Long-term patency of aorto-biiliac endoprosthesis for critical lower limb ischaemia in Takayasu arteritis after complicated angioplasty with a drug-coated balloon: Effect of dual antiplatelet therapy combined with tocilizumab.

Takayasu arteritis is a chronic granulomatous vasculitis of unknown aetiology affecting the aorta and its major branches. Critical limb ischaemia may occur and eventually require surgical intervention. Surgical outcomes are influenced by disease activity, age, and comorbidities. We report a 43-year-old woman with Takayasu arteritis and stenosis of the left common iliac artery and occlusion of the left external iliac artery with limiting vascular claudication, who underwent angioplasty of the iliac artery with drug-eluting stent while being treated with infliximab. The artery ruptured a week later but was contained by the ilio-psoas muscle. She required subsequent stent placement to correct the lesion. Treatment comprised aspirin and clopidogrel, and the biological was switched to monthly intravenous tocilizumab. During an 8-year follow-up, serial imaging examinations showed a patent aorto-biiliac endoprosthesis, without evidence of thrombosis or restenosis. Clinically, the patient denies vascular claudication and pulses remain palpable in the left lower limb. This case highlights the risks inherent to these procedures in patients with large artery vasculitis and reinforces that the effectiveness of endovascular intervention can be increased by detailed preoperative evaluation, associated with a drug strategy including immunomodulatory and antiplatelet therapy as directed by the multispecialty team. Periodic imaging examinations are required because of the reported high rate of restenosis.

[Takayasu arteritis. Therapeutic alternatives and long term outcomes]. / Arteritis de Takayasu. Alternativas terapéuticas y pronóstico a largo plazo.

The aim of this study was to describe the long term prognosis of 34 patients with Takayasu arteritis and the results of surgical and endovascular treatment. A total of 5 central surgeries and 53 endovascular procedures were performed including 18 bypass surgeries (33.8%) and 35 angioplasties (66.2%). The median follow-up was 7.5 years, interquartile range [IQR] 2.6-12.5. Among the 18 bypass surgeries 6 (33.3%) had events, while in the 35 patients with endovascular treatment there were 16 events (45.7%). The overall 1-, 3-, 5-, and 10-year death and arterial complication-free survival rates were 80% (95% CI between 74 and 89%), 68% (95% CI between 58 and 79%), 65% (95% CI between 54 and 76%) and 47% (95% CI between 41 and 62%). Both revascularization techniques were initially successful. In long term follow-up there was a high restenosis recurrence rate with endovascular treatment requiring repeated revascularization to the same vessel in 41% of the cases. Surgery had higher mortality in patients with aortic and ascending aortic valve disease, combined coronary artery disease and carotid disease. In long term follow up Takayasu arteritis frequently requires revascularization and restenosis or new lesions are common. Surgical treatment had better results with less restenosis than angioplasty.

Se analizaron los resultados del tratamiento quirúrgico y endovascular a 7.5 años, rango intercuartilo (RIC) entre 2.6 y 12.5 años de seguimiento en 34 pacientes con arteritis de Takayasu. Se realizaron en total 5 cirugías cardíacas centrales y 53 procedimientos vasculares,18 cirugías de bypass (33.9%) y 35 angioplastías (66.1%). Entre los 18 procedimientos quirúrgicos realizados, 6 (33.3%) presentaron eventos, mientras que en los 35 con intervención percutánea hubo 16 eventos (45.7%). La supervivencia actuarial y otras complicaciones vasculares (método de Kaplan y Meier) a 1,3,5 y 10 años fue: 80% (IC 95% entre 74 y 89%), 68% (IC 95% entre 58 y 79%), 65% (IC 95% entre 54 y 76%) y 47% (IC 95% entre 41 y 62%).Tanto la revascularización endovascular como la quirúrgica fueron inicialmente exitosas. En el seguimiento del tratamiento endovascular hubo una alta tasa de eventos con necesidad de revascularización repetida a un mismo vaso en el 41% de los casos. La cirugía tuvo mayor mortalidad en pacientes con valvulopatía aórtica, de aorta ascendente y enfermedad coronaria y carotidea combinada. La arteritis de Takayasu requiere frecuentemente revascularización debido a reestenosis y lesiones de novo. En su evolución alejada, el procedimiento quirúrgico ofreció mejores resultados con menor reestenosis.

