented a history of ulcerations in the oral cavity and on the sides of the tongue, with no cutaneous or systemic changes. The definitive diagnosis was made through the histopathological examination of the oral mucosa and the immunosuppressive therapy used proved to be effective. Although multiforme erythema is considered uncommon in the canine species, this case report presents the rarest form of the disease, with few cases described in veterinary medicine.(AU)

Green anaconda (Eunectes murinus) with bacterial clinical stomatitis

Background: Stomatitis is an infectious disease common in serpents and responsible for high mortality rates. It is characterized by the infection of the oral mucosa and neighboring tissues, related to the opportunistic character of bacteria presentin the normal microbiota, pathogenic in stressful situations. Few studies have described the profile of sensibility of theseagents in serpents of the Brazilian fauna. Therefore, this study has aimed at describing the isolation and identification ofthe infectious agents involved in the clinic stomatitis in a specimen of green anaconda (Eunectes murinus), and the profileof sensibility and resistance to antimicrobial agents.Case: The serpent has been rescued in an urban environment, without previous records and featured erosive injuries inits oral cavity, with the presence of secretion. In a clinical evaluation, it has been assessed that the specimen had erosiveinjuries in its oral cavity, with hyperemic points in its mucosa and serous secretion. Then the specimen went through acollection of the secretion from its oral cavity for microbiological analysis. Typical colonies of Enterococcus, Citrobacterand Enterobacter were identified by the colony morphology and their typical odor. The results of these tests were able toconfirm and identify the Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter and Enterococcus species. The profile of sensibility to antimicrobials of the isolated microorganisms has been determined through the method of diffusion in the disk of Kirby-Bauer.There was not any sensitive antimicrobial for the three agents. For treatment, based on the antimicrobial profile presented,was used Ciprofloxacin® associated to daily washings with solution of chlorhexidine 0.12% for 10 days. Clinical cure wasobserved at the end of this treatment.Discussion: Despite the high frequency of this disease...(AU)

Oral lesions and retroviruses in shelter cats / Afecções orais e retroviroses em gatos de abrigo

Oral lesions are common problems in feline medicine worldwide, and may be associated with different causes, such as infectious agents. There are only a few studies reporting the chief oral diseases and the results for retrovirus tests in shelter cats in Brazil, especially in the South region. This study aimed to identify the main inflammatory oral lesions in shelter cats and verify the test results for feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukemia virus (FeLV) infections. Forty-three felines from private shelters in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul state (RS) that presented clinically evident oral lesions, regardless of age, breed, sex, and neuter status, were used in this survey. Serological tests for FIV and FeLV were performed in all cats, and data regarding the rearing system were collected. Sixteen cats (37.2%) were reared in a free system, whereas 27 (62.8%) were kept under a restrict system. Of the 43 cats with oral lesions, 29 (67.44%) presented only one type of lesion, characterized as periodontitis (n=22, 51.16%), followed by gingivitis (n=6, 13.95%), and stomatitis (n=1, 2.32%). Concomitant stomatitis and periodontitis were found in the 14 remaining cats (100%). With respect to the test results for retrovirus infections, nine (20.93%) of the 43 felines were positive for FIV alone. Co-infection with both viruses was observed in seven cats (16.28%). No cat was seropositive for FeLV valone. None of the six cats that presented gingivitis was positive for FIV and FeLV; one cat with stomatitis was positive for FIV and FeLV; of the 22 cats with periodontitis, six (27.27%) were FIV positive and two (9.09%) were FIV/FeLV positive; and of the 14 cats that presented stomatitis and periodontitis, three (21.43%) were FIV positive and four (28.57%) were FIV/FeLV positive. As for diagnosis, 28 cats (65.1%) presented solely periodontal disease (PD), one cat (2.32%) had feline chronic gingivostomatitis (FCG) alone, and 14 (32.5%) had both PD and FCG. The results obtained show that the main oral lesions found in shelter cats in the central region of RS were gingivitis, stomatitis, and periodontitis. Periodontitis, in association or not with stomatitis, was the most frequently observed oral cavity lesion in FIV- and/or FeLV-positive cats. Other factors may contribute to installation of inflammatory oral diseases in shelter cats because most cats with oral cavity lesions tested negative for retrovirus infections.(AU)

