Representação social da escola: relato de um estudo de caso instrumental / Representación social de la escuela: relato de un estudio de caso instrumental / Social representation of the school: report of an instrumental case study

RESUMO. A infrequência, evasão e o abandono escolar se apresentam como um problema social apoiado em legislações que regulamentam a universalização do acesso escolar. A presente pesquisa tem como meta identificar as representações sociais que um estudante, com histórico de infrequência escolar, possui a respeito da escola e de quanto essas significações contribuíram com o fortalecimento ou enfraquecimento de seu vínculo escolar. Para tanto, foi participante do estudo um adolescente do primeiro ano do ensino médio, com idade de 16 anos. Foram utilizados, como instrumento de coleta de dados, um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturada, desenho livre, diário de campo e observação livre. A análise das informações foi realizada baseando-se na proposta de Creswell da qual derivaram três temas: (a) a infrequência escolar como coadjuvante de um contexto; (b) o resgate das potencialidades virtuosas: um olhar para a singularidade e (c) escola como um lugar de fortalecimento das potencialidades virtuosas. Os resultados encontrados nesse estudo indicaram que a escola foi representada pelo estudante de forma distinta de acordo com cada vivência escolar. Desse modo, é necessário que as escolas sejam espaços que considerem as singularidades e necessidades de seus estudantes.

RESUMEN. La infrecuencia, la evasión y el abandono escolar se presentan como un problema social en legislaciones que regulan una universalización del acceso escolar. La presente investigación buscó identificar cómo las representaciones sociales que tienen un historial de infrecuencia escolar, tienen un respeto por la escuela y en cuánto contribuyeron estos significados al fortalecimiento o debilitamiento de su vínculo escolar. Para ello, un adolescente participó en el estúdio, 1er año de bachillerato, con edad de 16 años. Se utilizaron como instrumento de recopilación de datos, entrevista semiestructurada, diseño libre, diario de campo y observación libre. El análisis de la información se realizo a partir de la propuesta de Creswell, de la cual se derivaron três temas: (a) Una infrecuencia escolar como coadyuvante de un contexto; (b) El rescate de las potencialidades virtuosas: una mirada a la singularidad y (c) La escuela como un lugar de fortalecimiento de las potencialidades virtuosas. Los resultados encontrados en eso estudio indicó que la escuela fue representada por el estudiante de una manera diferente según la experiencia de cada escuela. De ese modo, se hace necesario que las escuelas son espacios que consideran las singularidades y necesidades de sus alumnos.

ABSTRACT Nonattendance, truancy and dropping out of school represent a social problem in legislation that regulates the universal access to education. The present study sought to identify social representations that a student, with a history of school nonattendance, had about the school and how much such meanings contributed to strengthen or weaken his school bond. For this purpose, a teenager in the 1st grade high school, aged 16, was the participant in the study. Data were collected by a semi-structured interview, free drawing, field diary and free observation. Information analysis was based on Creswell's proposal, from which three themes emerged: (a) School nonattendance as an adjunct to a context; (b) Rescue of virtuous potentialities: a look at singularity and (c) School as a place of strengthening virtuous potentialities. Our results indicated that the school was represented by the student in a different way according to each school experience. Thus, it is necessary for schools to be spaces that consider the singularities and needs of their students.

Características sociodemográficas, económicas y de salud de los beneficiarios de los Servicios Educacionales Complementarios Básicos / Sociodemographic, economic and health-related characteristics of the beneficiaries of Basic Complementary Educational Services

Introducción: La nueva Ley Universitaria 30220 permite mejorar las condiciones básicas de calidad universitaria en Perú, y es pertinente conocer las condiciones del estudiante y su procedencia para la mejora continua de su progreso académico. Objetivo: Determinar las características sociodemográficas, económicas y de salud de beneficiarios de los servicios educacionales complementarios básicos de la Universidad Nacional de Frontera, Sullana Perú. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio descriptivo. Se revisaron los cuestionarios socioeconómicos, familiares y de salud de los beneficiarios. La población fue censal y ascendió a 1285 estudiantes. Resultados: Del total de estudiantes, 64 por ciento fueron mujeres y 35 por ciento hombres; asimismo, se determinó un elevado porcentaje de estudiantes con servicio de agua por horas, y se observó que algunos trabajaban en ocupaciones de ventas, en trabajo independiente y como mototaxistas. También se determinó que la mayoría de los estudiantes percibían un sueldo mensual entre 250-500 soles. En cuanto a la vacunación, se determinó que los estudiantes se colocaron la vacuna antitetánica, la vacuna contra el sarampión, la vacuna contra la hepatitis B, y la vacuna contra el virus del papiloma humano. Además, se halló un bajo porcentaje de estudiantes con asma, con algún tipo de alergia, y con padecimiento de alguna discapacidad, depresión y abuso sexual. Conclusiones: El servicio complementario de salud que brinda la universidad es pertinente para reducir riesgos de deserción por motivos de salud durante el pregrado. Aunque se necesita articular esfuerzos con los Gobiernos locales para establecer programas de salud(AU)

