Questionário de adaptação ao ensino superior remoto: ampliação das propriedades psicométricas / Adaptation to remote higher education questionnaire: expansion of psychometric properties / Cuestionario de adaptación para educación superior remota: expansión de propiedades psicométricas

Objetivou-se investigar as evidências de validade baseadas na relação com outras variáveis do Questionário de Adaptação ao Ensino Superior Remoto (QAES-R). Foram analisadas as relações entre o QAES-R com os motivos para evasão acadêmica e a motivação. Participaram 319 universitários das cinco regiões do Brasil (M idade = 26,25; DP = 9,5). Identificaram-se correlações estatisticamente significativas entre o QAES-R e a maior parte dos fatores dos demais instrumentos. No primeiro modelo testado, os fatores do QAES-R foram preditores da evasão acadêmica Social (32%), Acadêmico (24%), Institucional (15%) e Professor (10%) (χ 2 /gl = 1,87; RMSEA = 0,05; CFI = 0,87; TLI = 0,87). No segundo modelo, o QAES-R predisse a meta aprender (45%), performance- evitação (39%) e performance-aproximação (30%) (χ 2 /gl = 1,42; RMSEA = 0,04; CFI = 0,90; TLI = 0,90). Estes resultados ampliam as propriedades psicométricas do QAES-R para avaliar a adaptação acadêmica de estudantes submetidos ao ensino remoto emergencial. (AU)

The objective was to investigate the validity evidence of the relationship between the Questionnaire for Adaptation to Remote Higher Education (QAES-R) and other variables. The study analyzed the relationships between the QAES-R with the reasons for academic dropout and motivation. A total of 319 Brazilian university students participated (Mage = 26.25; SD = 9.5). Statistically significant correlations were identified between the QAES-R and most factors of the other instruments. In the first model tested, the QAES-R factors predicted academic dropout : Social (32%), Academic (24%), Institutional (15%), and Teacher (10%) (χ 2 /gl = 1.87; RMSEA = .05; CFI = .87; TLI = .87). In the second model, the QAES-R predicted learning goals (45%), performance-avoidance (39%), and performance-approach (30%) (χ 2 /gl = 1.42; RMSEA = .04; CFI = .90; TLI = .90). These results extend the psychometric properties of the QAES-R to assess the academic adaptation of students during emergency remote teaching. (AU)

El objetivo fue investigar las evidencias de validez basadas en la relación con otras variables del Cuestionario de Adaptación a Educación Superior Remota (QAES-R). Se analizaron las relaciones entre el QAES-R con los motivos de abandono académico y la motivación. Participaron 319 estudiantes universitarios brasileños de las 5 regiones de Brasil (M edad = 26,25; DS = 9,5). Se identificaron correlaciones estadísticamente significativas entre el QAES-R y la mayoría de los factores de los otros instrumentos. En el primer modelo, los factores del QAES-R fueron predictores del abandono académico Social (32%), Académico (24%), Institucional (15%) y Docente (10%) (χ 2 /gl = 1.87; RMSEA = 0.05; CFI = 0.87; TLI = 0.87). En el segundo modelo, el QAES-R predijo la meta de aprender (45%), la evitación del desempeño (39%) y el enfoque de desempeño (30%) (χ 2 /gl = 1.42; RMSEA = 0.04; CFI = 0 .90; TLI = 0.90). Estos resultados amplían las propiedades psicométricas del QAES-R. (AU)

Prevalencia del síndrome del impostor y nivel de autoestima en estudiantes de una facultad de medicina del Ecuador / Prevalence of impostor syndrome and level of self-esteem in students of a medical school in Ecuador

INTRODUCCIÓN. El síndrome del impostor es un trastorno caracterizado por la incapacidad del individuo para reconocer sus habilidades e interiorizar sus logros, lo cual impacta negativamente en la salud mental y desempeño académico-laboral. OBJETIVO. Identificar la prevalencia del síndrome del impostor y nivel de autoestima en estudiantes de una facultad de medicina del Ecuador. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS. Estudio transversal descriptivo, aplicado en los estudiantes de medicina de segundo a décimo nivel, de la facultad de medicina de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador en el periodo febrero a junio de 2022. Para el análisis estadístico se aplicaron frecuencias absolutas y relativas, tablas cruzadas, razón de prevalencia, chi cuadrado como contraste de hipótesis. RESULTADOS. La mayoría de estudiantes con síndrome de impostor fueron mujeres (74,2%); pertenecer al sexo femenino aumentó dos veces su probabilidad (Razón de prevalencia: 2,12; Índice de confianza: 95% 1,66-2,17; p: <0,001). Para el sexo masculino autopercibirse como perfeccionista incrementó dos veces la probabilidad (Razón de prevalencia: 2,3; Índice de confianza: 95% 1,53-3,46; p: < 0,001). La autoestima baja no se asoció a mayor probabilidad de desarrollar este síndrome. En contraste, no percibir apoyo social incrementó al doble su probabilidad (Razón de prevalencia: 1,72; Índice de confianza: 95% 1,16-2,55; p 0,007). DISCUSIÓN. Estudios previos muestran elevada prevalencia de este síndrome en estudiantes medicina, con predominio en mujeres. En concordancia con la literatura citada, no existió asociación entre nivel de carrera y síndrome del impostor; el perfeccionismo se asocia a mayor probabilidad de síndrome del impostor. CONCLUSIÓN. El síndrome del impostor es frecuente en estudiantes de medicina, existen factores determinantes que incrementan la probabilidad del síndrome como ser mujer, autopercibirse como perfeccionista en la población masculina y no percibir apoyo social, la importancia de su reconocimiento reside en la prevención del distrés psicológico y la deserción académica.