Annuloaortic Ectasia and Arteritis: Clinical Features, Treatments of Choice, and Causative Relations.

The roles that aortitis plays in the development of annuloaortic ectasia (AAE) remain uncertain, while clinical features of AAE in arteritis are largely unknown. This study was designed to highlight the clinical features of AAE, the treatments of choice, and the causative relations between aortitis and AAE. The morphology of the aortic valve leaflets was normal in half of the patients, while the valves were thin and overstretched in the other half. Most patients had an aortic aneurysm. Half of the patients had severe aortic valve insufficiency, and one-quarter of them had dilation of the sinuses of Valsalva. Takayasu arteritis was prone to develop coronary artery lesions, whereas giant cell arteritis were not. Aortic branch lesions in Takayasu arteritis were stenotic or occlusive in 92.9% of the patients, while in giant cell arteritis, they were all dilated lesions. Most patients (94.7%) required surgical treatment with steroid therapy. However, long-term follow-up results showed a higher anastomotic dehiscence rate, particularly in patients with Takayasu arteritis. Further morphometric and pathological research on AAE in arteritis should be undertaken, and more feasible measures should be warranted for preventing postoperative anastomotic dehiscence.

Annuloaortic ectasia and arteritis: clinical features, treatments of choice, and causative relations

Abstract The roles that aortitis plays in the development of annuloaortic ectasia (AAE) remain uncertain, while clinical features of AAE in arteritis are largely unknown. This study was designed to highlight the clinical features of AAE, the treatments of choice, and the causative relations between aortitis and AAE. The morphology of the aortic valve leaflets was normal in half of the patients, while the valves were thin and overstretched in the other half. Most patients had an aortic aneurysm. Half of the patients had severe aortic valve insufficiency, and one-quarter of them had dilation of the sinuses of Valsalva. Takayasu arteritis was prone to develop coronary artery lesions, whereas giant cell arteritis were not. Aortic branch lesions in Takayasu arteritis were stenotic or occlusive in 92.9% of the patients, while in giant cell arteritis, they were all dilated lesions. Most patients (94.7%) required surgical treatment with steroid therapy. However, long-term follow-up results showed a higher anastomotic dehiscence rate, particularly in patients with Takayasu arteritis. Further morphometric and pathological research on AAE in arteritis should be undertaken, and more feasible measures should be warranted for preventing postoperative anastomotic dehiscence.

Takayasu arteritis with multiple coronary involvement and early graft relapse.

Coronary artery disease (CAD) due to Takayasu arteritis (TA) is rare. This article reports a case of severe involvement of multiple coronary arteries in a young woman. She was treated with coronary artery bypass grafting and had an early venous graft stenosis despite immunosuppressants. She became asymptomatic one year after a drug-eluting stent placement. This report shows the complexity of the diagnostic and therapeutic approach to TA with complex CAD.

Taquicardia persistente en mujer joven deportista / A young woman with persistent tachycardia

Resumen: Una mujer joven, deportista, evoluciona con compromiso del estado general y síntomas constitucionales, asociado a taquicardia persistente y baja de peso de casi un año de evolución, con laboratorio, electrocardiograma y ecocardiograma inicialmente anodinos.

Abstracts: An athletic young woman presented with almost one year of general symptoms, weight loss, and persistent tachycardia. The initial laboratory, electrocardiogram and echocardiogram findings were unremarkable.

Vascular surgery: the main risk factor for mortality in 146 Takayasu arteritis patients.

