Consideraciones anestésicas para cesárea electiva en una paciente con quiste de Tarlov gigante / Anaesthetic considerations for elective cesarean section in a patient with a giant Tarlov cyst

Los quistes de Tarlov son una dilatación patológica de las meninges. Su incidencia es más frecuente en mujeres de edades comprendidas entre 30 y 50 años. La prueba de imagen de elección para su diagnóstico es la RM. De etiología desconocida, la mayoría de los casos son asintomáticos, pero pueden manifestarse síntomas de irritación radicular, entre otros. Las posibilidades terapéuticas son múltiples, reservando la escisión quirúrgica como último escalón. Presentamos un caso en el que se realiza con éxito una anestesia raquídea para una cesárea electiva en una paciente con un quiste de Tarlov gigante, pero con potencial compromiso de la vía aérea, en la que la que los riesgos de una anestesia general podrían estar aumentados. El manejo anestésico presenta un desafío para el anestesiólogo, especialmente en situaciones en las que el paciente presente un riesgo anestésico aumentado para la anestesia general, como es el caso de la paciente obstétrica.(AU)

Tarlov cysts are a pathological dilatation of the meninges. Their incidence is more frequent in women between 30 and 50 years of age. The imaging test of choice for diagnosis is MRI. Of unknown etiology, most cases are asymptomatic, but symptoms of radicular irritation, among others, may occur. The therapeutic possibilities are multiple, reserving surgical excision as the last option. We report a case of successful spinal anaesthesia for elective cesarean section in a patient with a giant Tarlov cyst but with potential airway compromise, in whom the risks of general anaesthesia would be increased. Anaesthetic management presents a challenge for the anesthesiologist, especially in situations where the patient presents an increased anaesthetic risk for general anaesthesia, as is the case in the obstetric patient.(AU)

Symptomatic perineural cyst after spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage: A case report.

RATIONALE: Tarlov or perineurial cysts are nerve root lesions often found in the sacral region. Most perineural cysts (PCs) remain asymptomatic throughout a patient's life. While their pathogenesis is still unclear, trauma resulting in hemorrhaging into subarachnoid space has been put forward as a possible cause of these cysts. Recently, we worked with a patient experiencing symptomatic PCs after spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 45-year-old man had a coil embolization procedure performed after being diagnosed with a subarachnoid hemorrhage from a ruptured anterior communicating artery. His symptoms were relieved after the procedure, but 7 days later he reported worsening pain in the left perineal area. The pain was intermittent at its onset and exacerbated by sitting, walking, and coughing. DIAGNOSES: Two weeks after the embolization procedure, a lumbar spine MRI revealed 2 PCs at the S1 and S2 level affecting the left S2 root with high signal intensity in T2 and T1 images, suggestive of bleeding within the cyst. INTERVENTIONS: We operated using a posterior approach. Cyst fenestration was done after S1 laminectomy. We aspirated approximately 1 cc of old blood. OUTCOMES: His pain was relieved immediately after cyst removal and no neurologic deterioration occurred during the postoperative period. LESSONS: Subarachnoid hemorrhage can be the source of the development of pain from asymptomatic PCs, making them symptomatic. Surgical extirpation is 1 treatment option for these symptomatic PCs.

Symptomatic calcified perineural cyst after use of bone morphogenetic protein in transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion: a case report.

BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Human recombinant bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) is commonly used in spinal surgery to augment arthrodesis, and a number of potential complications have been documented. PURPOSE: To present the case of a delayed radiculopathy that occurred because of a calcified perineural cyst that formed after an L4-L5 transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) in which BMP-2 was used. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: Case report of a 70-year-old man presented with back and right lower extremity pain. METHODS: A 70-year-old man who had previously undergone a right L4-L5 TLIF presented 20 months after surgery with progressively radiating right leg pain. Imaging revealed a right-sided L4-L5 cystic lesion posterior to the interbody cage. The patient underwent reexploration, and a calcified mass was discovered. RESULTS: Histopathology revealed fragments of organized collagenous connective tissue, new collagen, and partially calcified fragments of fibrocartilage, bone, and ligament. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first reported case of a symptomatic calcified perineural cyst developing after a fusion procedure in which BMP-2 was used. The presence of connective tissue with metaplastic bone formation and maturation within the lesion suggests that formation of the cyst was secondary to application of BMP-2, as it possesses both osteogenic and chondrogenic capabilities.

Intrasacral meningocele in the pediatric population.

OBJECT: Intrasacral meningoceles are rare cystic lesions that can cause focal compression within the bony sacral canal. Their mechanisms are poorly understood, but most intrasacral meningoceles appear to be intrasacral extradural cysts caused by arachnoid herniating through a small dural defect in the caudal end of the thecal sac. As opposed to perineural cysts, they are not associated with an exiting nerve root. When symptomatic, they can cause sacral pain or sacral nerve root dysfunction due to local compression. METHODS: This is a retrospective series from Boston Children's Hospital. All patients in whom symptomatic intrasacral meningocele that required surgical treatment was diagnosed between May 1994 and March 2011 were included in the study. Spine MRI was the diagnostic modality of choice. All patients underwent sacral exploration, with ligation and obliteration of the cyst. Resected cyst wall was subjected to pathological examination. RESULTS: There were 13 patients (11 boys and 2 girls) who underwent operation for intrasacral meningocele. The median age was 8 years (range 5 months-16 years). The most common presenting symptom was back pain (in 5) often described as deep tail bone pain, followed by urinary incontinence (3) and constipation (2). Three patients had evidence of associated tethered cord on MRI studies. Four patients were asymptomatic and their diagnosis was made following imaging for other reasons; they were surgically treated because of the increasing size of the lesion or association with other congenital lesions. Most patients had symptomatic improvement after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Intrasacral meningoceles are rare lesions that may result from a congenital dural weakness and a resultant arachnoid diverticulum. They present in childhood either incidentally or with symptoms secondary to nerve root compression. Identification of the point of herniation through the dura mater and ligation of the lesion provides cyst cure and resolution of symptoms in most patients.

Diagnosis and management of sacral Tarlov cysts. Case report and review of the literature.

Perineurial (Tarlov) cysts are meningeal dilations of the posterior spinal nerve root sheath that most often affect sacral roots and can cause a progressive painful radiculopathy. Tarlov cysts are most commonly diagnosed by lumbosacral magnetic resonance imaging and can often be demonstrated by computerized tomography myelography to communicate with the spinal subarachnoid space. The cyst can enlarge via a net inflow of cerebrospinal fluid, eventually causing symptoms by distorting, compressing, or stretching adjacent nerve roots. It is generally agreed that asymptomatic Tarlov cysts do not require treatment. When symptomatic, the potential surgery-related benefit and the specific surgical intervention remain controversial. The authors describe the clinical presentation, treatment, and results of surgical cyst fenestration, partial cyst wall resection, and myofascial flap repair and closure in a case of a symptomatic sacral Tarlov cyst. They review the medical literature, describe various theories on the origin and pathogenesis of Tarlov cysts, and assess alternative treatment strategies.