Aberrant Origin of Vertebral Artery and its Clinical Implications.

Aberrant origin of vertebral artery is rare. The anatomical features and clinical significance of this lesion remain to be clarified. A comprehensive collection of the pertinent literature resulted in a cohort of 1286 cases involving 955 patients and 331 cadavers. There were more left than right and more unilateral than bilateral aberrant vertebral arteries. Patients with aberrant origin of vertebral artery were often asymptomatic and in only 5.5% of the patients their symptoms were probably related to the aberrant origin of vertebral artery. The acquired cardiovascular lesions were present in 9.5% of the patients, 20.9% of which were vertebral artery-associated lesions. Eight (0.8%) patients had a vertebral artery dissection. Logistic regression analysis showed significant regressions between bovine trunk and left vertebral artery (P=0.000), between the dual origins of vertebral artery and cerebral infarct/thrombus (P=0.041), between associated alternative congenital vascular variants and cervical/aortic dissection/atherosclerosis (P=0.008). Multiple logistic regression demonstrated that side of the aberrant origin of vertebral artery (left vertebral artery) (P=0.014), arch branch pattern (direct arch origin) (P=0.019), presence of the common trunk (P=0.019), associated acquired vascular disorder (P=0.034) and the patients who warranted management (P=0.000) were significant risk predictors for neurological sequelae. The patients with neurological symptoms and those for neck and chest operations/ interventions should be carefully screened for the possibility of an aberrant origin of vertebral artery. The results from the cadaver metrology study are very helpful in the design of the aortic stent. The arch branch pattern has to be taken into consideration before any maneuver in the local region so as to avoid unexpected events in relation to aberrant vertebral artery.

Aberrant Origin of Vertebral Artery and its Clinical Implications

Abstract Aberrant origin of vertebral artery is rare. The anatomical features and clinical significance of this lesion remain to be clarified. A comprehensive collection of the pertinent literature resulted in a cohort of 1286 cases involving 955 patients and 331 cadavers. There were more left than right and more unilateral than bilateral aberrant vertebral arteries. Patients with aberrant origin of vertebral artery were often asymptomatic and in only 5.5% of the patients their symptoms were probably related to the aberrant origin of vertebral artery. The acquired cardiovascular lesions were present in 9.5% of the patients, 20.9% of which were vertebral artery-associated lesions. Eight (0.8%) patients had a vertebral artery dissection. Logistic regression analysis showed significant regressions between bovine trunk and left vertebral artery (P=0.000), between the dual origins of vertebral artery and cerebral infarct/thrombus (P=0.041), between associated alternative congenital vascular variants and cervical/aortic dissection/atherosclerosis (P=0.008). Multiple logistic regression demonstrated that side of the aberrant origin of vertebral artery (left vertebral artery) (P=0.014), arch branch pattern (direct arch origin) (P=0.019), presence of the common trunk (P=0.019), associated acquired vascular disorder (P=0.034) and the patients who warranted management (P=0.000) were significant risk predictors for neurological sequelea. The patients with neurological symptoms and those for neck and chest operations/ interventions should be carefully screened for the possibility of an aberrant origin of vertebral artery. The results from the cadaver metrology study are very helpful in the design of the aortic stent. The arch branch pattern has to be taken into consideration before any maneuver in the local region so as to avoid unexpected events in relation to aberrant vertebral artery.

Bypass carótido-subclavio con vena safena como alternativa de tratamiento en la oclusión de la arteria subclavia izquierda / Carotid-subclavian bypass with saphenous vein as a choice in treating occlusion of the left subclavian artery

La oclusión de la arteria subclavia izquierda es un cuadro poco frecuente y que cursa de forma asintomática generalmente. La presencia de síntomas y posibles complicaciones indican el tratamiento quirúrgico. El bypass carótido-subclavio es la técnica quirúrgica más utilizada gracias a su baja morbilidad, mortalidad y elevados índices de permeabilidad a largo plazo. El propósito de este trabajo es presentar un procedimiento alternativo para el tratamiento quirúrgico de esta oclusión, en este caso, el bypass carótido-subclavio con injerto de vena safena interna. Se describe el caso de una paciente de 56 años, fumadora inveterada que acudió al Servicio de Cirugía Cardíaca y Vascular del Cardiocentro Ernesto Guevara, Villa Clara en diciembre de 2014 por presentar dolor frecuente en el miembro superior izquierdo que limitaba la actividad física. Se diagnosticó oclusión de la primera porción de la arteria subclavia izquierda. Se realizó bypass carótido-subclavio con injerto de vena safena interna que solucionó su cuadro clínico. La paciente evolucionó satisfactoriamente con bypass permeable con ultrasonido y angio-tomografía computarizada a los dos años de operada. El bypass carótido-subclavio con injerto de vena safena interna representa una alternativa efectiva y segura en el tratamiento de la oclusión sintomática de la arteria subclavia izquierda(AU)