Takayasu arteritis (TA) is an idiopathic chronic inflammatory disease that affects the aorta and its main branches. According to disease involvement, patients may require surgical treatment mainly due ischemic lesions in association with medical therapy. We evaluated the impact of vascular interventions in a cohort of TA patients. Medical records from 146 TA patients were reviewed. Clinical features, medical, and surgical treatment were revised and disease activity was determined by clinical, laboratorial, and imaging parameters. Clinical parameters associated with mortality alongside vascular procedures were evaluated and their impact on mortality in our cohort was estimated. Ninety-four vascular interventions were performed in 61 patients (41.8%). A third of them were of endovascular procedures. The overall mortality was 4.1%, all due to early postoperative complications, which resulted in a rate of surgery-related mortality of 9.8%. All deaths occurred in patients with active disease. Clinical parameters known to be associated with mortality (aneurysm, secondary hypertension, aortic insufficiency, and cerebrovascular accident) were not found related with death. Patients whose disease began before age 20 years had an OR 3.54 of undergoing a vascular surgical intervention. The observed impact of vascular procedures on mortality in patients with Takayasu arteritis, especially during disease activity, supports the notion that such interventions should be performed with caution and preferably during periods of remission.

Tratamiento endovascular en arteritis de Takayasu: Presentación de un caso clínico / Endovascular intervention in Takayasu Arteritis: Case report

Una paciente de cuatro años concurrió a la Guardia por edemas e hipertensión arterial. Al momento del examen físico, se detectó disminución del pulso en el brazo izquierdo y ausente en los miembros inferiores, con diferencia de tensión arterial mayor de 10 mmHg entre los miembros superiores. Se realizó un ecocardiograma, en el que se observó coartación grave de la aorta a nivel abdominal y disfunción ventricular. Con la sospecha de arteritis de Takayasu, se completaron estudios con angiotomografía cardíaca, que confirmó una desconexión de la arteria subclavia izquierda y estrechez grave en la aorta abdominal. El diagnóstico definitivo fue de arteritis de Takayasu. Se realizó una angioplastía con estent por Hemodinamia en la aorta abdominal, con buenos resultados posteriores. Mejoraron los pulsos de los miembros inferiores, y se obtuvieron valores normales de la tensión arterial. En el ecocardiograma, mejoró la función ventricular, y el gradiente en la zona de coartación se redujo significativamente.

A four year old patient with no medical history was admitted to our hospital's Emergency Department, suffering from edema and hypertension. During physical examination a low pulse was detected in the left arm and a lack of pulses in lower limbs, with a blood pressure difference greater than 10 mm Hg between both arms. An echocardiogram demonstrated severe aortic abdominal coarctation and ventricular dysfunction. Takayasu arteritis was diagnosed and cardiac angiography was performed. Disconnection of left subclavian artery and severe tightness at the abdominal aorta were confirmed. The definitive diagnosis was Takayasu arteritis. Angioplasty with stent was performed in abdominal aorta, with good subsequent results. The pulses improved in the lower limbs, and normal blood pressure values without gradient between all members were registered. The echocardiogram improved ventricular function and the gradient in the coarctation area was significantly reduced.

[Endovascular intervention in Takayasu Arteritis. Case report]. / Tratamiento endovascular en arteritis de Takayasu. Presentación de un caso clínico.

A four year old patient with no medical history was admitted to our hospital's Emergency Department, suffering from edema and hypertension. During physical examination a low pulse was detected in the left arm and a lack of pulses in lower limbs, with a blood pressure difference greater than 10 mm Hg between both arms. An echocardiogram demonstrated severe aortic abdominal coarctation and ventricular dysfunction. Takayasu arteritis was diagnosed and cardiac angiography was performed. Disconnection of left subclavian artery and severe tightness at the abdominal aorta were confirmed. The definitive diagnosis was Takayasu arteritis. Angioplasty with stent was performed in abdominal aorta, with good subsequent results. The pulses improved in the lower limbs, and normal blood pressure values without gradient between all members were registered. The echocardiogram improved ventricular function and the gradient in the coarctation area was significantly reduced.

Una paciente de cuatro años concurrió a la Guardia por edemas e hipertensión arterial. Al momento del examen físico, se detectó disminución del pulso en el brazo izquierdo y ausente en los miembros inferiores, con diferencia de tensión arterial mayor de 10 mmHg entre los miembros superiores. Se realizó un ecocardiograma, en el que se observó coartación grave de la aorta a nivel abdominal y disfunción ventricular. Con la sospecha de arteritis de Takayasu, se completaron estudios con angiotomografía cardíaca, que confirmó una desconexión de la arteria subclavia izquierda y estrechez grave en la aorta abdominal. El diagnóstico definitivo fue de arteritis de Takayasu. Se realizó una angioplastía con estent por Hemodinamia en la aorta abdominal, con buenos resultados posteriores. Mejoraron los pulsos de los miembros inferiores, y se obtuvieron valores normales de la tensión arterial. En el ecocardiograma, mejoró la función ventricular, y el gradiente en la zona de coartación se redujo significativamente.