As afecções orais são problemas comuns em medicina felina em diferentes locais do mundo e podem estar relacionadas a diferentes causas, como agentes infecciosos. Poucos estudos foram encontrados no Brasil sobre o levantamento das principais doenças orais e dos resultados de testes para retrovírus em gatos de abrigos, principalmente na região Sul. Diante disso, o objetivo deste artigo foi identificar as principais afecções orais inflamatórias em gatos de abrigos e verificar os resultados dos testes para o vírus da imunodeficiência felina (FIV) e o vírus da leucemia felina (FeLV). Foram incluídos 43 felinos provenientes de abrigos privados localizados na região central do Rio Grande do Sul (RS) que apresentavam lesões orais clinicamente evidentes, independente de idade, raça, gênero e estado reprodutivo. Em todos os gatos foram realizados testes sorológicos para FIV e FeLV e obtidas informações referentes ao sistema de criação. Em 16 gatos (37,2%), o sistema de criação era livre, enquanto em 27 (62,8%) era restrito. Dos 43 gatos com lesões orais, em 29 (67,44%) foi verificado somente um tipo de lesão, caracterizado como periodontite (n=22, 51,16%), seguido de gengivite (n=6, 13,95%) e estomatite (n=1, 2,32%). Lesões concomitantes de estomatite e periodontite foram encontradas nos 14 gatos (100%) restantes. Quanto aos resultados dos testes para retrovírus, nove (20,93%) dos 43 felinos testados, foram positivos somente para FIV. Em sete gatos (16,28%) foi observada coinfecção pelos dois vírus. Em nenhum gato foi observado soropositividade somente para FeLV. Dos seis gatos com gengivite, nenhum foi positivo para FIV e FeLV; um gato com estomatite foi positivo para FIV e FeLV; dos 22 gatos com periodontite, seis (27,27%) foram FIV positivos e dois (9,09%) FIV/FeLV positivos; e dos 14 com estomatite e periodontite, três (21,43%) foram FIV positivos e quatro (28,57%) FIV/FeLV positivos. Quanto ao diagnóstico, em 28 gatos (65,1%) foi observada somente doença periodontal (DP), em um (2,32%) somente gengivoestomatite crônica felina (GECF) e em 14 gatos (32,5%) DP e GECF. Diante dos resultados obtidos, pode-se concluir que as principais lesões orais encontradas em gatos de abrigos da região central do RS foram gengivite, estomatite e periodontite; a periodontite associada ou não a estomatite foi a lesão oral mais frequente nos gatos positivos para FIV e/ou FeLV. Acredita-se que outros fatores possam contribuir na instalação de doenças orais em gatos de abrigos, já que houve predomínio de gatos com resultados negativos nos testes para os retrovírus.(AU)

Oral lesions and retroviruses in shelter cats / Afecções orais e retroviroses em gatos de abrigo