The occlusion of the left subclavian artery is an uncommon situation and mostly asymptomatic. The presence of symptoms and possible complications indicate the surgical treatment. The carotid-subclavian bypass is the classical surgical technique, due to its low morbidity and mortality rates, and long term permeability indexes. The objective of this paper was to present an alternative procedure for surgical treatment of this type of occlusion, that is, the carotid-subclavian bypass with internal saphenous vein graft. Here is a 56 year-old female , heavy smoker patient who went to the heart and vascular surgery of Ernesto Guevara cardiological center in Villa Clara province on December 2014. She presented with frequent pain in the left upper limb that restricted her daily physical activity; the diagnosis was occlusion of the first portion of the left subclavian artery. The patient underwent left carotid-subclavian bypass surgery using a greater saphenous vein graft that eliminated the clinical picture. The patient recovered satisfactorily with a permeable bypass and she was performed ultrasound and angiographic computer tomography after two years of operation. Carotid-subclavian bypass with greater saphenous vein graft represents an effective and safe alternative in the treatment of the symptomatic occlusion of the left subclavian artery(AU)

Vascular Anomalies Associated with Esophageal Atresia and Tracheoesophageal Fistula.

OBJECTIVE: To report the incidence of congenital vascular anomalies in a cohort of patients with esophageal atresia (EA) and tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) while describing the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and consequences, and to evaluate the diagnostic value of esophagram in diagnosing an aberrant right subclavian artery (ARSA). METHODS: All patients born with EA/TEF between 2005 and 2013 were studied. Preoperative echocardiography reports, surgical descriptions of primary esophageal repair, and esophagrams were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: Of the 76 children born with EA/TEF included in this study, 14 (18%) had a vascular malformation. The incidence of a right aortic arch (RAA) was 6% (5 of 76), and that of an aberrant right subclavian artery (ARSA) was 12% (9 of 76). RAA was diagnosed in the neonatal period by echocardiography (4 of 5) or surgery (1 of 5), and ARSA was diagnosed by echocardiography (7 of 9) or later on the esophagram (2 of 9). Respiratory and/or digestive symptoms occurred in 9 of the 14 patients with vascular malformation. Both long-gap EA and severe cardiac malformations necessitating surgery were significantly associated with vascular anomalies (P<.05). The sensitivity of the esophagram for diagnosing ARSA was 66%, the specificity was 98%, the negative predictive value was 95%, and the positive predictive value was 85%. CONCLUSION: ARSA and RAA have an incidence of 12% and 6% respectively, in patients with EA/TEF. A computed tomography angioscan is recommended to rule out such malformations when stenting of the esophagus is indicated, before esophageal replacement surgery, and when prolonged (>2 weeks) use of a nasogastric tube is considered.

Subclavian and axillary arterial aneurysms: two case reports / Aneurismas do segmento subclavio-axilar: relato de dois casos

Aneurysms of the subclavian-axillary segment are rare, but when diagnosed they must be treated. This article describes two cases of aneurysms of the upper extremities, one in a subclavian artery and the other in an axillary artery. The first case was a 71-year-old male with a pulsating supraclavicular bulge on the right and muscle weakness in the ipsilateral extremity. Duplex scanning and arteriography confirmed the diagnosis of aneurysm of the right subclavian artery and the patient underwent aneurysmectomy and end-to-end anastomosis. The second case was a 24-year-old female patient, with no history of comorbidities, who presented with a pulsating mass in the right axillary region and paresthesia of the ipsilateral extremity. Duplex scanning and arteriography confirmed an aneurysm in the right axillary artery, which was successfully treated with aneurysmectomy and end-to-end anastomosis. Pathology findings showed that the first case was an atherosclerotic aneurysm and the second was a congenital aneurysm.