Arteritis de Takayasu en lactante: caso clínico / Takayasu arteritis in childhood: a clinical case

Background: Takayasu arteritis (TA) is a large vessel systemic vasculitis, affecting the aorta and its main branches, leading to stenosis, thrombosis, and aneurysm formation. Incidence of 2.6 cases per million per year has been reported. TA is rare condition in children. Steroids are the main therapy for active disease, however, additional immunosuppressive agents are required in 50 percent of the patients. Objective: To report a case of TA in a young infant, presenting with intestinal necrosis. Case Report: 12 month-old male diagnosed with TA at 6 month-old, treated with second line immunosupressors. He presented with 3 days of abdominal pain, images showed aneurysm and thrombosis of the superior mesenteric artery. Small bowel ischemia was confirmed. The patient underwent multiple surgical interventions with bowel resection, leaving 30 cm of jejunum and 10 cm of terminal ileum. Anticoagulant therapy was started immediately. Intestinal continuity was restored 6 weeks later, patients was discharge home 3 months after surgery in full enteral intake, anticoagulant therapy, and maintains immunosupressor therapy. Discussion: TA in young infants is uncommon, and they can present atypical clinical manifestations. These patients are a real challenge, requiring multidisciplinary care to avoid further morbidities related to the vasculitis.

Introducción: La Arteritis de Takayasu (AT) es una vasculitis de grandes vasos, que afecta a la aorta y sus ramas principales, llevando a estenosis, trombosis, y formación de aneurismas. Se ha reportado una incidencia de 2.6 casos por millón por año, siendo de baja incidencia en niños. La terapia de elección son los corticoides, seguidos de inmunosupresores en casos resistentes. Objetivo: Reportar el caso de un lactante con AT severa, que cursó con necrosis intestinal. Caso clínico: Varón, 12 meses de edad, diagnóstico de AT a los 6 meses, en tratamiento de segunda línea con inmunosupresores. Presentó cuadro de 3 días de evolución de dolor abdominal, imágenes mostraron trombosis de arteria mesénterica superior aneurismática, desarrollando isquemia intestinal. Fue sometido a múltiples intervenciones quirúrgicas con resección intestinal, con 30 cm de yeyuno y 10 cm de ileon terminal remanente. Inició precozmente tratamiento anticoagulante. La reconstitución de tránsito intestinal fue 6 semanas más tarde, paciente fue dado de alta 3 meses después alimentándose completamente por vía enteral, con tratamiento anticoagulante e inmunosupresor ambulatorio. Conclusión: LaAT en lactantes es rara, y las manifestaciones clínicas pueden ser atípicas. Estos pacientes son un desafío para los equipos médicos, y requirien un manejo multidisciplinario para evitar complicaciones mayores.

Arteritis de Takayasu: informe de un caso con compromiso supraaórtico y tratamiento quirúrgico / Takayasu's arteritis: report of a case with supraaortic compromise and surgical treatment

La arteritis de Takayasu es una vasculitis inflamatoria crónica de grandes vasos. Fue descrita por primera vez por el oftalmólogo japonés Nikito Takayasu, en el año 1908. Presentamos un caso de arteritis de Takayasu, diagnosticada clínicamente de acuerdo a los criterios del American College of Rheumatology de 1990. Se trata de una paciente de 23 años que ingresa al Hospital Regional de Talca por un accidente vascular encefálico hemisférico y sintomatología de robo subclavio. Se realiza un angio TAC que muestra compromiso severo (oclusión total) del tercio medio y distal del tronco braquiocefálico, carótida común derecha e inicio de la subclavia derecha. Además, este examen demuestra un flujo retrógrado en la arteria vertebral derecha, compatible con el síndrome de robo subclavio. Se decide corregir la oclusión subclavia mediante angioplastía, sin éxito tanto en el abordaje anterogrado como retrógrado. Finalmente se opta por un bypass protésico (politetrafluoroetileno expandido) desde la carótida común izquierda a la subclavia derecha a través de un túnel subcutáneo en la cara anterior del cuello.