Oral lesions are common problems in feline medicine worldwide, and may be associated with different causes, such as infectious agents. There are only a few studies reporting the chief oral diseases and the results for retrovirus tests in shelter cats in Brazil, especially in the South region. This study aimed to identify the main inflammatory oral lesions in shelter cats and verify the test results for feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukemia virus (FeLV) infections. Forty-three felines from private shelters in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul state (RS) that presented clinically evident oral lesions, regardless of age, breed, sex, and neuter status, were used in this survey. Serological tests for FIV and FeLV were performed in all cats, and data regarding the rearing system were collected. Sixteen cats (37.2%) were reared in a free system, whereas 27 (62.8%) were kept under a restrict system. Of the 43 cats with oral lesions, 29 (67.44%) presented only one type of lesion, characterized as periodontitis (n=22, 51.16%), followed by gingivitis (n=6, 13.95%), and stomatitis (n=1, 2.32%). Concomitant stomatitis and periodontitis were found in the 14 remaining cats (100%). With respect to the test results for retrovirus infections, nine (20.93%) of the 43 felines were positive for FIV alone. Co-infection with both viruses was observed in seven cats (16.28%). No cat was seropositive for FeLV valone. None of the six cats that presented gingivitis was positive for FIV and FeLV; one cat with stomatitis was positive for FIV and FeLV; of the 22 cats with periodontitis, six (27.27%) were FIV positive and two (9.09%) were FIV/FeLV positive; and of the 14 cats that presented stomatitis and periodontitis, three (21.43%) were FIV positive and four (28.57%) were FIV/FeLV positive. As for diagnosis, 28 cats (65.1%) presented solely periodontal disease (PD), one cat (2.32%) had feline chronic gingivostomatitis (FCG) alone, and 14 (32.5%) had both PD and FCG. The results obtained show that the main oral lesions found in shelter cats in the central region of RS were gingivitis, stomatitis, and periodontitis. Periodontitis, in association or not with stomatitis, was the most frequently observed oral cavity lesion in FIV- and/or FeLV-positive cats. Other factors may contribute to installation of inflammatory oral diseases in shelter cats because most cats with oral cavity lesions tested negative for retrovirus infections.(AU)

As afecções orais são problemas comuns em medicina felina em diferentes locais do mundo e podem estar relacionadas a diferentes causas, como agentes infecciosos. Poucos estudos foram encontrados no Brasil sobre o levantamento das principais doenças orais e dos resultados de testes para retrovírus em gatos de abrigos, principalmente na região Sul. Diante disso, o objetivo deste artigo foi identificar as principais afecções orais inflamatórias em gatos de abrigos e verificar os resultados dos testes para o vírus da imunodeficiência felina (FIV) e o vírus da leucemia felina (FeLV). Foram incluídos 43 felinos provenientes de abrigos privados localizados na região central do Rio Grande do Sul (RS) que apresentavam lesões orais clinicamente evidentes, independente de idade, raça, gênero e estado reprodutivo. Em todos os gatos foram realizados testes sorológicos para FIV e FeLV e obtidas informações referentes ao sistema de criação. Em 16 gatos (37,2%), o sistema de criação era livre, enquanto em 27 (62,8%) era restrito. Dos 43 gatos com lesões orais, em 29 (67,44%) foi verificado somente um tipo de lesão, caracterizado como periodontite (n=22, 51,16%), seguido de gengivite (n=6, 13,95%) e estomatite (n=1, 2,32%). Lesões concomitantes de estomatite e periodontite foram encontradas nos 14 gatos (100%) restantes. Quanto aos resultados dos testes para retrovírus, nove (20,93%) dos 43 felinos testados, foram positivos somente para FIV. Em sete gatos (16,28%) foi observada coinfecção pelos dois vírus. Em nenhum gato foi observado soropositividade somente para FeLV. Dos seis gatos com gengivite, nenhum foi positivo para FIV e FeLV; um gato com estomatite foi positivo para FIV e FeLV; dos 22 gatos com periodontite, seis (27,27%) foram FIV positivos e dois (9,09%) FIV/FeLV positivos; e dos 14 com estomatite e periodontite, três (21,43%) foram FIV positivos e quatro (28,57%) FIV/FeLV positivos. Quanto ao diagnóstico, em 28 gatos (65,1%) foi observada somente doença periodontal (DP), em um (2,32%) somente gengivoestomatite crônica felina (GECF) e em 14 gatos (32,5%) DP e GECF. Diante dos resultados obtidos, pode-se concluir que as principais lesões orais encontradas em gatos de abrigos da região central do RS foram gengivite, estomatite e periodontite; a periodontite associada ou não a estomatite foi a lesão oral mais frequente nos gatos positivos para FIV e/ou FeLV. Acredita-se que outros fatores possam contribuir na instalação de doenças orais em gatos de abrigos, já que houve predomínio de gatos com resultados negativos nos testes para os retrovírus.(AU)