Os aneurismas do segmento subclávio-axilar são de ocorrência rara e, uma vez diagnosticados, devem ser tratados. Neste trabalho, relatamos dois casos de aneurismas de membros superiores, sendo um da artéria subclávia e outro da artéria axilar. No primeiro caso, o paciente de 71 anos, sexo masculino, apresentava abaulamento pulsátil supraclavicular direito associado à fraqueza muscular no membro ipsilateral. Foram realizados duplex scan e arteriografia, que confirmaram o diagnóstico de aneurisma da artéria subclávia direita, sendo o paciente submetido à aneurismectomia com anastomose término-terminal. No segundo caso, uma paciente de 24 anos, do sexo feminino, sem antecedentes mórbidos ou comorbidades, apresentava queixa de massa pulsátil na região axilar direita associada à parestesia no membro ipsilateral. O duplex scan e a arteriografia confirmaram o aneurisma da artéria axilar direita, que foi tratado com aneurismectomia e anastomose término-terminal com sucesso. O diagnóstico anátomo-clínico foi de aneurisma aterosclerótico no primeiro caso e, no segundo caso, de aneurisma congênito.

Estenose aórtica supravalvar em adulto com anomalia de vasos da base e insuficiência aórtica / Supravalvular aortic stenosis in adult with anomalies of aortic arch vessels and aortic regurgitation

A estenose aórtica supravalvar é uma rara cardiopatia congênita, bastante incomum em adultos. Apresentamos um caso de estenose aórtica supravalvar em adulto com anomalia de vasos do arco aórtico, já com presença de insuficiência aórtica importante, tratado com êxito por meio de plastia da aorta ascendente e troca valvar aórtica.

The supravalvular aortic stenosis is a rare congenital heart defect being very uncommon in adults. We present a case of supravalvular aortic stenosis in adult associated with anomalies of the aortic arch vessels and aortic regurgitation, which was submitted to aortic valve replacement and arterioplasty of the ascending aorta with a good postoperative course.

Supravalvular aortic stenosis in adult with anomalies of aortic arch vessels and aortic regurgitation.

The supravalvular aortic stenosis is a rare congenital heart defect being very uncommon in adults. We present a case of supravalvular aortic stenosis in adult associated with anomalies of the aortic arch vessels and aortic regurgitation, which was submitted to aortic valve replacement and arterioplasty of the ascending aorta with a good postoperative course.

Arterite actínica de artéria subclávia: relato de caso e revisão de literatura / Actinic arteritis of subclavian artery: case report and literature review

Diversas são as complicações possíveis da radioterapia na adjuvância do tratamento de neoplasias. Lesões actínicas de artéria subclávia em pacientes submetidos a este tipo de tratamento para neoplasia de mama são complicações conhecidas, porém com poucos relatos de casos publicados. No presente relato, descrevemos um caso de oclusão de artéria subclávia direita em paciente submetida à radioterapia para tratamento de neoplasia de mama, tratada com a revascularização convencional, com interposição de enxerto de politetrafluoretileno (PTFE). Na revisão da literatura realizada, foram encontrados doze casos descritos que evidenciaram diferentes opções terapêuticas. Concluímos que a arterite actínica de artéria subclávia é uma doença incomum, entretanto sua hipótese deve ser aventada em todos os pacientes com isquemia de membro superior já submetidos a tratamento de radioterapia.

Several complications may occur as a consequence of adjuvant radiotherapy for cancer. One of these complications is actinic lesions of the subclavian artery in patients undergoing radiotherapy for breast cancer; however, there are few reported cases. In the present case report, we describe a case of right subclavian artery occlusion in a patient undergoing radiotherapy for breast cancer. Occlusion was treated by means of conventional artery bypass with interposition graft with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). Our extensive review of the literature revealed 12 reported cases showing the different treatment options performed. We concluded that actinic arteritis of the subclavian artery is an uncommon condition; however, its presence should be considered in all patients with upper limb ischemia who underwent radiotherapy.

Takayasu arteritis: assessment of response to medical therapy based on clinical activity criteria and imaging techniques.

In this retrospective longitudinal cohort study we included 52 patients with Takayasu arteritis (TA) who were on regular follow-up at the Vasculitis Unit of Universidade Federal de São Paulo between 2003 and 2009. The mean age at study was 38 years and the mean age at diagnosis was 29 years. Patients were followed for a mean 74.3 months. A relapse-remitting course was observed in 41 patients (78.8%) whereas 9 (17.3%) had a monophasic course and only 2 (3.8%) patients were chronic-active. Disease remission was achieved in 50 patients (96.2%). Angiographic type V was observed in 42.3% of TA patients at diagnosis and in 61.5% during follow-up. The most affected arteries were the abdominal aorta (63.5%) and left subclavian (60.6%). Prednisone was used by 94% of TA patients and immunosuppressive agents were prescribed for 51 (98%) patients. Methotrexate was used by 82.7%, followed by cyclophosphamide (26.9%), azathioprine (25.0%), anti-TNFα agents (5.8%) and leflunomide (5.8%). Although, forty patients (76.9%) used prednisone and methotrexate as initial treatment, 75% of them developed new vascular lesions along follow-up. Eighteen TA patients (34.6%) needed to change immunosuppressive therapy due to failure or toxicity, among them 83.3% presented new lesions. Surgical treatment was performed in 34.6% of patients and restenosis was observed in 13.5% in a median time of 11 months after surgery. In conclusion besides prednisone and methotrexate is largely used in TA, the majority of patients still develop new arterial lesions along time.