Takayasu's arteritis is a chronic inflammatory vasculitis of large vessels. It was first identified by Japanese ophthalmologist Nikito Takayasu, in 1908. A case of Takayasu's arteritis is presented, clinically diagnosed according to the criteria of the American College of Rheumatology of 1990. This is a 23 year oíd patient, entering Talca's Regional Hospital for a stroke, also presenting symptoms of subclavian steal. An angio CT was made, showing severe commitment (total occlusion) in the middle and distal third of the brachiocephalic trunk, right common carotid and the beginning of right subclavian artery. In addition, this test shows retrograde flow on the right vertebral artery, compatible with the subclavian steal syndrome. It was decided to correct the subclavian occiusion through angioplasty, without success, in both the anterograde and retrograde approach; finally opting for a prosthetic bypass (expanded polytetrafluoroethylene) from left common carotid to right subclavian artery through a tunnel of the subcutaneous front of the neck.

Arterite de Takayasu: aspectos clínicos e terapêuticos em 36 pacientes / Takayasu's arteritis: clinical and therapeutic aspects in 36 patients

CONTEXTO: A arterite de Takayasu é uma vasculite crônica, geralmente com diagnóstico tardio devido à pouca especificidade dos sintomas durante a fase inicial do acometimento vascular. A terapêutica de eleição é o uso de imunossupressores. O procedimento cirúrgico, quando necessário, é sempre evitado na fase aguda. OBJETIVO: Descrever alterações clínicas, laboratoriais e vasculares de arterite de Takayasu no período de 1977 a 2006. MÉTODO: A amostra compreendeu 36 pacientes - 10 brancos, 35 mulheres, idade média de 31,7 anos (±13,7), com prevalência significante na quarta década (p < 0,005). Evolução de 3 anos e período até o diagnóstico de 7,9 anos. Velocidade de hemossedimentação (VHS) e proteína C reativa (PCR) avaliaram atividade da doença, e o duplex scan aferiu a espessura médio- intimal da artéria carótida. RESULTADOS: Hipertensão arterial sistêmica e claudicação de membros superiores e inferiores foram ressaltados em 85,2, 69,5 e 30,5 por cento, respectivamente. O resultado da VHS foi > 60 mm em 50 por cento da amostra (p < 0,005). PCR mg/dL foi realizado em 18, variando de 0,4-25 na admissão para 0,11-1,9 na evolução. Doença auto-imune, tuberculose e HIV correlacionaram-se em 19,4, 8,3 e 2,7 por cento, respectivamente. Lesões aórticas foram significativas em 22 por cento (quatro oclusões, dois aneurismas infra-renais, um torácico). Em 19,4 por cento, foram acometidas artérias renais e subclávias uma oclusão bilateral de carótidas, e em 25 por cento os membros inferiores. A espessura médio-intimal da carótida comum foi estratificada em: > 3 mm, < 3 e > 1,7, < 1,7 e > 1,2 e < 1,2 mm, representando 41,6, 19,4, 8,37 e 30,50 por cento, respectivamente (p < 0,005). Glicocorticóides foram utilizados em 61,1 por cento, azatioprina em 16.6 por cento, e associada a ciclofosfamida em 8,3 por cento. Procedimento cirúrgico ou endovascular foi realizado em 30,5 por cento com dois óbitos por complicações cardiovasculares. CONCLUSÕES: A VHS,...