Green anaconda (Eunectes murinus) with bacterial clinical stomatitis

Background: Stomatitis is an infectious disease common in serpents and responsible for high mortality rates. It is characterized by the infection of the oral mucosa and neighboring tissues, related to the opportunistic character of bacteria presentin the normal microbiota, pathogenic in stressful situations. Few studies have described the profile of sensibility of theseagents in serpents of the Brazilian fauna. Therefore, this study has aimed at describing the isolation and identification ofthe infectious agents involved in the clinic stomatitis in a specimen of green anaconda (Eunectes murinus), and the profileof sensibility and resistance to antimicrobial agents.Case: The serpent has been rescued in an urban environment, without previous records and featured erosive injuries inits oral cavity, with the presence of secretion. In a clinical evaluation, it has been assessed that the specimen had erosiveinjuries in its oral cavity, with hyperemic points in its mucosa and serous secretion. Then the specimen went through acollection of the secretion from its oral cavity for microbiological analysis. Typical colonies of Enterococcus, Citrobacterand Enterobacter were identified by the colony morphology and their typical odor. The results of these tests were able toconfirm and identify the Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter and Enterococcus species. The profile of sensibility to antimicrobials of the isolated microorganisms has been determined through the method of diffusion in the disk of Kirby-Bauer.There was not any sensitive antimicrobial for the three agents. For treatment, based on the antimicrobial profile presented,was used Ciprofloxacin® associated to daily washings with solution of chlorhexidine 0.12% for 10 days. Clinical cure wasobserved at the end of this treatment.Discussion: Despite the high frequency of this disease...

Genomic features of a multidrug-resistant Enterobacter cloacae ST279 producing CTX-M-15 and AAC(6')-Ib-cr isolated from fatal infectious stomatitis in a crossed pit viper (Bothrops alternatus).

OBJECTIVES: The widespread dissemination of extended-spectrum ß-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae has become a major issue in veterinary medicine. However, until now, there has been no report of bacteria with such a phenotype in infected snakes. The aim of this study was to report the first draft genome sequence of an Enterobacter cloacae isolate (SERP1) recovered from a snake with infectious stomatitis. METHODS: The whole genome of E. cloacae strain SERP1 was sequenced on an Illumina NextSeq platform and was de novo assembled using CLC NGS Cell v.10. Data analysis was performed using online tools from the Center of Genomic Epidemiology. RESULTS: The genome size was calculated at 4966856bp, containing a total of 4796 protein-coding sequences. The strain was assigned to sequence type 279 (ST279) and, besides the clinically relevant blaCTX-M-15 and aac(6')-Ib-cr genes, it also presented resistance genes to ß-lactams, aminoglycosides, phenicols, sulphonamides, tetracyclines, trimethoprim, quinolones and fosfomycin. CONCLUSION: These data offer novel information regarding multidrug-resistant E. cloacae dissemination in wild animals and might contribute to further comparative genomic analysis.

Avaliação do uso de amicacina para tratamento de estomatite, causada por Proteus sp, em jiboia / Evaluation the use of amicacin for treatment of stomatitis, caused by Proteus sp, in Jiboia

The present study reports the occurrence of stomatitis caused by Proteus sp. in jiboia. Stomatitis is a pathology that affects snakes and is usually related to stress, or secondary to other diseases. Clinical signs are usually anorexia, oral edema, excessive mucus production, and formation of cases. Proteus sp., is a common anaerobic bacterium of the snake microbiota and has been described in several cases of stomatitis. Diagnosis was based on clinical examination, culture examination, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. An antibiotic therapy with amikacin was then performed to treat the disease. Animal has obtained clinical cure and can confirm the success of the therapy used.