Introduction: The new University Law 30220 allows improving the basic conditions of university quality in Peru, insofar it is pertinent to know students' conditions and origins in view of the continuous improvement of their academic progress. Objective: To determine the sociodemographic, economic and health-related characteristics of beneficiaries of basic complementary educational services of the National University of Frontera in Sullana, Peru. Methods: This is a descriptive study. The socioeconomic, family and health questionnaires of the beneficiaries were reviewed. The population was of census type and amounted to 1,285 students. Results: Of the total of students, 64 percent were women and 35 percent were men. Likewise, a high percentage of students with hourly water service was determined, as well as some were observed to work in sales occupations, self-employment and as motorcycle taxi drivers. Most of the students were observed to receive a monthly salary between 250-500 soles. Regarding vaccination, the students were observed to receive vaccines against tetanus, measles, hepatitis B and human papillomavirus vaccines. In addition, a low percentage of students with asthma, with some type of allergy or suffering from some disability, depression and sexual abuse was found. Conclusions: The complementary health service offered by the university is pertinent to reduce the risk of dropping out due to health-related reasons during undergraduate studies. Although it is necessary to coordinate efforts with local governments for establish health programs(AU)

Estratégias pedagógicas de inclusão e retenção de estudantes em tempos de pandemia: relato de experiência / Pedagogical strategies for the inclusion and retention of students in pandemic period: experience report

Trata-se de um artigo de relato de experiência que objetiva descrever o uso das ferramentas e estratégias adotadas pelas Faculdades Nova Esperança (Facene) visando àinclusão e retenção dos estudantesdurante a suspensão das atividades acadêmicas presenciais. A Facene disponibilizou uma plataforma de interface, o Ambiente Virtual de Aprendizagem, que possibilitou aos professores continuar com suas aulas teóricas em modalidade síncrona, no mesmo dia e horário da modalidade presencial, visando maior interaçãoe engajamento dos estudantes durante as aulas.Modalidades diferenciadas e adaptadas de avaliações e Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso, além de atendimento psicológico e pedagógico são descritas como fundamentais para que a Facene obtivesse uma evasão acumulada do semestre reduzida, diante da expectativa de maior evasão devido a suspensão das atividades presenciais decorrenteda pandemia. As medidas pedagógicas adotadas no Plano de Contingência Institucional da Facene tiveramêxito como estratégias de inclusão e retenção dos estudantes, além de minimizar as limitaçõespor elesvivenciadas na continuidade da sua rotina acadêmica, ajudando-os no processo remoto de ensino, aprendizagem e avaliação (AU).

This experience report describes technological tools and strategies adopted by Nova Esperança Faculty (Facene) and provides examples of inclusion and retention of students during suspension of in-person academic activities. Facene provided an interface platform, the Virtual Learning Environment, which enabled professors to continue with theoretical classes via synchronous modality onthe same day and time of in-person modality, enhancing interaction and engagement during classes. Different and adapted modalities of evaluations and undergraduate dissertation and psychological and pedagogical assistance helped decrease dropout rates of the semester, considering the pandemic context. Pedagogical strategies of the institutional contingency plan of Nova Esperança Faculty were successful in minimizing limitations experienced by students in the continuity of their academic routine, assisting in the remote teaching process, learning, and evaluation (AU).

Dental students' dropout rates and professional practice adherence among graduates from a public institution / Taxas de evasão dos estudantes de Odontologia e adesão à prática profissional entre os formados por uma instituição pública

This study presents a quantitative analysis of data related to the dropout rates at the School of Dentistry at Federal University of South Mato Grosso (FAODO-UFMS) and graduates' professional activity, covering the period between its implementation in 1964 until the year 2015. The data obtained were associated with the existing admission system during the period. The graduates' adherence to the professional practice was investigated and the professional practice time of these graduates and of those ones from other Higher Education Institutions (HEI) in the state of South Mato Grosso (MS). A significance level of 5% was adopted. The Unified Selection System (USS) has a strong correlation with Dental School dropout rates at UFMS. There was no statistical difference in the comparison between students who were admitted by nationwide competition (Vestibular), quotas, or through the use of vacant positions. The average time extent of Dentistry's practice has decreased in MS in recent decades, being statistically lower for the UFMS' graduates than for those ones from other HEI (p<0.001). Of the graduates from the years 1971 to 1990, the percentage of those who have been/are in practice for over 30 years reached 71.43%. The dropout rates at FAODO-UFMS increased with the use of USS as an admission system. Both USS and increase in vacancy at FAODO-UFMS did not show favorable results when related to adherence to the course. The average time of practice for Dentistry in MS has been decreasing, especially for those not graduated from FAODO-UFMS (AU).