BACKGROUND: Takayasu arteritis is a chronic vasculitis often with delayed diagnosis due to the nonspecific presentation of clinical symptoms in its initial phase. Treatment includes imunosuppression drugs. Surgical treatment, when necessary, should be avoided in the acute phase. OBJECTIVE: To describe clinical, laboratory and vascular findings in Takayasu's arteritis from 1977 through 2006. METHODS: The sample was comprised of 36 patients (10 Caucasians, 35 women), mean age of 31.7 (±13.7) years, and significant prevalence in the forth decade (p < 0.005). Disease course was 3 years and time until diagnosis was 7.9 years. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were used to assess disease activity, and duplex scan to measure carotid artery intima-media wall thickness. RESULTS: Hypertension was present in 85.2 percent, and upper and lower limb claudication in 69.5 and 30.5 percent, respectively. ESR was > 60 mm in 50 percent of the sample (p < 0.005). PCR mg/dL was performed in 18 cases, ranging from 0.4-25 on admission to 0.11-1.9 during disease course. Autoimmune diseases, tuberculosis and HIV correlated in 19.4, 8.3 and 2.7 percent, respectively. Major aortic lesions were detected in 22.2 percent (four occlusions, two infrarenal aneurysms, one thoracic aneurysm). Other arteries involved renal, subclavian and one carotid occlusion (19 percent), and some level of lower limb occlusion (25 percent). Intima-media thickness was stratified in > 3 mm (41.6 percent), < 3 and > 1.7 (19.4 percent), < 1.7 and > 1.2 (8.37 percent), and < 1.2 mm (30.50 percent) (p < 0.005). Glucocorticoids were used in 61 percent, azathioprine in 16.6 percent, and azathioprine combined with cyclophosphamide in 8.3 percent. Surgical and endovascular procedures were performed in 30.5 percent. Two patients died due to cardiovascular diseases. CONCLUSIONS: Carotid intima-media thickness, PCR, and ESR are important markers for the follow-up of...

Manifestaciones otorrinolaringológicas en la enfermedad de Takayasu / Otolaryngologic manifestations in Takaysasu´s disease

Takayasu arteritis is a chronic idiopathic granulomatous vasculitis, which affects the aorta and its major branches, causing narrowing of the vascular lumen, which explains his particular symptoms. In children, its main manifestations are hypertension, cardiomegaly, increasing of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, among others. We present a case of a girl aged 16, who has a long history of ozena. At physical examination there are nasal scabs and cacosmia. In the laboratory study highlights high levels of C Reactive Protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. The study through angio-Tac, shows a significant narrowing of supraaortic vascular structures.

[Surgical treatment without extracorporeal circulation of artery disease related to Takayasu's arteritis involving the aorta and great vessels]. / Tratamento cirúrgico sem circulação extracorpórea de arteriopatia relacionada com arterite de Takayasu envolvendo aorta e vasos da base.

We report the cases of 2 female patients with Takayasu's arteritis referred to our service with lesions affecting the descending thoracic aorta and great vessels. One of the patients had a critical obstructive lesion in the left coronary ostium. Both patients underwent surgery without extracorporeal circulation, with full heparinization and autotransfusion.

[Crohn's disease associated with Takayasu's arteritis]. / Enfermedad de Crohn asociada a arteritis de Takayasu.

A 26-year-old woman with Crohn's disease presented with increase of her abdominal pain, abdominal fremitus and decrease in peripheral pulses. The CT scan and the angiography revealed occlusive stenosis of several arteries: left subclavian, celiac, renal, superior mesenteric and abdominal aorta. This findings were consistent with Takayasu's arteritis. The patient underwent surgical revascularization to bypass the occlusive lesions in celiac and superior mesenteric arteries, and the stenosis in abdominal aorta. Subsequent controls showed that she remains free of cardiovascular symptoms three years after surgery but presents progression of her inflammatory bowel disease.

Enfermedad de Crohn asociada a arteritis de Takayasu / Crohns disease associated with Takayasus arteritis

A 26-year-old woman with Crohns disease presented with increase of her abdominal pain, abdominal fremitus and decrease in peripheral pulses. The CT scan and the angiography revealed occlusive stenosis of several arteries: left subclavian, celiac, renal, superior mesenteric and abdominal aorta. This findings were consistent with Takayasus arteritis. The patient underwent surgical revascularization to bypass the occlusive lesions in celiac and superior mesenteric arteries, and the stenosis in abdominal aorta. Subsequent controls showed that she remains free of cardiovascular symptoms three years after surgery but presents progression of her inflammatory bowel disease.(AU)

Enfermedad de Crohn asociada a arteritis de Takayasu / Crohn's disease associated with Takayasu's arteritis

