Educação em saúde bucal em uma pré-escola: planejamento estratégico para o desenvolvimento de atividades lúdicas / Oral health education in pre-school: strategic planning for the development of ludic activities

Trata-se de um relato de experiência, que descreve, sob estratégia narrativo-argumentativa, as significâncias político-pedagógicas atreladas ao planejamento estratégico de ações de educação em saúde bucal vivenciadas em um ambiente escolar e experimentadas por acadêmicos estagiários de um curso de Odontologia. Após análise detalhada, algumas inferências se destacaram: o reconhecimento do ambiente escolar como território fértil para o desenvolvimento de ações promotoras de saúde; a efetividade do instrumento "TPC" (Teorizar-Praticar-Criticar) no direcionamento dos acadêmicos estagiários no planejamento estratégico de atividades de educação em saúde bucal; a importância de se disseminar, em espaços científicos, os aprendizados advindos de experimentações práticas de estágios.

This is a report on an experience that describes, under a narrative-argumentative strategy, the political-pedagogical significance linked to the strategic planning of oral health education actions experienced in a school environment and experienced by university trainees from a Dentistry course. After a detailed analysis, some inferences were observed: the recognition of the school environment as a fertile territory for the development of health-promoting actions; the effectiveness of the "TPC" (Theorize-Practice-Criticize) instrument in directing university trainees in the strategic planning of oral health education activities; the importance of disseminating, in scientific spaces, the learning from practical experimentation during internships.

Critical preparedness and operational response actions directed for the acute and post-acute COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil: the experience of a nationwide outpatient healthcare group.

ABSTRACT: While the new Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic rapidly spread across the world, South America was reached later in relation to Asia, Europe and the United States of America (USA). Brazil concentrates now the largest number of cases in the continent and, as the disease speedily progressed throughout the country, prompt and challenging operational strategies had to be taken by institutions caring for COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients in order to assure optimal workflows, triage, and management. Although hospitals in the USA, Europe and Asia have shared their experience on this subject, little has been discussed about such strategies in South America or by the perspective of outpatient centers, which are paramount in the radiology field. This article shares the guidelines adopted early in the pandemic by a nationwide outpatient healthcare center composed by a network of more than 200 patient service centers and nearly 2,000 radiologists in Brazil, discussing operational and patient management strategies, staff protection, changes adopted in the fellowship program, and the effectiveness of such measures.

Addressing Kentucky's Physician Shortage While Securing a Network for a Research-Intensive, Referral Academic Medical Center: Where Public Policy Meets Effective Clinical Strategic Planning.

A critical shortage of physicians is looming in the United States. The situation in Kentucky is especially dire, especially in rural areas. Class size constraints have resulted in the University of Kentucky College of Medicine (UK COM) unable to admit over 100 qualified Kentuckians each year. This article describes how leadership at University of Kentucky committed to addressing the state physician shortage while simultaneously strengthening relationships with critical partners through the establishment of two 4-year UK COM regional medical campuses. Based on criteria (such as a commitment to educating physicians, ample patients, sufficient willing physician preceptors, etc.), partners selected were Med Center Health, the leading health care system in southwestern Kentucky, and St. Elizabeth Healthcare, the predominant health care system in northern Kentucky. These regional campuses allow UK COM to expand its class size to 201 and total enrollment to 804, increasing from historically 70 to currently 120 graduates per year expected to practice in Kentucky. Critical to the success of this expansion is the buy-in of leadership and the Admissions Committee to consider students with a wider range of Medical College Admission Test scores. The regional clinical partners have substantially increased their teaching opportunities, with a greater ability to attract physicians. Both partners have made substantial financial contributions in support of the regional campuses. These relationships have energized UK COM engagement with its area alumni and have resulted in fewer Kentuckians referred out of state for advanced specialty care. Partnerships are also occurring with UK COM to increase graduate medical education offerings at the regional sites, fulfilling the vision of "training Kentuckians in Kentucky to practice in Kentucky."

Strategies for radiology departments in handling the COVID-19 pandemic.