Avaliação do uso de amicacina para tratamento de estomatite, causada por Proteus sp, em jiboia / Evaluation the use of amicacin for treatment of stomatitis, caused by Proteus sp, in Jiboia

The present study reports the occurrence of stomatitis caused by Proteus sp. in jiboia. Stomatitis is a pathology that affects snakes and is usually related to stress, or secondary to other diseases. Clinical signs are usually anorexia, oral edema, excessive mucus production, and formation of cases. Proteus sp., is a common anaerobic bacterium of the snake microbiota and has been described in several cases of stomatitis. Diagnosis was based on clinical examination, culture examination, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. An antibiotic therapy with amikacin was then performed to treat the disease. Animal has obtained clinical cure and can confirm the success of the therapy used.(AU)

Oral microbiota in healthy Bothrops atrox (Serpentes: Viperidae) and in snakes with stomatitis

The purpose of this study was to isolate bacteria found in the oral cavity of healthy Bothrops atrox and in snakes with stomatitis. The area around the snake fang sheaths were swabbed and the samples were placed in Stuart transport medium, and then seeded on blood agar and XLD agar. Gram staining and catalase and mannitol tests were performed to identify Gram positive bacteria, while biochemical screening with Rugai-lysine medium was used to identify Gram negative bacteria. Proteus spp. (37.5%), Escherichia coli (25%), Citrobacter spp. (18.76%), Serratia spp. (9.37%) and Enterobacter spp. (9.37%) were isolated from healthy snakes, while Escherichia coli (26.31%), Citrobacter spp. (21.05%), Proteus spp. (15.78%), Salmonella (10.52%), and Staphylococcus spp. (26.31 %) were isolated from snakes with stomatitis. Staphylococcus spp. in healthy snakes and in animals with stomatitis differed significantly, suggesting that this microorganism is associated with cases of stomatitis in Bothrops atrox.(AU)

Aerobic bacteria in oral cavity of Lancehead snakes (Bothrops atrox) with stomatitis / Bactérias aeróbicas da cavidade oral de jararaca-do-norte (Bothrops atrox) com estomatite

Stomatitis is a common disease found on snake farms, and Gram-negative bacilli are the main etiological agents that play an important role as secondary sources of viral or parasitic infections. The purpose of this work was to identify the aerobic bacteria in the oral cavity of Bothrops atrox with stomatitis. Samples for microbiological examination were collected from 12 snakes bred on a commercial snake farm for venom extraction. Samples of the secretion in the oral cavity of each serpent presenting stomatitis were collected from fang sheath, using a cotton swab with sterile alginate. The samples were incubated and cultured on Petri dishes containing blood agar and XLD agar using the agar depletion technique. Bacterial growth occurred in all analyzed samples collected from the oral cavity of Bothrops atrox with stomatitis, and some of the samples contained more than one microorganism. The following Gram-negative bacteria were isolated: Escherichia coli (26.31%), Citrobacter spp. (21.05%), Proteus spp. (15.78%) and Salmonella spp. (10.52%). The only Gram-positive bacterium that was isolated was Staphylococcus spp., which was present in 26.31% of the analyzed samples.(AU)

A estomatite é uma das doenças mais frequentes em criatórios comerciais de serpentes, sendo os bacilos Gram-negativos os principais agentes etiológicos com importante papel, como fontes secundárias, nas infecções virais ou parasitárias. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi analisar as bactérias aeróbicas presentes na cavidade oral em serpentes da espécie Bothrops atrox. Utilizaram-se 12 amostras colhidas com auxílio de swab estéril na região da bainha da presa, em serpentes que apresentaram estomatite, em um criatório comercial. As amostras foram cultivadas em Ágar-sangue e Ágar XLD. Em todas as amostras analisadas, houve crescimento de, pelo menos, um microrganismo. As bactérias Gramnegativas isoladas foram Escherichia coli (26,31%), Citrobacter spp. (21,05%), Proteus spp. (15,78%) e Salmonella spp. (10,52%). A única bactéria Gram-positiva isolada foi a Staphylococcus spp., presente em 26,31% das amostras analisadas.(AU)

Clinical, pathological, immunohistochemical and molecular characterization of feline chronic gingivostomatitis.