Radiculopathy due to iatrogenic fistula between subclavian artery and internal jugular vein.

Central venous cannulation is a routine procedure. We describe a rare complication of internal jugular vein catheterization leading to radiculopathy of the right upper arm. MRI of the neck showed compression of the spinal cord and C2-C7 roots by the engorged veins. Digital subtraction angiography demonstrated a fistula between subclavian artery and internal jugular vein. The fistula was successfully occluded by stent placement in the artery.

Penetrating neck trauma and the aberrant subclavian artery.

Vascular injuries from penetrating trauma to the base of the neck are accompanied by significant morbidity and potential mortality. These injuries require several diagnostic adjuncts in order to facilitate early diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Herein reported is the case of a patient who sustained penetrating injury to the thoracic inlet but had a fortuitous anomaly that prevented vascular injury and its attendant complications.

Penetrating neck trauma and the aberrant subclavian artery

Vascular injuries from penetrating trauma to the base of the neck are accompanied by significant morbidity and potential mortality. These injuries require several diagnostic adjuncts in order to facilitate early diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Herein reported is the case of a patient who sustained penetrating injury to the thoracic inlet but had a fortuitous anomaly that prevented vascular injury and its attendant complications.

Espessamento médio-intimal na origem da artéria subclávia direita como marcador precoce de risco cardiovascular / Intima-media thickness in the origin of right subclavian artery as an early marker of cardiovascular risk

OBJETIVO: O espessamento médio-intimal (EMI) na artéria carótida comum é considerado fator de risco cardiovascular e marcador de doença arterial coronariana precoce. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar a existência de correlação entre o EMI nas artérias carótidas e na origem da artéria subclávia direita, e avaliar o EMI na artéria subclávia como um marcador mais precoce para avaliação de risco cardiovascular. MÉTODOS: Cento e seis pacientes consecutivos, 52 homens e 54 mulheres, com média de idade de 51 anos, foram submetidos à avaliação das artérias carótidas e subclávia direita pela ultra-sonografia vascular com Doppler colorido. Para avaliar a associação entre EMI das artérias carótidas e subclávia direita calcularam-se o coeficiente de correlação de Pearson e o intervalo de 95 por cento de confiança para esse coeficiente. A qualidade da medida do EMI da artéria subclávia direita para diagnóstico de espessamento precoce, considerando-se o espessamento da carótida como padrão de referência (> 0,8 mm), foi descrita por valores de sensibilidade, especificidade, valor preditivo positivo, valor preditivo negativo e acurácia. Pontos de corte para o EMI da artéria subclávia foram sugeridos pela Curva ROC. Valores de p < 0,05 foram considerados estatisticamente significantes. RESULTADOS: Na associação entre 41 artérias carótidas sem EMI, 30 (73 por cento) artérias subclávias direitas apresentavam EMI > 0,8 mm. O valor médio de EMI obtido na artéria carótida foi de 0,87 mm (DP = 0,23) e na artéria subclávia direita foi de 1,17 mm (DP = 0,46), com coeficiente de correlação de 0,31 (95 por cento IC: 0,12 ; 0,47). A avaliação pela curva ROC demonstrou um valor de corte de 0,7 mm para EMI da artéria subclávia direita, tendo como padrão de referência o valor de corte de EMI da artéria carótida de 0,8 mm (sensibilidade 91 por cento, especificidade 27 por cento, VPP 66 por cento, VPN 65 por cento e acurácia 66 por cento). CONCLUSÃO: Existe boa correlação entre o EMI...

