Use of tele-nursing in primary care: A qualitative study on its negative and positive aspects / Uso de teleenfermería en atención primaria: estudio cualitativo sobre sus aspectos negativos y positivos

Objective To analyze the opinions of nursing professionals on the current limitations and future potential of digital tools in healthcare. Design Qualitative and descriptive study. Location The study took place during an asynchronous MOODLE course on the use of ICT in healthcare, specifically aimed at nursing professionals. Participants The number of nurses enrolled in the course was 150. Methods A qualitative study was conducted focusing on the positive and negative aspects that telenursing can offer in the context of a Moodle training in new technologies for nurses. A thematic analysis was carried out following the method proposed by Braun and Clarke. Results In the end 68 nurses participated in the forum. Their statements, opinions and perceptions were analyzed and 28 descriptive codes were obtained and subsequently categorized into positive and negative aspects. Conclusions Nurses positively value the usefulness of digital tools and identify a wide range of benefits of telenursing in daily practice. At the same time, they point out crucial limitations that may slow down the adoption of telenursing, pointing to areas for improvement such as training and digital literacy of both patients and professionals. They consider that telenursing can humanise care, but insist on the need to prevent its use from increasing health inequalities. (AU)

Objetivo Analizar las opiniones de los profesionales de enfermería sobre las limitaciones actuales y el potencial futuro de las herramientas digitales en la atención sanitaria. Diseño Estudio cualitativo y descriptivo. Lugar El estudio se desarrolló durante un curso MOODLE asíncrono sobre el uso de las TIC en la atención sanitaria, dirigido específicamente a profesionales de enfermería. Participantes El número de enfermeras inscritas en el curso fue de 150. MétodosSe realizó un estudio cualitativo centrado en los aspectos positivos y negativos que puede ofrecer la teleenfermería en el contexto de una formación Moodle en nuevas tecnologías para enfermeras. Se realizó un análisis temático siguiendo el método propuesto por Braun y Clarke. Resultados Finalmente participaron en el foro 68 enfermeras. Se analizaron las declaraciones, las opiniones y las percepciones de las mismas, obteniéndose 28 códigos descriptivos que posteriormente se categorizaron en aspectos positivos y negativos. Conclusiones Las enfermeras valoran positivamente la utilidad de las herramientas digitales e identifican una amplia gama de beneficios de la teleenfermería en la práctica diaria. Al mismo tiempo, señalan limitaciones cruciales que pueden ralentizar la adopción de la teleenfermería, señalando áreas de mejora como la formación y la alfabetización digital tanto de pacientes como de profesionales. Consideran que la teleenfermería puede humanizar la asistencia, pero insisten en la necesidad de evitar que su uso aumente las desigualdades en salud. (AU)

Impacts of an Acute Care Telenursing Program on Discharge, Patient Experience, and Nursing Experience: Retrospective Cohort Comparison Study.

BACKGROUND: Despite widespread growth of televisits and telemedicine, it is unclear how telenursing could be applied to augment nurse labor and support nursing. OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated a large-scale acute care telenurse (ACTN) program to support web-based admission and discharge processes for hospitalized patients. METHODS: A retrospective, observational cohort comparison was performed in a large academic hospital system (approximately 2100 beds) in Houston, Texas, comparing patients in our pilot units for the ACTN program (telenursing cohort) between June 15, 2022, and December 31, 2022, with patients who did not participate (nontelenursing cohort) in the same units and timeframe. We used a case mix index analysis to confirm comparable patient cases between groups. The outcomes investigated were patient experience, measured using the Hospital Consumer Assessment of Health Care Providers and Systems (HCAHCPS) survey; nursing experience, measured by a web-based questionnaire with quantitative multiple-choice and qualitative open-ended questions; time of discharge during the day (from electronic health record data); and duration of discharge education processes. RESULTS: Case mix index analysis found no significant case differences between cohorts (P=.75). For the first 4 units that rolled out in phase 1, all units experienced improvement in at least 4 and up to 7 HCAHCPS domains. Scores for "communication with doctors" and "would recommend hospital" were improved significantly (P=.03 and P=.04, respectively) in 1 unit in phase 1. The impact of telenursing in phases 2 and 3 was mixed. However, "communication with doctors" was significantly improved in 2 units (P=.049 and P=.002), and the overall rating of the hospital and the "would recommend hospital" scores were significantly improved in 1 unit (P=.02 and P=04, respectively). Of 289 nurses who were invited to participate in the survey, 106 completed the nursing experience survey (response rate 106/289, 36.7%). Of the 106 nurses, 101 (95.3%) indicated that the ACTN program was very helpful or somewhat helpful to them as bedside nurses. The only noticeable difference between the telenursing and nontelenursing cohorts for the time of day discharge was a shift in the volume of patients discharged before 2 PM compared to those discharged after 2 PM at a hospital-wide level. The ACTN admissions averaged 12 minutes and 6 seconds (SD 7 min and 29 s), and the discharges averaged 14 minutes and 51 seconds (SD 8 min and 10 s). The average duration for ACTN calls was 13 minutes and 17 seconds (SD 7 min and 52 s). Traditional cohort standard practice (nontelenursing cohort) of a bedside nurse engaging in discharge and admission processes was 45 minutes, consistent with our preimplementation time study. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that ACTN programs are feasible and associated with improved outcomes for patient and nursing experience and reducing time allocated to admission and discharge education.