INTRODUCTION. Impostor syndrome is a disorder characterized by an individual's inability to recognize his or her abilities and internalize his or her accomplishments, which negatively impacts mental health and academic and occupational performance. OBJECTIVE. To identify the prevalence of impostor syndrome and level of self-esteem in students of a medical school in Ecuador. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Descriptive cross-sectional study, applied to medical students from second to tenth level, of the medical school of the Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador in the period January to June 2022. For the statistical analysis, absolute and relative frequencies, cross tables, prevalence ratio, chi-square and hypothesis testing were applied. RESULTS. The majority of students with impostor syndrome were female (74.2%); belonging to the female sex increased their probability twice (Prevalence ratio: 2.12; Confidence index: 95% 1.66-2.17; p: < 0.001). For the male sex, self-perceiving oneself as a perfectionist increased the probability twice (Prevalence ratio: 2.3; Confidence index: 95% 1.53-3.46; p: < 0.001). Low self-esteem was not associated with a higher probability of developing this syndrome. In contrast, not perceiving social support doubled its probability (Prevalence ratio: 1.72; Confidence index: 95% 1.16-2.55; p 0.007). DISCUSSION. Previous studies show a high prevalence of this syndrome in medical students, with a predominance in women. In agreement with the literature cited, there was no association between career level and impostor syndrome; perfectionism is associated with a higher probability of impostor syndrome. CONCLUSIONS. Impostor syndrome is frequent in medical students, there are determinant factors that increase the probability of the syndrome such as being a woman, self-perceived perfectionism in the male population and not perceiving social support, the importance of its recognition lies in the prevention of psychological distress and academic desertion.

Abandono universitario: predictores y mediadores en estudiantes universitarios chilenos de primer año / University Dropout: Predictors and Mediators in First-Year Chilean University Students

Resumen La integración social en los primeros años de universidad ha mostrado ser muy relevante para propiciar que los estudiantes participen de forma comprometida, obtengan buenos resultados académicos y permanezcan en sus estudios. La pandemia por COVID-19 ha impuesto barreras a la integración social de los estudiantes, cambiando las formas de la relación interpersonal. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue evaluar un modelo en que el aislamiento y el apoyo social percibidos (variables de integración social) son predictores de la intención de abandono y se encuentran mediados por el sentido de pertenencia. Se realizó un estudio con diseño transversal asociativo-predictivo, mediante la prueba de modelos de mediación, con 700 participantes de primer año de una universidad chilena. Los resultados mostraron un efecto indirecto estadísticamente significativo de las variables de integración social sobre la intención de abandono. A su vez, no se observaron efectos directos de dichas variables sobre la intención de abandono. Estos resultados permiten, primero, indicar que, durante la educación virtual de emergencia, con sus barreras para la interacción social y académica, las variables de integración logran predecir la intención de abandonar los estudios mediante su efecto sobre el sentido de pertenencia; además, orientan las preocupaciones de las instituciones de educación superior para poner atención sobre las condiciones en las que la integración social ocurre en los medios virtuales y con las restricciones de la interacción que le son propias.

Abstract Social integration in university freshmen has proven to be very relevant to encourage students to participate in an engaged way, obtain good academic results and continue with their university studies. The Covid-19 Pandemic imposed barriers to the social integration of students, changing the forms of interpersonal relationships. The objective of this research was to evaluate a predictive model in which perceived isolation and social support (social integration variables) are predictors of the intention to dropout mediated by the sense of belonging. A study with an associative-predictive cross-sectional design was carried out by testing mediation models with 700 first-year participants from a Chilean university. The results showed a statistically significant indirect effect of the social integration variables on dropout intention. In turn, no direct effects of these variables on the intention to quit were observed. These results indicate that, during emergency virtual education with its barriers to social and academic interaction, the integration variables can predict the intention to drop out of school through their effect on the sense of belonging. These results encourage higher education institutions to pay attention to the conditions in which social integration occurs in virtual media and with the interaction restrictions that are inherent to it.

Salud mental, condiciones psicosociales y resistencias de la juventud de Medellín durante la pandemia y la cuarentena del COVID-19 / Mental health, psychosocial conditions and youth resistance of Medellín during the COVID-19 pandemic and quarantine

El artículo presenta los hallazgos de una investigación que tuvo como objetivo analizar las condiciones psicosociales y maneras de resistencia que la juventud de la ciudad de Medellín Colombia tuvo frente a la pandemia por el Covid-19 durante el año 2020. Desde el enfoque de la investigación cualitativa se implementó un grupo focal como estrategia de recolección de información. La información levantada fue analizada y decantada en grupos de sentido que dieran respuesta a las preguntas realizadas. El desempleo, la deserción escolar y el estrés psicosocial aparecen como situaciones que afrontan con actitudes pasivas, de resistencia o evitación. Diferentes formas de resistencia activa y creativa emergen como alternativas espontáneamente construidas por esta población.

The article presents the findings of an investigation that aimed to analyze the psychosocial conditions and forms of resistance that the youth of the city of Medellín Colombia had in the face of the Covid-19 pandemic during the year 2020. From the qualitative research approach, a focus group was implemented as an information gathering strategy. The information collected was analyzed and decanted into groups of meaning that would answer the questions asked. Unemployment, school dropout and psychosocial stress appear as situations that are faced with passive attitudes, resistance or avoidance. Different forms of active and creative resistance emerge as alternatives spontaneously built by this population.