The world is facing an unprecedented global pandemic in the form of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) which has ravaged all aspects of life, especially health systems. Radiology services, in particular, are under threat of being overwhelmed by the sheer number of patients affected, unless drastic efforts are taken to contain and mitigate the spread of the virus. Proactive measures, therefore, must be taken to ensure the continuation of diagnostic and interventional support to clinicians, while minimizing the risk of nosocomial transmission among staff and other patients. This article aims to highlight several strategies to improve preparedness, readiness and response towards this pandemic, specific to the radiology department.

Challenges of municipal planning from the perspective of nurse managers.

OBJECTIVES: to analyze the municipal planning developed by nurses coordinating Primary Health Care, aimed at coping with Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases, from the perspective of the Situational Strategic Planning. METHODS: a descriptive exploratory study with a qualitative approach developed in municipalities of a Health Region of Rio Grande do Sul State. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with the Primary Health Care coordination of the municipalities of the empirical area, between 2014 and 2015. Content analysis was the thematic and the theoretical perspective of strategic analysis. RESULTS: in the development of municipal planning regarding care for chronic illness, the study highlighted fragilities, which are a challenge for management. The Regional Municipal Planning is a tool that contributes to the articulation between actors involved in the organization of the health system. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: strategic insertion of Nursing in the field of Health prompts the debate about the role of this professional in the management of SUS.

Simulating the council-specific impact of anti-malaria interventions: A tool to support malaria strategic planning in Tanzania.

INTRODUCTION: The decision-making process for malaria control and elimination strategies has become more challenging. Interventions need to be targeted at council level to allow for changing malaria epidemiology and an increase in the number of possible interventions. Models of malaria dynamics can support this process by simulating potential impacts of multiple interventions in different settings and determining appropriate packages of interventions for meeting specific expected targets. METHODS: The OpenMalaria model of malaria dynamics was calibrated for all 184 councils in mainland Tanzania using data from malaria indicator surveys, school parasitaemia surveys, entomological surveillance, and vector control deployment data. The simulations were run for different transmission intensities per region and five interventions, currently or potentially included in the National Malaria Strategic Plan, individually and in combination. The simulated prevalences were fitted to council specific prevalences derived from geostatistical models to obtain council specific predictions of the prevalence and number of cases between 2017 and 2020. The predictions were used to evaluate in silico the feasibility of the national target of reaching a prevalence of below 1% by 2020, and to suggest alternative intervention stratifications for the country. RESULTS: The historical prevalence trend was fitted for each council with an agreement of 87% in 2016 (95%CI: 0.84-0.90) and an agreement of 90% for the historical trend (2003-2016) (95%CI: 0.87-0.93) The current national malaria strategy was expected to reduce the malaria prevalence between 2016 and 2020 on average by 23.8% (95% CI: 19.7%-27.9%) if current case management levels were maintained, and by 52.1% (95% CI: 48.8%-55.3%) if the case management were improved. Insecticide treated nets and case management were the most cost-effective interventions, expected to reduce the prevalence by 25.0% (95% CI: 19.7%-30.2) and to avert 37 million cases between 2017 and 2020. Mass drug administration was included in most councils in the stratification selected for meeting the national target at minimal costs, expected to reduce the prevalence by 77.5% (95%CI: 70.5%-84.5%) and to avert 102 million cases, with almost twice higher costs than those of the current national strategy. In summary, the model suggested that current interventions are not sufficient to reach the national aim of a prevalence of less than 1% by 2020 and a revised strategic plan needs to consider additional, more effective interventions, especially in high transmission areas and that the targets need to be revisited. CONCLUSION: The methodology reported here is based on intensive interactions with the NMCP and provides a helpful tool for assessing the feasibility of country specific targets and for determining which intervention stratifications at sub-national level will have most impact. This country-led application could support strategic planning of malaria control in many other malaria endemic countries.