Este estudo apresenta uma análise quantitativa dos dados relacionados à taxa de evasão na Fa- culdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal do Sul de Mato Grosso (FAODO-UFMS) e à ati- vidade profissional de seus licenciados, abran- gendo o período entre a sua implantação, em 1964, até ao ano 2015. Os dados obtidos foram associados ao sistema de admissão existente du- rante esse período. Foi investigada a adesão dos diplomados à prática profissional e a duração da prática profissional destes licenciados e dos di- plomados em outras Instituições de Ensino Supe- rior (IES), no estado do Mato Grosso do Sul (MS). Foi adotado um nível de significância de 5%. O Sistema de Seleção Unificado (SISU) tem uma forte correlação com a taxa de evasão na FAODO-UFMS. Não houve diferença estatística na comparação entre estudantes que foram admi- tidos por concurso nacional (Vestibular), Cotas, ou para utilização de vagas ociosas. O tempo mé- dio de prática da Odontologia diminuiu no MS nas últimas décadas, sendo a dos licenciados de outras IES estatisticamente inferior (p<0,001) àquela dos que se graduaram na FAODO-UFMS. Dos formados nos anos de 1971 à 1990, a percen- tagem daqueles que estiveram/estão na prática há mais de 30 anos atingiu 71,43%. A taxa de eva- são, na FAODO-UFMS aumentou com a utiliza- ção do SISU como sistema de admissão. Tanto o SISU como o aumento de vagas na FAODO- UFMS não mostraram resultados favoráveis com relação à aderência ao curso. O tempo médio de prática da Odontologia no MS tem diminuído, es- pecialmente para aqueles que não se graduaram na FAODO-UFMS (AU).

Abandono escolar en medicina: análisis de tres promociones / School dropout in Medicine: analysis of three generations

INTRODUCCIÓN: El abandono escolar representa desde hace años uno de los grandes problemas a los que se enfrenta la educación en México, principalmente a nivel superior y en licenciaturas de alta exigencia académica como es el caso de medicina. SUJETOS Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó un análisis cuantitativo de tres promociones de la licenciatura de médico cirujano de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México con el fin de comparar el abandono escolar según sexo y promoción. RESULTADOS: Se observó que el primer año de la licenciatura de médico cirujano es donde se presenta un mayor porcentaje de abandono escolar (77%), con un predominio de población femenina y abandono definitivo. CONCLUSIÓN: Se estudió el comportamiento estudiantil de la licenciatura de Médico Cirujano para replantear métodos y estrategias institucionales en términos de abandono escolar

INTRODUCTION: For years, school dropout has represented one of the greatest problems that education in Mexico faces, mainly at the higher level and in highly demanding academic degrees such as Medicine. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We carried out a quantitative analysis of three generations enrolled in Medicine Bachelor of the UNAM's School of Medicine in order to compare school dropouts by sex and generation. RESULTS: It was observed that the Medicine Bachelor's first year is where the highest percentage of school dropouts (77%) occurs, with a predominance of female population and definitive dropout. CONCLUSION: Medicine Bachelor's student behavior was studied to rethink institutional methods and strategies focused on scholar dropout

The psychosocial wellbeing of orphans: The case of early school leavers in socially depressed environment in Mpumalanga Province, South Africa.

BACKGROUND: The emergence of a large population of orphaned youth in sub-Saharan Africa is due to the natural maturity of orphaned children. Research indicates that orphaned youth face more negative psychosocial challenges than their younger counterparts do. Furthermore, these challenges are intensified for early school leavers. This paper describes how experiencing maternal death affects the psychosocial wellbeing of orphaned youth who left school before completing high school. METHODS: An exploratory qualitative study was undertaken among purposively sampled orphaned youth using in-depth interviews with open-ended questions. Fifty participants were recruited through social workers, community based organisations, and tribal authorities in a rural local municipality of Mpumalanga Province, South Africa. All data analyses were performed using NVivo10, following an inductive thematic approach. RESULTS: The narratives with the participants revealed that they live in a socially depressed environment and are subjected to extreme poverty characterised by frequent hunger. Furthermore, they do not enjoy family support and when they live with their extended families, they experience ill treatment and unsympathetic gestures. The death of their mothers has made a negative psychological impact on their psychosocial wellbeing, resulting in the development of internalising depressive symptoms. They suffer from emotional distress and prolonged bereavement characterised by perpetual yearning for the mother and, they resort to silence as a coping strategy. The study established that they were forced to leave school early for a variety of reasons. However, leaving school early became a major stressor and contributed to their negative psychosocial wellbeing. CONCLUSION: Maternal death has a negative impact on the psychosocial wellbeing of the participants even after they have crossed the 18 years threshold of orphan hood. Yearning for their mothers negatively affected their ability to develop coping strategies, which led to isolation, sadness, hopelessness, lack of peace, and fear of an uncertain future. The lack of routine screening for mental health in schools and other settings in South Africa increases their vulnerability to undiagnosed depression. The school health services should develop interventions for mental health screening in schools. For early school leavers, relevant policies should consider the continuation of support through NGOs and community networks.