Pobreza, traumas tempranos, déficit atencional y deserción educacional: un círculo de daño. Lecciones aprendidas en el Programa Soymás, La Pintana / Poverty, early trauma, attention deficit and educational dropout: a circle of harm. Lessons learned in the Soymás Program, La Pintana

El antecedente de maltrato infantil y el Trastorno por Déficit de Atención e Hiperactividad (TDAH), son condiciones que tienen una alta prevalencia en los jóvenes de sectores vulnerables. Analizamos su relación con deserción escolar, que también es mayor en tales contextos. La deserción es un fenómeno multifactorial, influenciado por factores propios del estudiante, de la institución, del contexto familiar y del entorno social. Presentamos hallazgos en la Fundación Soymás, institución de formación para madres adolescentes, localizada en La Pintana, una de las comunas con mayor pobreza en Chile, donde la deserción en 2022 fue 45%. De acuerdo a la encuesta ACES de 10 eventos traumáticos en la niñez, 50% de las estudiantes sufrió 3 o más, y 21% 7 o más. Al menos un 40% de la población cumplía criterios de TDAH y un 30% adicional manifestaba síntomas sugerentes (versus 4,5% de TDAH reportado en adolescentes del país). Constatamos una asociación directa entre las tres variables: Maltrato, TDAH y Deserción. Estos hallazgos deberían ser considerados en políticas públicas, reforzando la necesidad de colaboración entre Salud y Educación.

A history of child abuse and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are conditions that have a high prevalence in young people from vulnerable sectors. We analyze its relationship with school dropout, which is also higher in such contexts. Dropout is a multifactorial phenomenon, influenced by factors specific to the student, the institution, the family context, and the social environment. We present findings at the Soymás Foundation, a training institution for adolescent mothers, located in La Pintana, one of the counties with the highest poverty in Chile, where dropout in 2022 was 45%. According to the ACES survey of 10 traumatic events in childhood, 50% of the students suffered 3 or more, and 21% 7 or more. At least 40% of the population met the criteria for ADHD and an additional 30% manifested suggestive symptoms (versus 4.5% of ADHD reported in adolescents in the country). We found a direct association between the three variables: Abuse, ADHD and Desertion. These findings should be considered in public policies, reinforcing the need for collaboration between Health and Education.

Questionário de Permanência Acadêmica: adaptação cultural e evidências de validade / College Persistence Questionnaire: cultural adaptation and evidence of validity / Cuestionario de Permanencia Académica: adaptación cultural y evidencias de validez

O presente estudo focou a questão da permanência universidade, e apresenta dois objetivos principais, o primeiro, de ordem psicométrica, é voltado para adaptação e busca de evidências de validade de um instrumento destinado a avaliação da permanência nas universidades, o Questionário de Permanência Acadêmica (QPA). O segundo objetivo apresenta uma aplicação do instrumento ao verificar se os serviços destinados a aumentar as condições de permanência na universidade estudada poderiam ter algum efeito sobre os escores obtidos no instrumento. Análises fatoriais confirmatórias e testes de confiabilidade indicam boas características psicométricas do instrumento. A estrutura de seis dimensões proposta no estudo original foi confirmada. Quanto aos serviços de apoio à permanência oferecido aos estudantes, os resultados indicam que a percepção de obstáculos no acesso a esses serviços e a utilização do apoio psicossocial e pedagógico foram associadas a baixos resultados no QPA. Tendo em vista que as universidades podem diferir em relação aos serviços com foco na permanência que ofertam, indica-se a aplicação do QPA em diferentes universidades. (AU)

The present study focused on academic persistence and had two main aims, the first had a psychometric nature and aimed to adapt of an instrument designed to evaluate academic persistence, the College Persistence Questionnaire (CPQ), and seek evidence of its validity. The second aim was to present a practical use of the instrument, aiming to verify whether the services offered to increase the conditions of persistence in college could have any effect on the students' scores in the instrument. Confirmatory factor analyses and reliability tests indicated good psychometric properties of the instrument. The six-dimensional structure proposed in the original study was confirmed. Regarding the persistence support services offered to the students, the results indicate that the perception of obstacles in the access to these services and the presence of psychosocial and pedagogical support were associated with low results in the CPQ. Given that universities may differ in relation to the persistence-focused services they offer, the investigation using the CPQ in different universities is indicated. (AU)

El presente estudio se centró en el tema de la permanencia universitaria y presenta dos objetivos principales. El primero es de carácter psicométrico y está orientado a adaptar y buscar evidencias de validez del Cuestionario de Permanencia Académica (QPA), un instrumento dirigido a evaluar la permanencia universitaria. El segundo objetivo presenta una aplicación del instrumento para verificar si los servicios destinados a aumentar las condiciones de permanencia en la universidad estudiada podrían tener algún efecto en las puntuaciones obtenidas en el instrumento. Los análisis factoriales confirmatorios y los tests de confiabilidad indicaron buenas características psicométricas del instrumento. Se confirmó la estructura de seis dimensiones propuesta en el estudio original. En cuanto a los servicios de apoyo a la permanencia ofrecidos a los estudiantes, los resultados indican que la percepción de obstáculos en el acceso a estos servicios y el uso del apoyo psicosocial y pedagógico se asociaron con bajos resultados en el QPA. Teniendo en cuenta que las universidades pueden diferir en relación a los servicios centrados en la permanencia ofertados, es recomendable la utilización del QPA en diferentes universidades. (AU)

Affective and cognitive variables involved in structural prediction of university dropout.

BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to analyze the influence of potentially important individual variables (motivation, satisfaction with the course, self-regulation, expectations of self-efficacy and perception of academic performance) on the intention to remain on university courses. METHOD: An ex-post-facto design was used, applying the University Life Questionnaire to a sample of 2,741 first-year students from six Chilean universities. Data were analyzed by path analysis. RESULTS: The intention to remain is higher when intrinsic motivation is higher, self-efficacy expectations are higher, the perception of performance is higher and satisfaction with the course is higher. All the variables included in the model explained 26% of the intention to remain. CONCLUSIONS: The study confirms the suitability of studying this phenomenon through complex models (e.g., structural equation models, multilevel models), since it makes little sense to try to explain dropout only through direct effects (as in most previous research). Secondly, the percentage of variance explained by dropout intention means it is important to continue this kind of research (with better controls, other types of measures, etc.).

Pregnancy in university students / Embarazo en estudiantes universitarias

For the integral formation of college students requires strategies and programs that prepare them completely and committed to motherhood and fatherhood. Education as a preventive mechanism leads to improved family and social communication, and therefore prevents an unwanted pregnancy that could result in school dropouts.

Para la formación de estudiantes universitarios integrales se requiere de estrategias y programas que los preparen de manera completa y comprometida para la maternidad y paternidad. La educación como mecanismo de prevención conlleva a mejorar la comunicación familiar y social, y de esta manera se evita un embarazo no deseado que pudiera tener como consecuencia la deserción escolar.

Educa-me ou te mato! / ¡Edúcame o te mato! / Educate me or I will kill you!

emos pensado que a repetição da errância e da marginalidade na trajetória escolar de meninos e meninas que chegam à socioeducação acaba colocando a escola em um lugar complicado, um real não simbolizado em suas vidas. Ao não estarem incluídos nos sonhos e nas utopias educativas de nosso país, ao não serem sonhados como sujeitos educáveis e escolarizáveis, lhes apresentamos, enquanto sociedade, o que eles verbalizam: suas vidas se reduzem a matar ou morrer, ou seja, se encontram com o real da morte. Nesse contexto, abrimos algumas questões que irão nortear este artigo: o que se passa com esses adolescentes que migram da instituição escolar para a socioeducativa? O que temos feito, ou deixado de fazer, para que esses jovens não colem na escola e não se interessem pelo crime? Por que acabam por fazer suas trajetórias de vida junto ao tráfico e não nos bancos escolares? Qual a transmissão que aí não se faz? Que jovens a escola brasileira considera como "seus"?

Hemos pensado que la repetición de la equivocación y de la marginalidad en la trayectoria escolar de Hemos pensado que la repetición de la equivocación y de la marginalidad en la trayectoria escolar de niños y niñas que llegan a la socioeducación termina por dejar la escuela en un lugar complicado, un real no simbolizado en sus vidas. Al no estar incluidos en los sueños y en las utopías educativas de nuestro país, al no ser soñados como sujetos educables y escolarizables, les presentamos, como sociedad, lo que ellos verbalizan: sus vidas se reducen a matar o a morir, o sea, se encuentran con el real de la muerte. En ese contexto, abrimos algunas cuestiones que van a guiar el presente artículo: ¿Qué pasa con esos adolescentes que migran de la institución escolar a la institución socioeducativa? ¿Qué hemos hecho, o dejado de hacer, para que esos jóvenes no se interesen por en la escuela y se interesen más por el crimen? ¿Por qué acaban por tener sus trayectorias de vida junto al tráfico, pero no en los bancos escolares? ¿Cuál es la transmisión que no se hace? ¿Qué jóvenes la escuela brasileña les considera como "suyos"?

We have thought that the repetition of the wandering and the marginality in educational trajectory of boys and girls who arrive at socio-education ends up putting the school in a complicated status, a real not symbolized in their lives. By not being included in the educational dreams and utopias of our country, by not being dreamed as educable and schooling subjects, we present to them, as a society, what they verbalize: their lives are reduced to killing or dying, that is, they meet the real of death. In this context, some questions that will guide this article are presented: What happens to these adolescents who migrate from school to the socio-educational institution? What have we done, or failed to do, so that these young people do not stick to school and are more interested in crime? Why do they end up doing their life trajectories with the traffic, not with the school seats? What is the transmission that is not there? What young people does the Brazilian school consider as "theirs"?

Construção de um questionário transcultural de motivos de abandono do ensino superior / Development of a transcultural questionnaire of motives for higher education dropout / Construcción de un cuestionario transcultural de motivos de abandono de la enseñanza superior

O abandono no Ensino Superior é um tema relevante pela sua incidência e consequências negativas no estudante, família, instituição e sociedade em geral. Procurando conhecer os motivos da intenção de abandono, investigadores do Brasil, Espanha e Portugal convergiram na construção de um questionário de avaliação transcultural. Atendendo à multidimensionalidade das causas de abandono, o questionário abarca seis dimensões: Social, Acadêmica, Professores, Saúde e Bem-estar, Institucional e Financeira. A análise fatorial, com amostras autônomas de estudantes do 1º ano do Brasil, Espanha e Portugal, mostrou uma distribuição adequada dos itens nas seis dimensões, com alguma discrepância na dimensão Professores na amostra do Brasil. Os índices de consistência interna atingiram níveis adequados nas seis dimensões (valores entre 0,74 e 0,91). Futuros desenvolvimentos devem testar a dimensionalidade do questionário e a sua invariância nos três países, incluindo já variáveis psicológicas e académicas para análise da validade de critério. (AU)

The dropout in higher education assumes relevant percentages, with negative consequences for the students, family, institution and society in general. In order to know the reasons for the dropout intention, researchers from Brazil, Spain and Portugal converged on the construction of a transcultural questionnaire. Face the multidimensional nature of dropout causes, the questionnaire assesses six dimensions: Social, Academic, Faculty, Health and Wellbeing, Institutional, and Financial. The factorial analysis, with autonomous samples of first-year students from Brazil, Spain and Portugal, showed an adequate distribution of the items by the six dimensions, with some difficulties in Faculty dimension in Brazilian sample. The internal consistency of items reached adequate levels in those six dimensions (values range from .74 to .91). Future developments should test the dimensionality of the questionnaire and its invariance in all three countries, including other psychological and academic variables for criterion validity analysis. (AU)