Challenges of municipal planning from the perspective of nurse managers / Los desafíos de la planificación municipal desde la perspectiva de enfermeras gestoras / Os desafios do planejamento municipal a partir da perspectiva de enfermeiras gestoras

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze the municipal planning developed by nurses coordinating Primary Health Care, aimed at coping with Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases, from the perspective of the Situational Strategic Planning. Methods: a descriptive exploratory study with a qualitative approach developed in municipalities of a Health Region of Rio Grande do Sul State. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with the Primary Health Care coordination of the municipalities of the empirical area, between 2014 and 2015. Content analysis was the thematic and the theoretical perspective of strategic analysis. Results: in the development of municipal planning regarding care for chronic illness, the study highlighted fragilities, which are a challenge for management. The Regional Municipal Planning is a tool that contributes to the articulation between actors involved in the organization of the health system. Final considerations: strategic insertion of Nursing in the field of Health prompts the debate about the role of this professional in the management of SUS.

RESUMEN Objetivos: analizar la planificación municipal desarrollada por enfermeras coordinadoras de la Atención Primaria de Salud orientada al enfrentamiento de las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles bajo la perspectiva de la Planificación Estratégica Situacional. Métodos: estudio exploratorio descriptivo con abordaje cualitativo, desarrollado en municipios de una Región de Salud de Rio Grande do Sul. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas junto a las coordinaciones de Atención Primaria de Salud de los municipios del área empírica, entre 2014 y 2015. El análisis de contenido fue temático y la perspectiva teórica de análisis, estratégica. Resultados: en el desarrollo de la planificación municipal en la atención al enfermo crónico el estudio evidencia las fragilidades, colocándose como desafío para la gestión. La Planificación Municipal Regionalizada agrega como herramienta para contribuir con la articulación entre actores implicados en la organización del sistema de salud. Consideraciones finales: la inserción estratégica de la Enfermería en el campo de la Salud incita el debate acerca del papel de este profesional en la gestión del SUS.

RESUMO Objetivos: analisar o planejamento municipal desenvolvido por enfermeiras coordenadoras da Atenção Primária à Saúde, voltado para o enfrentamento das Doenças Crônicas Não Transmissíveis, sob a perspectiva do Planejamento Estratégico Situacional. Métodos: estudo exploratório descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa, desenvolvido em municípios de uma Região de Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas junto às coordenações de Atenção Primária à Saúde dos municípios da área empírica, entre 2014 e 2015. A análise de conteúdo foi a temática e a perspectiva teórica de análise estratégica. Resultados: no desenvolvimento do planejamento municipal na atenção ao adoecimento crônico, o estudo evidenciou as fragilidades, colocando-se como desafio para a gestão. O Planejamento Municipal Regionalizado agrega como ferramenta para contribuir com a articulação entre atores implicados na organização do sistema de saúde. Considerações finais: a inserção estratégica da Enfermagem no campo da Saúde incita o debate acerca do papel deste profissional na gestão do SUS.

Local Health Departments' Engagement in Addressing Health Disparities: The Effect of Health Informatics.

CONTEXT: Health disparities and health inequities can lead to poor health outcomes. However, health disparities continue to persist in communities across the United States, presenting a crucial public health challenge. Persisting budget cuts and workforce challenges tend to hinder local health departments' (LHDs') ability to assess and address health disparities. OBJECTIVES: To examine the extent to which LHDs' use of informatics effects their engagement in strategies and activities addressing health disparities. METHODS: Data from the 2016 Profile of LHDs were used in examining the association of informatics with 9 activities addressing health disparities/inequities. RESULTS: Fifty-nine percent of LHDs used data and described health disparities in their jurisdiction, and 12% conducted original research to link health disparities to differences in social or environmental conditions. Less than 40% of LHDs prioritized resources for the reduction of health disparities. LHDs that implemented information systems had increased odds of describing the disparities in their jurisdiction (P < .01) and having prioritized resources for the reduction of disparities (P < .01). Per capita expenditures, participation in a national accreditation program process, and a larger LHD population were also positively associated with 7 of 9 activities for addressing health disparities/inequities. CONCLUSIONS: As LHDs advance efforts to reduce health disparities and inequities, leadership will find informatics a useful strategy. National initiatives aimed to boost LHDs' engagement in the reduction of disparities might benefit from our findings, positing a positive influence of informatics.