OBJECTIVE: Common carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) is considered a factor of cardiovascular risk and an early marker of coronary artery disease. This study aimed to investigate the existence of a correlation between IMT in the carotid arteries and at the origin of the right subclavian artery, as well as to evaluate IMT in the subclavian artery as an earlier marker of cardiovascular risk. METHODS: One hundred and six consecutive patients, 52 males and 54 females, average age 51 years, underwent color Doppler ultrasonography to evaluate carotid and right subclavian arteries. The relationship between carotid IMT and right subclavian IMT was assessed using the Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis and a 95 percent confidence interval. Reliability of right subclavian artery IMT measurement for the diagnosis of early thickening (considering a > 0.8 mm carotid thickness as reference) was described as to sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy. Cut-off values for the right subclavian IMT were indicated by the ROC curve, and p values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Out of the 41 patients whose carotid arteries were IMT-free, 30 (73 percent) had right subclavian artery IMT values > 0.8 mm. The mean IMT value for the carotid artery was 0.87 mm (SD = 0.23) and for the subclavian artery, 1.17 mm (SD = 0.46), with a 0.31 correlation coefficient (95 percent CI: 0.12; 0.47). The ROC curve analysis indicated a cut-off value of 0.7 mm for the right subclavian artery IMT, using as reference a 0.8 mm cut-off value for the carotid artery (91 percent sensitivity, 27 percent specificity, 66 percent PPV, 65 percent NPV, and 66 percent accuracy). CONCLUSION: Our study showed that carotid artery IMT correlates well with right subclavian artery IMT. With a 0.7 mm cut-off value, it is possible to detect IMT in the right subclavian artery earlier than in the carotid arteries. The IMT at the...

Intima-media thickness in the origin of right subclavian artery as an early marker of cardiovascular risk.

OBJECTIVE: Common carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) is considered a factor of cardiovascular risk and an early marker of coronary artery disease. This study aimed to investigate the existence of a correlation between IMT in the carotid arteries and at the origin of the right subclavian artery, as well as to evaluate IMT in the subclavian artery as an earlier marker of cardiovascular risk. METHODS: One hundred and six consecutive patients, 52 males and 54 females, average age 51 years, underwent color Doppler ultrasonography to evaluate carotid and right subclavian arteries. The relationship between carotid IMT and right subclavian IMT was assessed using the Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis and a 95% confidence interval. Reliability of right subclavian artery IMT measurement for the diagnosis of early thickening (considering a > 0.8 mm carotid thickness as reference) was described as to sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy. Cut-off values for the right subclavian IMT were indicated by the ROC curve, and p values < or = 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Out of the 41 patients whose carotid arteries were IMT-free, 30 (73%) had right subclavian artery IMT values > 0.8 mm. The mean IMT value for the carotid artery was 0.87 mm (SD = 0.23) and for the subclavian artery, 1.17 mm (SD = 0.46), with a 0.31 correlation coefficient (95% CI: 0.12; 0.47). The ROC curve analysis indicated a cut-off value of 0.7 mm for the right subclavian artery IMT, using as reference a 0.8 mm cut-off value for the carotid artery (91% sensitivity, 27% specificity, 66% PPV, 65% NPV, and 66% accuracy). CONCLUSION: Our study showed that carotid artery IMT correlates well with right subclavian artery IMT. With a 0.7 mm cut-off value, it is possible to detect IMT in the right subclavian artery earlier than in the carotid arteries. The IMT at the origin of the right subclavian artery can be considered an earlier marker for the assessment of cardiovascular risk.

Endovascular repair of symptomatic coronary-subclavian steal syndrome due to stenosis of the proximal left subclavian artery.

We report a patient with left subclavian artery stenosis in whom the internal thoracic artery (ITA) had been used as a coronary bypass. She presented with symptomatic myocardial and brain ischemia resulting from coronary-subclavian steal syndrome and was successfully treated with angioplasty and stenting.

Thoracic aorta dissection associated with aberrant right subclavian artery: treatment with endovascular stent-graft placement.

Dissecting aneurysm is the condition produced by separation of the layers of the arterial wall by circulating blood. Although rare, the coexistence of aortic dissection and aberrant right subclavian artery may be catastrophic. In this study we report the endovascular treatment of a patient with thoracic aorta dissection associated with aberrant right subclavian artery. Aortic clamping proximal to the left subclavian artery in a patient with an aberrant right subclavian artery slows or eliminates flow to both vertebral arteries. Endovascular repair eliminates the complications associated with aortic clamping during surgical repair in the presence of an aberrant right subclavian artery; therefore, it should be considered the treatment of choice in this situation.

Imaging diagnosis of subclavian steal syndrome secondary to Takayasu arteritis affecting a left-side subclavian artery.