The Effects of Enrolling in Oversubscribed Prekindergarten Programs Through Third Grade.

This study leverages naturally occurring lotteries for oversubscribed Boston Public Schools prekindergarten program sites between 2007 and 2011, for 3,182 children (M = 4.5 years old) to estimate the impacts of winning a first choice lottery and enrolling in Boston prekindergarten versus losing a first choice lottery and not enrolling on children's enrollment and persistence in district schools, grade retention, special education placement, and third-grade test scores. There are large effects on enrollment and persistence, but no effects on other examined outcomes for this subsample. Importantly, children who competed for oversubscribed seats were not representative of all appliers and almost all control-group children attended center-based preschool. Findings contribute to the larger evidence base and raise important considerations for future prekindergarten lottery-based studies.

Dropout and transfer paths: What are the risky profiles when analyzing university persistence with machine learning techniques?

University dropout is a growing problem with considerable academic, social and economic consequences. Conclusions and limitations of previous studies highlight the difficulty of analyzing the phenomenon from a broad perspective and with bigger data sets. This paper proposes a new, machine-learning based method, able to examine the problem using a holistic approach. Advantages of this method include the lack of strong distribution hypothesis, the capacity for handling bigger data sets and the interpretability of the results. Results are consistent with previous research, showing the influence of personal and contextual variables and the importance of academic performance in the first year, but other factors are also highlighted with this model, such as the importance of dedication (part or full time), and the vulnerability of the students with respect to their age. Additionally, a comprehensive graphic output is included to make it easier to interpret the discovered rules.

Pilot Evaluation of a Conservation Corps Program for Young Adults.

Education and employment programs may be effective at reducing problem behaviors among at-risk young adults. This pilot study evaluated whether participants in a Conservation Corps program (N = 100) showed changes in antisocial behavior, gang membership, and substance use during the program. Participants were young adults between 18 and 24 years who were predominantly male (60%) and ethnic minority (62% Latino; 31% African American). Over the course of the 22-week program, participants showed significant decreases in self-reported antisocial behavior and gang involvement, and approximately 28% earned a high school diploma. However, only 61% completed the program, and subgroup analyses suggested that decreased gang membership and antisocial behaviors were mostly driven by program completers. These limited pilot results suggest that the Conservation Corps offers vulnerable young adults opportunities for education advancement and a possible pathway to criminal desistance. However, education and employment programs should make retention a priority.

Deserción y repitencia en estudiantes de la carrera de Enfermería matriculados en el período 2010-2015. Universidad Técnica de Manabí. Ecuador. 2017 / Dropping out and repetition in Nursing students enrolled in the period 2010-2015. Technical University of Manabí. Ecuador. 2017

INTRODUCCIÓN: La deserción escolar es un problema socioeducativo y constituye un fenómeno recurrente en América Latina. OBJETIVO: Analizar las causas que están incidiendo en la repitencia y deserción de los estudiantes matriculados en el período 2010-2015 en la carrera de Enfermería de la Universidad Técnica de Manabí. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó una investigación descriptiva, de corte transversal, retrospectiva, calculándose una muestra significativa de 60 educandos de un universo de 146 estudiantes matriculados en la carrera de Enfermería, período 2010-2015, que hasta la fecha no se han graduado. Se elaboró un cuestionario, centrado en las posibles causas relacionadas con la deserción y la repitencia escolar en estudiantes universitarios. RESULTADOS: Los resultados precisaron el predominio del sexo femenino y la procedencia rural. Las principales causas de deserción y repitencia escolar fueron las ausencias a clases, docentes poco explícitos en sus clases y que no siempre se guían por el syllabus o programa de estudio en la impartición de los contenidos, poca ayuda brindada por el profesor en la tutoría a los estudiantes, las preguntas de exámenes en ocasiones no se ajustan a los contenidos impartidos y la cantidad excesiva de trabajos autónomos. CONCLUSIONES: La encuesta aplicada mostró que existe mayoría en los estudiantes del sexo femenino, y gran parte de ellos proceden de zona rural. Se pudieron constatar, además, las principales causas que están incidiendo en la no graduación en esta cohorte y los factores que conspiran con la repitencia y la deserción en estos estudiantes