Avaliação da implantação do Sistema de Controle, Acompanhamento e Avaliação de Resultados (Sistema e-Car) na Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde do Ministério da Saúde do Brasil, no período de 2012 - 2015 / Evaluación de la implantación del Sistema de Control, Monitoreo y Evaluación de Resultados (Sistema e-Car) en la Secretaría de Vigilancia en Salud del Ministerio de Salud de Brasil, en el período de 2012 - 2015 / Evaluation of the Results Control, Monitoring and Evaluation System (e-Car system) Implementation at the Health Surveillance Secretariat, Brazilian Ministry of Health, 2012-2015

Objetivo: avaliar a implantação do Sistema de Controle, Acompanhamento e Avaliação de Resultados (e-Car) na Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde (SVS) do Ministério da Saúde, no período de 2012 a 2015. Métodos: estudo de avaliação utilizando métodos mistos para a coleta de dados primários e secundários, seguido da definição do grau de implantação do sistema e da análise da influência do contexto político-organizacional. Resultados: o sistema e-Car foi considerado implantado na SVS, alcançando o percentual de 75,4%; as piores performances da dimensão de estrutura foram relacionadas ao serviço de manutenção dos computadores e do sistema operacional, bem como ao baixo conhecimento sobre o manual do sistema; na dimensão de processo, a existência de instâncias colegiadas foi considerada benéfica para o monitoramento. Conclusão: o sistema e-Car foi implantado na SVS; entretanto, sua sustentabilidade mostrou-se frágil, sendo recomendados a institucionalização e o fortalecimento das práticas de monitoramento e avaliação pela SVS.

Objetivo: evaluar la implantación del Sistema de Control, Monitoreo y Evaluación de Resultados (e-Car) en la Secretaría de Vigilancia en Salud (SVS) del Ministerio de Salud de Brasil, en el período de 2012 a 2015. Métodos: estudio de evaluación de métodos mixtos para la recolección de datos primarios y secundarios, seguido de la definición del grado de implantación del sistema y análisis de la influencia del contexto político-organizacional. Resultados: el sistema e-Car fue considerado implantado en la SVS, alcanzando un 75,4%; las peores actuaciones de la dimensión de estructura fueron el servicio de mantenimiento de las computadoras y del sistema operacional, así como el bajo conocimiento del manual del sistema; en la dimensión de proceso, la existencia de instancias colegiadas fue considerada benéfica para el monitoreo. Conclusión: el sistema e-Car fue implantado en la SVS; todavía, su sostenibilidad se mostró frágil, recomendándose la institucionalización y el fortalecimiento de las prácticas de monitoreo y evaluación por la SVS.

Objective: to evaluate the implementation of the Results Control, Monitoring and Evaluation System (e-Car) at the Health Surveillance Secretariat (SVS), Brazilian Ministry of Health, in the period 2012-2015. Methods: this was an evaluation study using mixed methods for collection of primary and secondary data, followed by definition of the system's degree of implementation and analysis of the influence of the political-organizational context. Results: the e-Car System was considered to have been implemented (75.4%) at SVS; the worst scores for its structure dimension related to the computer and operating system maintenance service, as well as little knowledge of the system manual; as for the system's process dimension, the existence of collegiate bodies was considered beneficial for monitoring. Conclusion: the e-Car System had been implemented at SVS; however, its sustainability was fragile, and SVS was recommended to institutionalize and strengthen its monitoring and evaluation practices.

Use of the Staged Development Tool for Assessing, Planning, and Measuring Progress in the Development of National Public Health Institutes.

The Staged Development Tool (SDT) was created to help national public health institutes (NPHIs) assess their current capacity and develop roadmaps for achieving a higher level of functioning. This article discusses the current use of the SDT by national public health institutes to establish baseline capacity and inform strategic planning and its proposed use in a 3-step sequence for measuring the impact of capacity-building interventions over time. The article also includes descriptions of how national public health institutes have been using the SDT to assess their baseline capacity in management issues and core public health functions. The first use of the SDT by a national public health institute provides essential baseline information on their capacities and levels of functioning and plans for addressing gaps. By repeating the SDT after time for the plans to be implemented, the SDT can be used to evaluate changes in capacity and the effectiveness of the interventions made. Because the SDT is built to be complementary to existing assessments and public health strengthening tools and guidelines, implementing the SDT provides concrete, complementary information that can help countries achieve global health security goals and address current and future threats to public health.