Objectives This study presents the clinical, pathological, immunohistochemical and molecular characterization of 26 cats with feline chronic gingivostomatitis (FCG). Methods Oral mucosal biopsies, blood and swabs were collected from cats presenting with oral lesions. The tissue sections were submitted for histopathology and immunohistochemical analysis for feline calicivirus (FCV), feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV). The swabs were subjected to PCR analysis for FCV, and blood for FeLV and FIV. Results The main clinical findings were dysphagia (88.2%), halitosis (76.5%), sialorrhea (47.1%), weight loss (41.2%), intense oral discomfort (35.3%), oral hemorrhage (17.6%), and lackluster and fragile coat (11.8%). Gross inspection revealed bilateral lesions across the palatoglossal fold to the lateral tongue base. The lesions were diffuse, proliferative, intensely red and friable, and bled easily upon examination in 80.8% of cases. In 23.1% of cases, the lesions were multifocal to coalescent, at times forming multiple vesicles on a reddened, edematous palatoglossal fold. Microscopic examination showed that 15.4% of lesions had moderate (grade 2) and 84.6% had severe (grade 3) inflammation. Immunohistochemistry revealed the presence of FeLV antigens in the epithelium and the inflammatory infiltrate of 30.8% of the cats with FCG. FCV antigens were not detected in the FCG lesions. Conclusions and relevance The FCG cases analyzed could not be correlated with FCV. It is possible that FeLV plays a role as a causal agent of lesions in cases where the presence of the virus has been confirmed by immunohistochemistry in epithelial samples.

Infección sistémica en herpes simple en una sagui-de-tufo-branco (Callithrix jacchus) en Semiárido em Paraiba / Systemic infection due to herpes simples virus in a white-tufted-ear marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) in the Semiarid Region of Paraiba, Brasil / Infecção sistêmica por herpesvírus simples em um sagui-de-tufo-branco (Callithrix jacchus) no Semiárido da Paraíba

Describe los aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos y patológicos de la infección por virus del herpes simple en un Sagui-de-tufo-branco (Callithrix jacchus) la región semiárida de Paraíba. La enfermedad se produjo en una hembra de 7 meses de edad que se encontro prostada con lesiones ulcerosas cutáneas y en la cavidad oral. Un niño con lesiones herpéticas orales aparentemente comparte el mismo alimento con el animal. En la necropsia se observaron lesiones vesiculares y ulceradas en la comisura de la boca, el paladar blando y la lengua. Histopatología había dermatitis facial, estomatitis y glositis pustular y ulcerativa asociada con meningoencefalitis no supurativa con vasculitis y corpúsculos inclusiones intranucleares en las células epiteliales, neuronas y células gliales, inclusiones personajes de tipo Cowdry A. El diagnóstico de la infección por virus del herpesvírus simplex se llevó a cabo por datos epidemiológicos, clínicos y patológicos y confirmada por inmunohistoquímica.

We describe the epidemiological, clinical and pathological aspects of a herpes virus simples infection in a white-tufted-ear marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) in the semiarid region of Paraiba. The disease occurred in a female marmoset, seven-month-old, which presented prostration and ulcerative lesions in the skin and oral cavity. The owners also informed that a child with oral herpetic lesions shared food with the animal. At necropsy, there were vesicular and ulcerative lesions on the labial commissure, soft palate and tongue were observed. On histopathology, there was facial dermatitis, stomatitis and pustular and ulcerative glossitis associated with nonsuppurative meningoencephalitis and vasculitis containing intranuclear Cowdry A type inclusion bodies in epithelial cells, neurons and glial cells. The diagnosis of herpesvirus simplex infection was performed by the epidemiological, clinical and pathological data and confirmed by immunohistochemistry.