Paciente de sexo femenino, de 26 años de edad, portadora de enfermedad de Crohn (EC) se presenta con aumento de su dolor abdominal, frémito abdominal y disminución de los pulsos periféricos. La tomografía computada y la arteriografía revelaron estenosis oclusivas que incluían las arterias subclavia izquierda, celíaca, renal y mesentérica superior, así como también aorta abdominal. Estos hallazgos son consistentes con arteritis de Takayasu. La paciente fue revascularizada para sortear las lesiones oclusivas de las arterias celíaca y mesentérica superior y las estenóticas de la aorta abdominal. Controles posteriores demuestran que la paciente permanece asintomática desde el punto de vista cardiovascular a los 3 años de la cirugía, habiendo presentado un empuje de su enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal.

A 26-year-old woman with Crohn's disease presented with increase of her abdominal pain, abdominal fremitus and decrease in peripheral pulses. The CT scan and the angiography revealed occlusive stenosis of several arteries: left subclavian, celiac, renal, superior mesenteric and abdominal aorta. This findings were consistent with Takayasu's arteritis. The patient underwent surgical revascularization to bypass the occlusive lesions in celiac and superior mesenteric arteries, and the stenosis in abdominal aorta. Subsequent controls showed that she remains free of cardiovascular symptoms three years after surgery but presents progression of her inflammatory bowel disease.

Imaging diagnosis of subclavian steal syndrome secondary to Takayasu arteritis affecting a left-side subclavian artery.

Takayasu arteritis (TA) is a rare form of large-vessel, chronic, occlusive vasculitis. It involves mainly aorta and its main branches, causing stenosis and/or obstruction. Its frequency has been estimated at 2.9 cases per 1 million people. Epidemiologically, it is found principally in young female patients and is more prevalent in Asia and Latin America. When there is severe stenosis or occlusion in subclavian artery, the phenomenon of subclavian steal syndrome (SSS) occurs, which usually causes symptoms of the vertebrobasilar territory because blood supply to the arm is sustained by reversal of flow in ipsilateral vertebral artery. We describe a case of SSS thought to be due to TA in a Mexican woman. Doppler ultrasound of neck vessels showed retrograde flow in left vertebral artery during systole. Digital subtraction angiography confirmed 30% stenosis of left subclavian artery with filling of left vertebral artery in retrograde direction. In presenting this case, we carried out a brief review of TA, main features in imaging diagnosis of SSS, and the infrequently reported association of TA with SSS.

Enfermedad de Takayasu y embarazo / Takayasu's disease and pregnancy

Vasculitis conocida como la enfermedad sin pulso (abolición de pulsos radiales), así como aortoarteritis inespecífica. Enfermedad rara cuya incidencia es de 2,6 casos/millón/año. Afecta predominante a mujeres (7:1), entre la segunda y tercera década de vida (promedio 25 años). Principalmente se observa en población asiática (1,2,3). De etiología desconocida,de probable origen autoinmune, produce un lento daño arterial con característica de panarteritis (4). Evoluciona en dos etapas, una de tipo inflamatoria, de difícil diagnóstico por síntomas inespecíficos, seguida de una fase crónica (inactiva) (tabla I). La mortalidad documentada es baja, existe una importante morbilidad asociada a la mayoría de los pacientes (1-4). Compromete principalmente a la aorta (58 por ciento su porción descendente 30 por ciento la ascendente y 20 por ciento la abdominal). Además, puede afectar bilateralmente las arterias renales (70 por ciento), subclavias (80 por ciento) y carótidas (44 por ciento). Se clasifica según su ubicación en 4 grupos (Tabla II). Puede asociarse a embarazo. Las publicaciones parecen coincidir en que el embarazo de por sí no afectaría la evolución de la enfermedad y el buen pronóstico materno-fetal (2,3). El diagnóstico, a veces difícil, se basa en la clínica, complementado con eco doppler, arteriografía y resonancia nuclear magnética (de elección en el embarazo) (4). El tratamiento se basa en el uso de corticoides, asociados o no a citostáticos, principalmente metotrexate. Sin embargo, la cirugía sigue jugando un importante rol a largo plazo (1-3,5)