El abandono en la enseñanza superior es un tema relevante por su incidencia y por sus consecuencias negativas a nivel personal, familiar, institucional y social. En búsqueda de conocer las razones de intención de abandono, investigadores de Brasil, España y Portugal participaron en la construcción de un cuestionario de evaluación transcultural. Dicho instrumento, de naturaleza multidimensional, se organiza en seis dimensiones: Social, Académica, Profesorado, Salud y Bienestar, Institucional y Financiera. El análisis factorial, con muestras independientes de los estudiantes del primer año de Brasil, España y Portugal, mostró una distribución adecuada de los ítems en las seis dimensiones, con alguna discrepancia en la dimensión Profesorado en la muestra brasileña. Los índices de consistencia interna alcanzaron niveles adecuados (valores entre .74 y .91), si bien que se debe realizar nuevos estudios para probar la dimensionalidad del cuestionario y su invariancia en los tres países, incluyendo las variables psicológicas y académicas para analizar la validez de criterio. (AU)

Emerging adults not in education, employment or training (NEET): socio-demographic characteristics, mental health and reasons for being NEET.

BACKGROUND: A growing group of emerging adults in many countries around the globe are not incorporated into the education system or the labor market; these have received the label "NEET: not in education, employment nor training". We describe the mental health and socio-demographic characteristics of emerging adults who are NEET from Mexico City (differentiating between NEET who are homemakers and NEET who are not) compared to their peers who are studying, working or both, in a city in which education and employment opportunities for youth are limited. A secondary objective, because of the often inconsistent inclusion criteria or definitions of NEET, was to evaluate the heterogeneity amongst NEET emerging adults in terms of their perceived reasons for being NEET and to evaluate whether different reasons for being NEET are associated with different mental health characteristics. METHODS: The participants were 1071 emerging adults aged 19 to 26; they were interviewed in person by an interviewer in their homes as part of a follow-up study of the Mexican Adolescent Mental Health Survey. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WMH-CIDI) assessed psychiatric disorders, substance use and abuse, suicidal behavior and socio-demographic characteristics. RESULTS: Of the total sample, 15.3% were NEET homemakers, 8.6% NEET non-homemakers, 41.6% worked only, 20.9% studied only and 13.5% worked and studied. Of those who were NEET, 12.6% were NEET by choice. NEET non-homemakers had overall greater odds of substance use, substance use disorders and some suicidal behaviors in comparison with all their peers, whereas NEET homemakers had reduced odds. Those who were NEET because they didn't know what to do with their life had greater odds of mood, behavioral, and substance disorders, use of all substances and of suicide behaviors compared to those who were NEET by choice. CONCLUSIONS: Non-homemaker NEET who lack life goals require targeted mental health intervention. The demographic reality of emerging adults not in education or employment and the varying reasons they give for being NEET are not consistent with how NEET is often conceptualized in terms of a societal problem.

Adaptación de tres variables contextuales en estudiantes universitarios argentinos / Adaptação de três variáveis contextuais em estudantes universitários argentinos / Adaptation of three contextual variables in Argentine university students

Una de las dificultades que han presentado los estudios destinados a identificar las causas de deserción universitaria, es la falta de consideración de variables sociales/contextuales que, según se ha demostrado en la literatura, se relacionan con el proceso de progresión de la carrera. Para la evaluación de dichas variables, el primer paso consiste en la adaptación de pruebas que permitan su medición. Por lo cual, el objetivo del presente trabajo consistió en la adaptación de las escalas de Apertura a la Diversidad, Percepción de Prejuicios y Discriminación y Experiencias Académicas. En este estudio participaron 1295 estudiantes que se encontraban cursando diferentes carreras en la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (Argentina). Los resultados indicaron valores satisfactorios de consistencia interna (ρ>.80) y se logró replicar la estructura interna de cada instrumento mediante análisis factorial confirmatorio. El estudio de validez indicó que las correlaciones observadas entre las diferentes escalas fueron las esperadas a nivel teórico. Se destacan limitaciones y se sugieren nuevas líneas de estudio. (AU)

Uma das dificuldades que têm apresentado os estudos destinados a identificar as causas de desistência universitária é a falta de consideração de variáveis sociais/contextuais que, segundo se demonstrou na literatura, relacionam-se com o processo de progressão da carreira. Para a avaliação dessas variáveis, o primeiro passo consiste na adaptação de provas que permitam sua medida. Pelo qual, o objetivo do presente trabalho consistiu na adaptação das escalas de Abertura à Diversidade, Percepção de Preconceitos e Discriminação e Experiências Acadêmicas. Neste estudo, participaram 1295 estudantes que se encontravam cursando diferentes carreiras na Universidade Nacional de Córdoba (Argentina). Os resultados indicaram valores satisfatórios de consistência interna (ρ>.80) e conseguiu-se replicar a estrutura interna da cada instrumento mediante análise fatorial confirmatório. O estudo de validade indicou que as correlações observadas entre as diferentes escalas foram as esperadas a nível teórico. Destacam-se, ainda, as limitações e sugerem-se novas linhas de estudo. (AU)