Descrevem-se os aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e patológicos da infecção por herpesvírus simples em um sagui-de-tufo branco (Callithrix jacchus) no semiárido da Paraíba. A doença ocorreu em uma fêmea de 7 meses de idade que se apresentava prostrada e com lesões ulcerativas cutâneas e na cavidade oral. Uma criança com lesões orais herpéticas aparentemente compartilhava o mesmo alimento com o animal. Na necropsia, observaram-se lesões vesiculares e ulcerativas na comissura labial, palato mole e na língua. Na histopatologia, verificou-se dermatite facial, estomatite e glossite pustular e ulcerativa associada à meningoencefalite não supurativa com vasculite e corpúsculos de inclusões intranucleares em células epiteliais, neurônios e células da glia, características de inclusões de Cowdry tipo A. O diagnóstico de infecção pelo herpesvírus simplex foi realizado pelos dados epidemiológicos, clínico-patológicos e confirmado pela imuno-histoquímica.

Infección sistémica en herpes simple en una sagui-de-tufo-branco (Callithrix jacchus) en Semiárido em Paraiba / Systemic infection due to herpes simples virus in a white-tufted-ear marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) in the Semiarid Region of Paraiba, Brasil / Infecção sistêmica por herpesvírus simples em um sagui-de-tufo-branco (Callithrix jacchus) no Semiárido da Paraíba

Describe los aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos y patológicos de la infección por virus del herpes simple en un Sagui-de-tufo-branco (Callithrix jacchus) la región semiárida de Paraíba. La enfermedad se produjo en una hembra de 7 meses de edad que se encontro prostada con lesiones ulcerosas cutáneas y en la cavidad oral. Un niño con lesiones herpéticas orales aparentemente comparte el mismo alimento con el animal. En la necropsia se observaron lesiones vesiculares y ulceradas en la comisura de la boca, el paladar blando y la lengua. Histopatología había dermatitis facial, estomatitis y glositis pustular y ulcerativa asociada con meningoencefalitis no supurativa con vasculitis y corpúsculos inclusiones intranucleares en las células epiteliales, neuronas y células gliales, inclusiones personajes de tipo Cowdry A. El diagnóstico de la infección por virus del herpesvírus simplex se llevó a cabo por datos epidemiológicos, clínicos y patológicos y confirmada por inmunohistoquímica.(AU)

We describe the epidemiological, clinical and pathological aspects of a herpes virus simples infection in a white-tufted-ear marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) in the semiarid region of Paraiba. The disease occurred in a female marmoset, seven-month-old, which presented prostration and ulcerative lesions in the skin and oral cavity. The owners also informed that a child with oral herpetic lesions shared food with the animal. At necropsy, there were vesicular and ulcerative lesions on the labial commissure, soft palate and tongue were observed. On histopathology, there was facial dermatitis, stomatitis and pustular and ulcerative glossitis associated with nonsuppurative meningoencephalitis and vasculitis containing intranuclear Cowdry A type inclusion bodies in epithelial cells, neurons and glial cells. The diagnosis of herpesvirus simplex infection was performed by the epidemiological, clinical and pathological data and confirmed by immunohistochemistry.(AU)

Descrevem-se os aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e patológicos da infecção por herpesvírus simples em um sagui-de-tufo branco (Callithrix jacchus) no semiárido da Paraíba. A doença ocorreu em uma fêmea de 7 meses de idade que se apresentava prostrada e com lesões ulcerativas cutâneas e na cavidade oral. Uma criança com lesões orais herpéticas aparentemente compartilhava o mesmo alimento com o animal. Na necropsia, observaram-se lesões vesiculares e ulcerativas na comissura labial, palato mole e na língua. Na histopatologia, verificou-se dermatite facial, estomatite e glossite pustular e ulcerativa associada à meningoencefalite não supurativa com vasculite e corpúsculos de inclusões intranucleares em células epiteliais, neurônios e células da glia, características de inclusões de Cowdry tipo A. O diagnóstico de infecção pelo herpesvírus simplex foi realizado pelos dados epidemiológicos, clínico-patológicos e confirmado pela imuno-histoquímica.(AU)