Omics research ethics considerations.

BACKGROUND: Pending revisions to the Common Rule include topics consistent with respect for persons, justice, and beneficence for research subjects in studies using omics technologies and are relevant to omics research. PURPOSE: Synthesize trends in bioethics, precision health, and omics nursing science for novice and experienced nursing scholars from which to consider bioethics questions. METHODS: Review topics addressed in the National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR) strategic plan, Common Rule pending revisions, and publications regarding human subjects protection policies. DISCUSSION: Omics research involves decisions regarding understandable informed consent, broad consent, data sharing, trust, equal benefit, equal access, societal variables, privacy, data security, and return of findings to participants. CONCLUSION: Principles of respect for persons, justice, and beneficence as articulated in the Belmont report and reflected in the American Nurses Association (ANA) Code of Ethics provide guidance for human subjects protection procedures to advance omics and nursing science.

Balance Scorecard, herramienta de calidad en la Escuela de Medicina de la Universidad Justo Sierra / Balance Scorecard quality tool at the Justo Sierra Medical School

Introducción: Las instituciones de educación superior que voluntariamente solicitan participar en sistemas de acreditación están sujetas al cumplimiento de estándares para lograr la calidad en el interior de sus instituciones, lo que hace necesario contar con un sistema de evaluación que les permita medir y controlar eficaz y eficientemente la misión y la planeación estratégica. Objetivo: Aplicar el Balance Scorecard (BSC) como una herramienta de calidad útil para evaluar la eficiencia y el rendimiento de la misión en la Escuela de Medicina. Sujetos y métodos: Para evaluar la eficacia y el rendimiento se aplicó la metodología de análisis envolvente de datos en tres patrones que se construyeron con las perspectivas que estudia el BSC: usuarios/finanzas/procesos internos, usuarios/finanzas/aprendizaje y crecimiento, y procesos internos/aprendizaje y crecimiento. Se alinearon 71 indicadores del programa de evaluación integral con las cuatro perspectivas del BSC, con los que se integraron tres patrones que evaluaron la efectividad/rendimiento de la unidad académico-administrativa considerando un punto de corte > 0,6-1 para interpretarlo como eficiente. Resultados: La correlación lineal por r de Pearson fue de 1 positiva en los nuevos patrones evaluados en los tres principios axiológicos. El análisis factorial obtuvo un resultado de 0,83 (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin). Los valores extraídos del análisis factorial oscilaron entre 0,91 y 0,68 en ocho patrones, lo que representa el 88% de desempeño favorable. Conclusión: El BSC es una herramienta de calidad útil y aplicable al contexto educativo al medir el cumplimiento de la misión en la Escuela de Medicina de la Universidad Justo Sierra

Introduction: Higher Education Institutions that voluntarily request to participate in accreditation systems are subject to compliance with standards to achieve quality within their institutions, which makes it necessary to have an evaluation system that allows them to measure and control the mission effectively and efficiently. Aim: To apply the Balance Scorecard (BSC) as a useful quality tool to evaluate the efficiency and performance of the mission in the School of Medicine. Subjects and methods: To evaluate the efficiency and performance, the DEA (Data Sheath Analysis) methodology was applied in three patterns that were constructed with the perspectives studied by the BSC: users/financial/internal processes, users/financial/learning and growth, and internal processes/learning and growth. Seventy-one indicators of the Comprehensive Assessment Program were aligned with the four perspectives of the BSC, which integrated three patterns that evaluated the effectiveness/performance of the academic-administrative unit considering a cut-off point > 0.60 to 1 to interpret it as efficient. Results: The linear correlation by r of Pearson was 1 positive in the new patterns evaluated in the three axiological principles. The factor analysis obtained a score of 0.830 (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin). The values extracted from factorial analysis ranged from 0.91 to 0.68 in eight patterns representing 88% of favorable performance. Conclusion: The BSC is a tool of useful quality and applicable to the educational context when measuring the fulfillment of the Mission in the School of Medicine of the Justo Sierra University