INTRODUCTION: Dropping out of university courses is a socio-educational problem and is a recurrent phenomenon in Latin America. OBJECTIVE: To analyse the causes that lead to the repetition and dropout of the students enrolled in the 2010-2015 period, in the nursing course of the Technical University of Manabí. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective study was carried out, on sample of 60 students (calculated to be significant) from a population of 146 students enrolled in the nursing course, 2010-2015 period, who had still not graduated. A questionnaire was prepared that focused on the possible causes related to school dropout and repetition in university students. RESULTS: The results indicated the predominance of female sex, rural origin, with the main causes of school dropout and repetition were absence in classes, teachers not very explicit in their classes, and are not always guided by the syllabus or study program in the teaching of the contents, little help provided by the teacher in the tutoring of the students, the exam questions sometimes do not adjust to the contents taught, and the excessive amount of self-study. CONCLUSIONS: The survey showed that there is a majority of female students, and most of them from rural areas, as well as showing the main causes that affect the non-graduation in this cohort and the factors that lead to dropping out and repetition these students

Educa-me ou te mato! / ¡Edúcame o te mato! / Educate me or I will kill you!

emos pensado que a repetição da errância e da marginalidade na trajetória escolar de meninos e meninas que chegam à socioeducação acaba colocando a escola em um lugar complicado, um real não simbolizado em suas vidas. Ao não estarem incluídos nos sonhos e nas utopias educativas de nosso país, ao não serem sonhados como sujeitos educáveis e escolarizáveis, lhes apresentamos, enquanto sociedade, o que eles verbalizam: suas vidas se reduzem a matar ou morrer, ou seja, se encontram com o real da morte. Nesse contexto, abrimos algumas questões que irão nortear este artigo: o que se passa com esses adolescentes que migram da instituição escolar para a socioeducativa? O que temos feito, ou deixado de fazer, para que esses jovens não colem na escola e não se interessem pelo crime? Por que acabam por fazer suas trajetórias de vida junto ao tráfico e não nos bancos escolares? Qual a transmissão que aí não se faz? Que jovens a escola brasileira considera como "seus"?

Hemos pensado que la repetición de la equivocación y de la marginalidad en la trayectoria escolar de Hemos pensado que la repetición de la equivocación y de la marginalidad en la trayectoria escolar de niños y niñas que llegan a la socioeducación termina por dejar la escuela en un lugar complicado, un real no simbolizado en sus vidas. Al no estar incluidos en los sueños y en las utopías educativas de nuestro país, al no ser soñados como sujetos educables y escolarizables, les presentamos, como sociedad, lo que ellos verbalizan: sus vidas se reducen a matar o a morir, o sea, se encuentran con el real de la muerte. En ese contexto, abrimos algunas cuestiones que van a guiar el presente artículo: ¿Qué pasa con esos adolescentes que migran de la institución escolar a la institución socioeducativa? ¿Qué hemos hecho, o dejado de hacer, para que esos jóvenes no se interesen por en la escuela y se interesen más por el crimen? ¿Por qué acaban por tener sus trayectorias de vida junto al tráfico, pero no en los bancos escolares? ¿Cuál es la transmisión que no se hace? ¿Qué jóvenes la escuela brasileña les considera como "suyos"?

We have thought that the repetition of the wandering and the marginality in educational trajectory of boys and girls who arrive at socio-education ends up putting the school in a complicated status, a real not symbolized in their lives. By not being included in the educational dreams and utopias of our country, by not being dreamed as educable and schooling subjects, we present to them, as a society, what they verbalize: their lives are reduced to killing or dying, that is, they meet the real of death. In this context, some questions that will guide this article are presented: What happens to these adolescents who migrate from school to the socio-educational institution? What have we done, or failed to do, so that these young people do not stick to school and are more interested in crime? Why do they end up doing their life trajectories with the traffic, not with the school seats? What is the transmission that is not there? What young people does the Brazilian school consider as "theirs"?

[Economic evaluation of a manual-based, multimodal cognitive behavioural therapy for school avoiding children with psychiatric disorder]. / Ökonomische Evaluation eines manualbasierten Therapiekonzeptes für psychisch kranke Kinder und Jugendliche mit schulvermeidendem Verhalten.

Objective: Untreated school refusal increases the risk of a premature discontinuation of the educational career. The aim of this study is the economic evaluation of a manual-based treatment for school refusal in comparison to the standard treatment. Method: Within the cost-minimisation analysis, resource use is measured retrospectively for six months using the CSSRI questionnaire. Unit costs for most health care services are derived from published standard prices. Costs are calculated from the societal perspective based on prices compiled in 2011. The cost comparison during the one-year intervention period applies a difference in differences Approach. Results: The most common diagnoses among the 112 participants are phobic and emotional disorders. The average cost per patient during the intervention period amounts to 7197 € (95 %-CI: 4746 € ­ 10 079 €) for the manual group and 9294 € (95 %-CI: 6313 € ­ 12 878 €) for the control group. The difference in adjusted costs of 1453 € in favour of the manual group is not statistically relevant. Conclusions: The manual-based treatment is equivalent if not slightly advantageous compared to the standard treatment considering the clinical outcomes and cost of illness.

Pathways to school completion for young mothers: are we winning the fight?

