Postmortem CT appearance of gas collections in fatal diving accidents.

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of our study was to define the postmortem CT semiology of gas collections linked to putrefaction, postmortem "off-gassing," and decompression illness after fatal diving accidents and to establish postmortem CT diagnostic criteria to distinguish the different causes of death in diving. SUBJECTS AND METHODS. A 4-year prospective study was conducted including cases of death during diving. A hyperbaric physician analyzed the circumstances of death and the dive profile, and an autopsy was performed. Subjects were divided into three groups according to the analysis from their dive profile: decompression illness, death after decompression dive without decompression illness, and death after nondecompression dive without decompression illness. Full-body postmortem CT was performed before autopsy. RESULTS. The presence of intraarterial gas associated with death by decompression illness had a negative predictive value (NPV) of 100%, but the positive predictive value (PPV) was only 54% because of postmortem off-gassing. The PPV reached 70% when considering pneumatization of the supraaortic trunks. Pneumothorax, subcutaneous emphysema, and intraarterial gas, all of which are classic criteria for decompression illness diagnosis, are not specific for decompression illness. CONCLUSION. This study is the first to show that pneumothorax, subcutaneous emphysema, and intraarterial gas, all of which are classic criteria for decompression illness diagnosis, are not specific for decompression illness. Complete pneumatization of supraaortic trunks is the best postmortem CT criteria to detect a fatal decompression illness when CT is performed within 24 hours after death.

High incidence of subcutaneous emphysema in children in a Somali refugee cAMP during measles outbreak.

During an outbreak of measles in a refugee camp in Ethiopia, 9 patients (age range 4 months to 18 years) were diagnosed with subcutaneous emphysema. Incidence of this rare complication of measles in this refugee camp was higher than previously reported. We hypothesize that the high incidence is most likely related to poor physical state of the refugee population with high rates of malnutrition.

[Tracheal rupture as a cause of unanticipated perioperative mortality]. / Trachearuptuur als oorzaak van onverwacht peroperatief overlijden.

Here we report two cases in which healthy young patients died during surgery because ventilation was impossible by a clinical picture of massive subcutaneous emphysema. The probable diagnosis was tracheal rupture. This diagnosis was not confirmed during coroner's autopsy, but there had been no systematic search for a puncture in the trachea or the main bronchial tubes. Immediate recognition of this situation, and implementation of ventilation of one lung by pushing a narrower endobronchial tube beyond the tracheal rupture, is potentially life-saving.

Spontaneous thoracic air-leakage syndrome in patients following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: causes, CT-follow up and patient outcome.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this article is to describe and illustrate the acute and follow-up imaging features, clinical constellation and outcome of patients with thoracic air-leakage syndrome following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HCT). METHODS: Patients with evidence of thoracic air-leakage, i.e. spontaneous pneumomediastinum, spontaneous pneumothorax or interstitial emphysema after allo-HCT were retrospectively identified by a chart review. Acute and follow-up morphology, duration and patient outcome were analyzed on CT (HRCT or MSCT with HR-reconstructions). Correlation was made with histological results of transbronchial biopsy. RESULTS: The 6 patients included (3 male and 3 female, 14-64 years old) with thoracic air-leakage after allo-HCT all had histologically proven bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) or bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP). Thoracic air-leakage consisted of spontaneous pneumomediastinum associated with active invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) in 4/6 and spontaneous pneumothorax or interstitial emphysema each in 1/6 patients. Duration of thoracic air-leakage was 7-135 days. Of the patients with spontaneous pneumomediastinum, 3/4 died of IPA. One patient survived until complete regression of spontaneous pneumomediastinum. One patient died 7 days after spontaneous pneumothorax and one survived developing chronic interstitial emphysema. CONCLUSION: In all cases, thoracic air-leakage was associated to BO or BOOP. In the majority of cases with additional IPA, thoracic air-leakage is more indicative for severity of pulmonary disease than a life-threatening entity itself.

[Gastric necrosis from acute dilatation without underlying psychiatric disorder]. / Nécrose gastrique sur distension aiguë sans contexte psychiatrique.

Acute gastric dilatation with necrosis is a rare and severe complication associated with anorexia nervosa, bulimia, and psychogenic polyphagia. The Authors report an unusual case without underlying psychiatric context. Gastric necrosis was suspected based on imaging findings (plain radiograph and computed tomography). The detection of these imaging signs in an appropriate clinical setting, even without underlying psychiatric context, is important to avoid any delay in diagnosis and reduce mortality.

[Importance of thoracic trauma in the multi-traumatized child]. / Die Bedeutung der Thoraxverletzung beim multitraumatisierten Kind.

The rate of thoracic trauma in multitraumatized children was assessed on the basis of two series of investigations: thoracic injuries increased from 8% to 34%. Severe injury to the thorax is seen in spite of a decrease in multitraumata. Thoracic trauma is a central lesion with only occasional involvement of the peripheral extremities. To assess such injuries it is essential to pay attention to factors like age-related blood volume, specific fluid metabolism, different periods of thoracic elasticity, and the relation of lung volume to the child's age.