One of the difficulties presented by studies aimed at identifying the causes of university failure is the lack of consideration of social/contextual variables that, as literature has shown, are related to the process of career progression. To evaluate these variables, the first step is the adaptation of tests that allow their measurement. The purpose of this study was to adapt the Openness to Diversity, Perception of Prejudice and Discrimination, and Academic Experiences scales. This study involved 1,295 students attending different colleges at the National University of Cordoba (Argentina). The results indicated satisfactory values of internal consistency (ρ>.80) and it was possible to replicate the internal structure of each instrument through a confirmatory factor analysis. The validity study indicated that the correlations observed between the different scales were as expected at the theoretical level. The limitations are highlighted and new lines of study are suggested. (AU)

Itinerarios de éxito y rupturas en la educación de segunda oportunidad / Successful and unsuccessful pathways in second chance education programmes / Itinerários de sucesso e de rupturas na educação de segunda oportunidade

El concepto “educación de segunda oportunidad” (en adelante Esop) hace referencia a los dispositivos puestos en marcha para luchar contra la exclusión social de aquellas personas (en particular los jóvenes) que han abandonado los estudios con un nivel educativo inferior al de secundaria postobligatoria. Los programas de formación para el empleo dirigidos a jóvenes son los dispositivos de Esop más extendidos en España. En este artículo, se presentan los resultados de una investigación evaluativa de uno de estos programas basada en el método biográfico. El abordaje integral y la individualización, los contenidos de la formación y los aprendizajes realizados, las estrategias metodológicas, el vínculo afectivo y el entorno educativo se manifiestan como determinantes del éxito. También queda patente el impacto positivo de la participación a nivel personal y laboral.

The concept of second chance education (hereafter SCE) refers to the programs launched to combat the social exclusion of people (in particular young people) who have left school with a level of education below upper secondary. Training employment programs aimed at young people are the most widespread SCEs in Spain. The results of an evaluative investigation of one of those programs, based on the biographical method, are shared in this article. A comprehensive educational approach that includes its individualization, training content and the learnings achieved, methodological strategies, emotional ties and the educational environment are identified as determinants of success. Moreover, there is a noticeable positive impact of the young people’s participation on their personal lives and work opportunities

O conceito de “educação de segunda oportunidade” (Esop) faz referência aos dispositivos colocados em funcionamento para lutar contra a exclusão social das pessoas (em particular os jovens) que tenham abandonado os estudos com um nível educativo inferior ao do ensino secundário superior. Os programas de formação profissional dirigidos aos jovens são os dispositivos de Esop mais presentes na Espanha. Neste artigo, apresentam-se os resultados de uma pesquisa avaliativa de um desses programas, com base no método biográfico. A abordagem integrada e a individualização, o conteúdo da formação e os aprendizados obtidos, as estratégias metodológicas, o vínculo afetivo e o ambiente educacional se manifestam como fatores determinantes do sucesso. O impacto positivo da participação a nível pessoal e profissional também é evidente.

Pedagogical monitoring as a tool to reduce dropout in distance learning in family health.

BACKGROUND: This paper presents the results of a study of the Monsys monitoring system, an educational support tool designed to prevent and control the dropout rate in a distance learning course in family health. Developed by UNA-SUS/UFMA, Monsys was created to enable data mining in the virtual learning environment known as Moodle. METHODS: This is an exploratory study using documentary and bibliographic research and analysis of the Monsys database. Two classes (2010 and 2011) were selected as research subjects, one with Monsys intervention and the other without. The samples were matched (using a ration of 1:1) by gender, age, marital status, graduation year, previous graduation status, location and profession. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square test and a multivariate logistic regression model with a 5 % significance level. RESULTS: The findings show that the dropout rate in the class in which Monsys was not employed (2010) was 43.2 %. However, the dropout rate in the class of 2011, in which the tool was employed as a pedagogical team aid, was 30.6 %. After statistical adjustment, the Monsys monitoring system remained in correlation with the course completion variable (adjusted OR = 1.74, IC95% = 1.17-2.59; p = 0.005), suggesting that the use of the Monsys tool, isolated to the adjusted variables, can enhance the likelihood that students will complete the course. Using the chi-square test, a profile analysis of students revealed a higher completion rate among women (67.7 %) than men (52.2 %). Analysis of age demonstrated that students between 40 and 49 years dropped out the least (32.1 %) and, with regard to professional training, nurses have the lowest dropout rates (36.3 %). CONCLUSIONS: The use of Monsys significantly reduced the dropout, with results showing greater association between the variables denoting presence of the monitoring system and female gender.

O que pensam os professores sobre seus alunos: aspectos psicossociais da Educação de Jovens e Adultos / What do the teachers think about their students: psychosocial aspects of Education for Youth and Adults

A Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA) procura atingir não somente àqueles que não puderam concluir seus estudos no tempo regulamentar, como também os alunos que tiverem múltiplas repetências e precisam recuperar o tempo perdido. A EJA é menos fomentada que as outras modalidades de ensino e sofre com a grande evasão dos alunos. Com o intuito de entender os aspectos psicossociais da educação voltada à EJA, utilizamos a teoria das representações sociais para identificar o pensamento socialmente compartilhado de 100 docentes desse segmento sobre seus alunos através de um questionário. Os resultados mostram que os professores produzem uma representação social do aluno da EJA como um trabalhador que se esforça e tenta se superar para estudar. Isso acontece em um tempo corrido e tem o objetivo final de colocá-los aptos ao mercado de trabalho. Além disso, percebem a diferença que estes alunos têm dos alunos do ensino regular e as dificuldades que enfrentam.(AU)

Education for Youth and Adults seeks to reach not only those who could not complete their studies in regulation time but also those students who have multiple grade repetition and need to catch up. The EYA is less encouraged than other types of education and suffers major dropout on the part of students. Accordingly, in order to understand the psychosocial aspects of education aimed at young people and adults, we use the theory of social representations to identify socially shared thought of 100 teachers in this segment about their students. The results show that teachers produce a representation of the student's social EJA as a worker who struggles and tries to overcome difficulties in order to study. This happens in the long run and has the ultimate goal of making them fit for the labor market. Also, one can realize the difference that these students have from the regular students and the difficulties they face.(AU)