Background. Policy initiatives in South Africa are directed at promoting the educational and developmental outcomes of girls and young women (age 15 - 24 years). These include decreasing the incidence of HIV infection, teenage pregnancy and gender-based violence, and increasing school attendance and economic empowerment. This article explores the contexts of pregnancy, motherhood and schooling in a sample of young mothers in an urban area in Johannesburg, South Africa. Methods. This ethnographic study, based in a poor urban area in Johannesburg, South Africa, recruited 30 young mothers aged 18 - 20 years with whom open-ended interviews were conducted. Each mother was contacted 3 months after the first interview, and again 3 months later. In addition to the first round of 30 interviews, 9 young mothers were interviewed in the second round, and 6 young mothers in a third round. A total of 45 interviews were conducted. Results. The findings illustrate how young mothers mediate constraints and challenges to continue and complete their schooling when confronted with a mistimed and unintended pregnancy. A combination of factors converges to facilitate or impede school continuation and completion. Key barriers include school policy and discrimination against pregnant learners, limited options for childcare, and high levels of poverty and unemployment that strain existing scarce family resources. Conclusions. The pathway to school completion is complex and non-linear. Three particular interventions that support school attendance and completion for young mothers have value: the child support grant, the availability of crèches in the community, and a school policy that upholds the principle of inclusivity for pregnant learners and young mothers

Evolución del Estado Nutricional de Niños/as del 1ro. a 6to. grado de las Escuelas de Asentamientos del Distrito de Edelira beneficiados con la Alimentación Escolar, periodo 2016 / Evolution of the Nutritional State of Children from 1st to 6th Grade of the Edelira District Basic Schools of Settlements benefited from School Feeding, Period 2016

El Programa de Alimentación Escolar del Paraguay trabaja para combatir el hambre, la desnutrición infantil e incentivar a la permanencia de los niños/as en las escuelas. Objetivo: Describir la evolución del estado nutricional de niños/as del 1ro a 6to grado de las escuelas básicas de asentamientos del Distrito de Edelira beneficiados con la alimentación escolar, periodo 2016. Métodos: Estudio observacional descriptivo, longitudinal. Se utilizó el Manual Básico de Evaluación Nutricional Antropométrica del INAN-2015 para diagnosticar el estado nutricional por IMC/Edad y Talla/Edad. Resultados: Se analizó la planilla de valoración nutricional de 47 niños/as, el 66% (n= 31) de la población estudiada corresponde al sexo femenino y el 34% (n=16) al sexo masculino. La mediana encontrada fue de 8,45 ± 1,69 años. Antes de la alimentación escolar, el estado nutricional según el IMC/E resultaron peso adecuado (A) 60 % (n= 28), (RD) del 19 % (n=9), sobre peso ( S) 13% (n=6), (DM) 2% (n=1), obesidad (O) 6% (n=3).Talla para la edad ( T/E); fue sin talla baja en un 89% (n= 42), (RTB) 9 % (n=4), (TB) 2% (n=1). Después de iniciado la alimentación escolar, el estado nutricional según el IMC/E resultaron peso adecuado (A) 74 % (n= 35), (RD) 15 % (n=7), sobre peso (S) 9 % (n= 4), (DM) 0% (n=0), y obesidad (O) 2% (n=1). Sin talla baja se mantuvo en 89% (n=42), (RTB) 9% y (TB) 2% (n=1). Conclusiones: 4 meses iniciado el programa de alimentación escolar, los hallazgos indican una evolución favorable en cuanto al IMC/E en un 14%, un descenso del (RD) 4%, sobre peso (S) 4%, obesidad (O) 4% , no se evidenció (DM). En cuanto a la T/E no se evidenció cambio importante por el crecimiento lento, propio de la edad

The School Feeding Program of Paraguay works to combat hunger, child malnutrition and encourage children to stay in school. Objective: To describe the evolution of the nutritional status of children from the 1st to the 6th grade of the basic schools of settlements of the District of Edelira beneficiaries with school education, 2016 period. Methods: Descriptive, longitudinal observational study. The Basic Manual of Nutritional Anthropometric Evaluation of the INAN-2015 was used to diagnose the nutritional status by BMI / Age and Size / Age. Results: The nutritional assessment form of 47 children was analyzed, 66% (n = 31) of the studied population corresponds to the female sex and 34% (n = 16) to the male sex. The median found was 8.45 ± 1.69 years. Before school feeding, nutritional status according to BMI / E resulted in adequate weight (A): 60% (n = 28), (RD) of 19% (n = 9), overweight (S) 13% ( n = 6), (DM) 2% (n= 1), obesity (O) 6% (n= 3) .Talk for age (T / E); it was without a low stature in 89% (n = 42), (RTB) 9% (n = 4), (TB) 2% (n = 1). After starting school feeding, the nutritional status according to BMI / E resulted in adequate weight (A): 74% (n = 35), (RD) 15% (n = 7), overweight (S) 9% (n = 4), (DM) 0% (n = 0), and obesity (O) 2% (n = 1). No short stature remained at 89% (n = 42), (RTB) 9% and (TB) 2% (n = 1). Conclusions: 4 months into the school feeding program, the findings indicate a favorable evolution in terms of BMI / E in 14%, a decrease in (RD) 4%, overweight (S) 4%, obesity (O) 4 %, was not evidenced (DM). Regarding T / E, there was no significant change due to the slow growth, typical of age

College and trusts run cadet course.