Takayasu arteritis (TA) is a rare form of large-vessel, chronic, occlusive vasculitis. It involves mainly aorta and its main branches, causing stenosis and/or obstruction. Its frequency has been estimated at 2.9 cases per 1 million people. Epidemiologically, it is found principally in young female patients and is more prevalent in Asia and Latin America. When there is severe stenosis or occlusion in subclavian artery, the phenomenon of subclavian steal syndrome (SSS) occurs, which usually causes symptoms of the vertebrobasilar territory because blood supply to the arm is sustained by reversal of flow in ipsilateral vertebral artery. We describe a case of SSS thought to be due to TA in a Mexican woman. Doppler ultrasound of neck vessels showed retrograde flow in left vertebral artery during systole. Digital subtraction angiography confirmed 30% stenosis of left subclavian artery with filling of left vertebral artery in retrograde direction. In presenting this case, we carried out a brief review of TA, main features in imaging diagnosis of SSS, and the infrequently reported association of TA with SSS.

Frecuencia, necesidad y oportunidad de los reemplazos vasculares en la cirugía oncológica de cabeza y cuello / Frequency, necessity and opportunity of vascular replacing in oncologic surgery of head and neck

Antecedentes: los cirujanos se enfrentan a menudo al dilema de resecar las arterias carótidas o subclavia por vecindad o invasión tumoral. El corto intervalo libre de enfermedad y las complicaciones limitan esos intentos. Otras alternativas son la disección subadventicial o la ligadura directa para lograr la exéresis del tumor. Objetivo: analizar frecuencia, necesidad y oportunidad de los reemplazos vasculares en la cirugía oncológica de cabeza y cuello. Lugar de aplicación: Hospital público de atención terciaria de tumores. Diseño: retrospectivo. Población: 13 enfermos; 86,6 por ciento masculinos, edad media 51,9 años (23-73). En el 84,6 por ciento la cirugía fue por tumores malignos. La patología maligna fue metastásica en 8/11 (72,2 por ciento). La histología dominante fue carcinoma epidermoide. Las arterias resecadas fueron la carótida en 12 y la subclavia en 1. En 8/13 se practicó biopsia por congelación de la adventicia. El material de reemplazo fue heterólogo en 6 y autólogo en 7. Resultados: se produjo un óbito perioperatorio. Los restantes evolucionaron bien, produciéndose la obliteración espontánea sin secuelas en 2. Cuatro enfermos experimentaron disfonía como secuela de la inclusión del vago en la resección. Conclusiones: los reemplazos vasculares en cirugía oncológica de cabeza y cuello son infrecuentes, seguros y necesarios cuando el tumor invade el plano adventicial de los grandes vasos del cuello. Su frecuencia podría ser mayor si se realizara congelación de la adventicia en forma rutinaria (AU)

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type IV and multiple aortic aneurysms--a case report.

Beside atherosclerosis, aortic aneurysms can be part of the clinical spectrum of many systemic diseases, including infectious, inflammatory, genetic and, less often, congenital disorders. A 48-year-old white man presented with multiple large aneurysms of the aorta and its main branches. Medical history was unremarkable except for the presence of a softened abdominal mass since he was 28 years old. On the physical examination, an arterial murmur was heard over the left carotid artery and a palpable mass was noted in the whole right side of the abdomen. No skin or joint abnormalities were noted. Aortography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance angiography showed multiple large aneurysms of the descending thoracic and abdominal aorta. Aneurysms of the innominate, left subclavian, and carotid arteries were also seen. This case resembles those previously reported, in which multiple aortic aneurysms were associated with abnormalities of the type III procollagen gene (COL3A1). Although the classic stigmas of the Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type IV were lacking, this genetic disease may be the cause of the multiple aneurysms in this patient.

By Pass carotido-axilar: tratamiento percutáneo de estenosis distal / Carotid to axillary artery by pass percutaneous treatment of distal stenosis

Se analiza el caso de una paciente de sexo femenino, que presentaba una lesión estenosante a nivel de la anastomosis distal de un by pass carotido-axilar. Consultó por claudicación de miembro superior izquierdo, mareos y dos episodios de pérdida de conocimiento. Se constata una estenosis significativa en la anastomosis distal de un by pass carotido-axilar realizado dieciocho meses antes. Se realizó una angioplastía percutánea con stenting, recuperando la paciente su clase funcional y estado neurológico. Se destaca el rol de la angioplastía con uso de stent para el tratamiento de la enfermedad estenosante de un procedimiento quirúrgico realizado previamente (AU)