O que pensam os professores sobre seus alunos: aspectos psicossociais da educação de jovens e adultos / What do the teachers think about their students: psychosocial aspects of education for youth and adults

A Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA) procura atingir não somente àqueles que não puderam concluir seus estudos no tempo regulamentar, como também os alunos que tiverem múltiplas repetências e precisam recuperar o tempo perdido. A EJA é menos fomentada que as outras modalidades de ensino e sofre com a grande evasão dos alunos. Com o intuito de entender os aspectos psicossociais da educação voltada à EJA, utilizamos a teoria das representações sociais para identificar o pensamento socialmente compartilhado de 100 docentes desse segmento sobre seus alunos através de um questionário. Os resultados mostram que os professores produzem uma representação social do aluno da EJA como um trabalhador que se esforça e tenta se superar para estudar. Isso acontece em um tempo corrido e tem o objetivo final de colocá-los aptos ao mercado de trabalho. Além disso, percebem a diferença que estes alunos têm dos alunos do ensino regular e as dificuldades que enfrentam

Education for Youth and Adults seeks to reach not only those who could not complete their studies in regulation time but also those students who have multiple grade repetition and need to catch up. The EYA is less encouraged than other types of education and suffers major dropout on the part of students. Accordingly, in order to understand the psychosocial aspects of education aimed at young people and adults, we use the theory of social representations to identify socially shared thought of 100 teachers in this segment about their students. The results show that teachers produce a representation of the student's social EJA as a worker who struggles and tries to overcome difficulties in order to study. This happens in the long run and has the ultimate goal of making them fit for the labor market. Also, one can realize the difference that these students have from the regular students and the difficulties they face

Construção da Escala de Motivos para Evasão do Ensino Superior / Development of the Reasons for Higher Education Dropout Scale / Construccion de la Escala de Razones para Deserción de la Educación Superior

O objetivo deste estudo é relatar a construção dos itens e validação da estrutura interna da Escala de Motivos para Evasão do Ensino Superior. A formulação dos itens baseou-se em artigos brasileiros, recuperados de bases de dados digitais, bem como na vivência de estudantes de Ensino Superior ativos e evadidos. Os itens foram avaliados por juízes, que sugeriram mudanças de redação e inclusões, sendo que a primeira versão contou com 81 itens, que foram respondidos por 327 estudantes, de instituições públicas e particulares. Sete componentes principais com alfas entre 0,79 e 0,93 foram extraídos com base em 66 itens restantes. Em seguida, os itens foram analisados segundo o modelo de Rasch, sendo que um item mostrou índices de ajuste fora do padrão e foi excluído, restando 65 itens. Os resultados são discutidos à luz de estudos sobre o assunto, sendo ressaltadas suas contribuições, limitações e pesquisas futuras necessárias.(AU)

The aim of this study is to report the construction and validation of the items and the internal structure of the Reasons for Higher Education Dropout Scale. The wording of the items was based on Brazilian papers, retrieved from digital databases, as well as the experiences of active and inactive higher education students. The items were evaluated by judges, who suggested writing changes and additions, and the first version had 81 items which were completed by 327 students from public and private institutions. Based on parallel analysis, seven principal components were extracted with alphas between .79 and .93. Then, the items were analyzed according to the Rasch model, and one item fit indices showed nonstandard, and was also excluded, leaving 65 items. The results are discussed in the light of studies on the subject, and highlighted its contributions, limitations and future research is needed.(AU)

El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar la construcción de los itenes y validación de la estructura interna de la Escala de Razones para Deserción de la Educación Superior. El redación de los itenes se basó en articulos brasileños, recuperados de bases de datos digitales, así como las experiencias de los estudiantes de educación superior activos y inactivos. Los itenes fueron evaluados por jueces, quienes sugirieron cambios editoriales y adiciones, y la primera versión tenía 81 itenes que fueron completados por 327 estudiantes de instituciones públicas y privadas. Siete componentes principales con alfas entre 0,79 y 0,93 se extrajeron basan en 66 itens restantes. Luego, los itenes fueron analizados de acuerdo con el modelo de Rasch, y un mostró índices de ajuste fuera del patrón, y también fue excluido, dejando 65 itenes. Los resultados se discuten a la luz de estudios sobre el tema, y destacó sus contribuciones, limitaciones y es necesaria la investigación futura.(AU)

Construção da Escala de Motivos para Evasão do Ensino Superior / Development of the Reasons for Higher Education Dropout Scale / Construccion de la Escala de Razones para Deserción de la Educación Superior

O objetivo deste estudo é relatar a construção dos itens e validação da estrutura interna da Escala de Motivos para Evasão do Ensino Superior. A formulação dos itens baseou-se em artigos brasileiros, recuperados de bases de dados digitais, bem como na vivência de estudantes de Ensino Superior ativos e evadidos. Os itens foram avaliados por juízes, que sugeriram mudanças de redação e inclusões, sendo que a primeira versão contou com 81 itens, que foram respondidos por 327 estudantes, de instituições públicas e particulares. Sete componentes principais com alfas entre 0,79 e 0,93 foram extraídos com base em 66 itens restantes. Em seguida, os itens foram analisados segundo o modelo de Rasch, sendo que um item mostrou índices de ajuste fora do padrão e foi excluído, restando 65 itens. Os resultados são discutidos à luz de estudos sobre o assunto, sendo ressaltadas suas contribuições, limitações e pesquisas futuras necessárias...