A cadet programme that gives school leavers practical experience of nursing and a BTEC extended diploma in health and social care has been launched in Cumbria.

Ideais e alteridade em uma pesquisa sobre a relação dos jovens com o saber / Ideals and alterity in a research about the relationship between young people and knowledge / Ideales y alteridad en una investigación sobre la relación de los jóvenes con el saber

Em uma investigação sobre o abandono escolar no ensino secundário espanhol a partir da relação dos jovens com o saber, entrevistamos de forma semiaberta tanto jovens considerados de êxito quanto de fracasso pela escola. Nos relatos construídos conjuntamente com eles, são explicitadas os vínculos estabelecidos entre jovens e pesquisadores como também as dos pesquisadores entre si. Este artigo discute o lugar do Outro ocupado pelo grupo de pesquisadores e pelos jovens para cada pesquisador. Também debatemos o papel dos ideais dos pesquisadores nessas relações.(AU)

In a research about Spanish secondary school's dropout considering the relationship between young people and knowledge, we interviewed both young people considered as successful or as a failure by the school in a semi-open manner. In the narrations written along with the young people, the relationships between them and the researchers were made explicit as well as the ones between the researchers themselves. This paper discusses the place of the Other for each researcher occupied by the researchers' group and by the young people. We also debate the role of the researchers' ideals in these relationships.(AU)

En una investigación sobre el abandono escolar en la Educación Secundaria Obligatoria española a partir de la relación de los jóvenes con el saber, entrevistamos de forma semiabierta tanto a jóvenes considerados de éxito como de fracaso por la escuela. En los relatos construidos conjuntamente con ellos se explicitan las relaciones establecidas entre jóvenes e investigadores así como la de los investigadores entre sí. Este artículo discute el lugar del Otro ocupado por el grupo de investigadores y por los jóvenes para cada investigador. También debatimos el papel de los ideales de los investigadores en esas relaciones.(AU)

Ideais e alteridade em uma pesquisa sobre a relação dos jovens com o saber / Ideals and alterity in a research about the relationship between young people and knowledge / Ideales y alteridad en una investigación sobre la relación de los jóvenes con el saber

Em uma investigação sobre o abandono escolar no ensino secundário espanhol a partir da relação dos jovens com o saber, entrevistamos de forma semiaberta tanto jovens considerados de êxito quanto de fracasso pela escola. Nos relatos construídos conjuntamente com eles, são explicitadas os vínculos estabelecidos entre jovens e pesquisadores como também as dos pesquisadores entre si. Este artigo discute o lugar do Outro ocupado pelo grupo de pesquisadores e pelos jovens para cada pesquisador. Também debatemos o papel dos ideais dos pesquisadores nessas relações.

In a research about Spanish secondary school's dropout considering the relationship between young people and knowledge, we interviewed both young people considered as successful or as a failure by the school in a semi-open manner. In the narrations written along with the young people, the relationships between them and the researchers were made explicit as well as the ones between the researchers themselves. This paper discusses the place of the Other for each researcher occupied by the researchers' group and by the young people. We also debate the role of the researchers' ideals in these relationships.

En una investigación sobre el abandono escolar en la Educación Secundaria Obligatoria española a partir de la relación de los jóvenes con el saber, entrevistamos de forma semiabierta tanto a jóvenes considerados de éxito como de fracaso por la escuela. En los relatos construidos conjuntamente con ellos se explicitan las relaciones establecidas entre jóvenes e investigadores así como la de los investigadores entre sí. Este artículo discute el lugar del Otro ocupado por el grupo de investigadores y por los jóvenes para cada investigador. También debatimos el papel de los ideales de los investigadores en esas relaciones.

Student supports: developmental education and other academic programs.