The aim of this study is to report the construction and validation of the items and the internal structure of the Reasons for Higher Education Dropout Scale. The wording of the items was based on Brazilian papers, retrieved from digital databases, as well as the experiences of active and inactive higher education students. The items were evaluated by judges, who suggested writing changes and additions, and the first version had 81 items which were completed by 327 students from public and private institutions. Based on parallel analysis, seven principal components were extracted with alphas between .79 and .93. Then, the items were analyzed according to the Rasch model, and one item fit indices showed nonstandard, and was also excluded, leaving 65 items. The results are discussed in the light of studies on the subject, and highlighted its contributions, limitations and future research is needed...

El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar la construcción de los itenes y validación de la estructura interna de la Escala de Razones para Deserción de la Educación Superior. El redación de los itenes se basó en articulos brasileños, recuperados de bases de datos digitales, así como las experiencias de los estudiantes de educación superior activos y inactivos. Los itenes fueron evaluados por jueces, quienes sugirieron cambios editoriales y adiciones, y la primera versión tenía 81 itenes que fueron completados por 327 estudiantes de instituciones públicas y privadas. Siete componentes principales con alfas entre 0,79 y 0,93 se extrajeron basan en 66 itens restantes. Luego, los itenes fueron analizados de acuerdo con el modelo de Rasch, y un mostró índices de ajuste fuera del patrón, y también fue excluido, dejando 65 itenes. Los resultados se discuten a la luz de estudios sobre el tema, y destacó sus contribuciones, limitaciones y es necesaria la investigación futura...

Estrés académico, deserción y estrategias de retención de estudiantes en la educación superior / Academic stress, desertion, and retention strategies for students in higher education

Se realizó una revisión sistemática para precisar las características del estrés académico que incide en la salud mental de la población universitaria. Para ello, se examinaron publicaciones recientes sobre estrés académico, deserción estudiantil y estrategias de retención. A lo largo de este texto, se presentan los resultados de la revisión en términos de las definiciones de estrés académico, deserción estudiantil y estrategias de retención. Así mismo, se examinan los modelos interpretativos de la deserción estudiantil y se hace una aproximación a las estrategias de retención en la educación superior. Se reseñan experiencias de retención de algunos países del exterior. Con respecto a Colombia se presentan los aspectos relacionados con la deserción estudiantil y los programas de retención, desde el punto de vista del Ministerio de Educación Nacional y desde la experiencia de algunas universidades con programas consolidados.(AU)

A systematic review was performed to specify the characteristics of academic stress that affect the mental health of the university population. To do this, recent publications regarding academic stress, student desertion, and retention strategies were examined. Throughout this text, we present the results of the review in terms of the definitions of academic stress, student desertion, and retention strategies. In the same way, we examine the interpretative models with regard to student desertion and approach retention strategies in higher education. We also review retention experiences of several other countries. In terms of Colombia, we present aspects related to student desertion and retention programs from the point of view of the National Ministry of Education and from the experience of some universities with consolidated programs.(AU)

A escola e a semiliberdade: a importância do diálogo / School and semi-liberty: the importance of dialogue / La escuela y la semilibertad: la importancia del diálogo

A relação do adolescente autor de ato infracional com o espaço escolar é o tema central deste artigo. Procurou-se refletir sobre o eixo da escolarização na medida socioeducativa de semiliberdade, levando em conta as peculiaridades de tal medida no que concerne aos impasses vividos com a escola. Para isso, realizou-se uma análise tanto da evasão escolar dos adolescentes, destacando-se a função da escola em suas vidas e as dificuldades de permanecer no espaço escolar, quanto dos problemas enfrentados por professores na inserção desses alunos. Entender os desafios da escolarização na medida de semiliberdade contribui para uma compreensão ampliada dos impasses na educação hoje, visto que isso demanda uma pesquisa que contemple os jovens e sua relação conflituosa com a escola, a dificuldade dos educadores com a transmissão e a resistência das instituições. Finalmente, sugerem-se saídas para o trabalho da semiliberdade com base no entendimento da escola como lugar de vida.

The relationship between teenagers who have committed infractions and the school environment is the main topic of this article, which aims to reflect on schooling during compliance of social educational measures of semi-liberty, taking into consideration the peculiarities of such measures regarding the impasses with school as an institution. For this purpose, an analysis of drop-out rates (highlighting the role of school in the youngsters’ lives and the difficulty to keep attending classes) as well as the problems faced by teachers through the insertion of these students. Understanding the challenges of schooling during semi-liberty measures contributes to a broader comprehension of today’s educational deadlocks, as it demands researches that focus on the teenagers in their confrontational relationship with school as well as the difficulties faced by teachers and institutional resistance. Finally the text offers suggestions for the work with semi-liberty from the perspective of school as a place for living.

La relación del adolescente autor de acto infractor con la escuela es el tema central de este artículo. Se procuró reflexionar sobre la escolarización en la medida socioeducativa de semilibertad, considerando las peculiaridades de tal medida en su relación con los impases vividos con la escuela. Para ello, se analizó tanto la evasión escolar de los adolescentes, destacándose la función de la escuela en sus vidas y las dificultades de permanecer ahí, como los problemas enfrentados por profesores en la inserción de esos alumnos. Entender los desafíos de la escolarización en la medida de semilibertad contribuye para la comprensión de los impases en la educación hoy, ya que eso demanda una investigación que contemple los jóvenes y su relación conflictiva con la escuela, la dificultad de los educadores con la transmisión y la resistencia de las instituciones. Finalmente, son sugeridas salidas para el trabajo con la semilibertad desde la comprensión de la escuela como lugar de vida.