Low rates of college completion are a major problem in the United States. Less than 60 percent of students at four-year colleges graduate within six years, and at some colleges, the graduation rate is less than 10 percent. Additionally, many students enter higher education ill-prepared to comprehend college-level course material. Some estimates suggest that only one-third of high school graduates finish ready for college work; the proportion is even lower among older students. Colleges have responded to the poor preparation of incoming students by placing approximately 35 to 40 percent of entering freshmen into remedial or developmental courses, along with providing academic supports such as summer bridge programs, learning communities, academic counseling, and tutoring, as well as student supports such as financial aid and child care. Eric Bettinger, Angela Boatman, and Bridget Terry Long describe the role, costs, and impact of these college remediation and academic support programs. According to a growing body of research, the effects of remedial courses are considerably nuanced. The courses appear to help or hinder students differently by state, institution, background, and academic preparedness. The mixed findings from earlier research have raised questions ranging from whether remedial programs, on average, improve student academic outcomes to which types of programs are most effective. Administrators, practitioners, and policy makers are responding by redesigning developmental courses and searching for ways to implement effective remediation programs more broadly. In addition, recent research suggests that colleges may be placing too many students into remedial courses unnecessarily, suggesting the need for further examining the placement processes used to assign students to remedial courses. The authors expand the scope of remediation research by discussing other promising areas of academic support commonly offered by colleges, including advising, tutoring, and mentoring programs, as well as supports that target the competing responsibilities of students, namely caring for dependents and balancing employment with schoolwork. They conclude that the limited resources of institutions and equally limited funds of students make it imperative for postsecondary institutions to improve student academic supports and other services.

A produção do fracasso escolar: a trajetória de um clássico / The trajectory of a classic on school failure / La trayectoria de un clásico sobre el fracaso escolar / La trajectoire d'un classique sur l'échec scolaire

Publicado pela primeira vez há mais de duas décadas, A Produção do Fracasso Escolar, de Maria Helena Souza Patto, segue sendo uma obra de referência para pesquisadores em educação, gestores de sistemas e professores. Como explicar sua longevidade e fecundidade em um campo tão marcado pela rápida obsolescência de autores, teorias e perspectivas educacionais? No presente artigo apresentamos duas hipóteses complementares para essa sólida trajetória de sua obra. A primeira delas diz respeito ao potencial elucidativo de seu estudo que, recusando o jargão e os procedimentos cientificistas que apagam a concretude do real em favor de uma linguagem matematizada e padronizadora, apresenta um quadro significativo e complexo do cotidiano de uma instituição escolar e dos agentes nela envolvidos. Em suas análises emerge a singularidade desses agentes, tantas vezes obscurecidas por rótulos e fórmulas abstratas. Por outro lado, em sua pesquisa a peculiaridade do cotidiano de uma instituição não se desliga dos condicionantes históricos de natureza política e social que têm marcado as concepções e práticas educativas em nossa sociedade.(AU)

Published for the first time more than two decades ago, A produção do fracasso escolar, by Maria Helena Souza Patto, continues to be a reference work for researchers in education, and teachers. How can one explain its longevity and fecundity in a field that is so marked by rapid obsolescence of authors, theories and educational perspectives? In this article, we present two complementary hypotheses for this solid trajectory of her work. The first one concerns the elucidative potential of her research that refuses the jargon and the procedures that erase the concreteness of the real in favor of a mathematized language and standardizes concepts; what, then, emerges is a complex picture of everyday life in a singular educational institution. On the other hand, in her researches the peculiarity of everyday life of an institution is not taken apart from the historical, political and social conditions which have marked the conceptions and educational practices in our society.(AU)

Publié pour la première fois il y a plus de vingt ans, A produção do fracasso escolar, l ' oeuvre de Maria Helena Souza Patto n'a pas cessé d'être un ouvrage de référence pour les chercheurs dans l'éducation, les gestionnaires des systèmes et des enseignants. Comment expliquer sa longévité et sa fécondité dans un domaine qui est tellement marquée par une rapide obsolescence de théories et auteurs? Dans cet article, nous présentons deux hypothèses complémentaires pour cette solide trajectoire de son travail. La première concerne le potentiel d' élucidation de sa recherche que, en refusant le jargon et les concept que finissent pour effacer le concret en faveur d'un langage mathématisé et d'un ensemble de concepts padronisés, présente un important et complexe cadre de la vie quotidienne d'une institution d'enseignement et de ses agents. D'autre part, dans sa recherche la particularité de la vie quotidienne d'une institution n'est pas isolée des conditionnants politique, historique et social qui ont marqué les conceptions et les pratiques éducatives chez nous.(AU)

Publicado por primera vez hace más de dos décadas, A produção do fracasso escolar, de Maria Helena Souza Patto, sigue siendo una obra de referencia para investigadores en educación, gestores de sistemas y profesores. ¿Cómo explicar su longevidad y fecundidad en un campo tan marcado por la rápida obsolescencia de autores, teorías y perspectivas educacionales? En el presente artículo presentamos dos hipótesis complementarias para esa sólida trayectoria de su obra. La primera de ellas dice respeto al potencial elucidativo de su estudio que, rechazando el argot y los procedimientos cientificistas que borran la concretude del real en favor de un lenguaje matematizado y estandarizador, nos presenta un cuadro significativo y complejo de una institución escolar y de sus actores. Por otro lado, en su investigación la peculiaridad del cotidiano de una institución no se desconecta de los condicionantes históricos de naturaleza política y social que han marcado las concepciones y prácticas educativas en nuestra sociedad.(AU)