Mapping trends and hotspots regarding the use of telenursing for elderly individuals with chronic diseases: A bibliometric analysis.

BACKGROUND: Telenursing is receiving extensive attention from scholars and medical staff. However, there are few studies on the knowledge structure of telenursing for elderly individuals with chronic diseases. This study aims to demonstrate current research status and development trend of telenursing for elderly individuals with chronic diseases through a visual analysis of CiteSpace, so as to provide a more comprehensive perspective for future researches. METHODS: Literature about telenursing for elderly patients with chronic diseases from 2002 to 2022 was retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection using CiteSpace 6.1.R3. RESULTS: A total of 375 records were obtained. Annual publication and citation frequency gradually increased over the investigated period, reaching a peak in 2022. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare was the most prolific and the most cited journal. The United States was the most productive country, the University of Melbourne was the most productive institution, and the author CHEN C ranked the highest in the number of publications. The most popular keywords were "care," "telemedicine," "management," "older adult," "chronic disease," "health," and "heart failure," which had a high frequency and centrality. The keywords "telehealth," "randomized controlled trail," "chronic obstructive pulmonary disease," "implementation" and "time" showed the strongest citation burst. The keywords were clustered to form 10 labels. The article published in 2010 by Chaudhry SI was cited the most. The top 3 cited journals were all special journal of telemedicine. CONCLUSION: This study revealed current research status and development trend of telenursing for elderly individuals with chronic diseases. The bibliometric analysis of telenursing expands the knowledge field of telemedicine and provides new insights into the management of elderly patients with chronic diseases.

Interaction between telenurses and callers - A deductive analysis of content and timing in telephone nursing calls.

OBJECTIVES: To explore the content and timing of verbal interaction between telephone nurses and callers, and to suggest areas for improvement. METHODS: Transcribed telephone conversations (n = 30) to a national nurse-led advisory service were analyzed using deductive content analysis. Categorization of data was based on components of interaction in the Interaction Model of Client Heath Behavior (IMCHB): health information, affective support, decisional control, and professional-technical competencies. The content was described both quantitatively, based on word count, and qualitatively, using descriptions and exemplars. Transcripts were also coded according to five phases in the conversation process: opening, listening, analyzing, motivating, and ending. The distribution of interaction components among phases was explored. RESULTS: Interaction primarily focused on health information, particularly during the listening and analyzing phases. Telenurses based their advice on medical facts and guided callers through the conversation process. Callers' emotions and reflections on advice were rarely discussed. CONCLUSIONS: Health information dominate conversations. Interaction can be further developed, particularly with respect to acknowledging callers' emotional responses, their reactions to advice, and ensuring clarity in exchange of health information. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Findings offer valuable guidance for future development of interaction in telenursing.

Perceptions of pre-licensure nursing students toward telecare and telenursing.

Telehealth transforms the healthcare system and provides the population with equal access to healthcare services at distance. This study aimed to investigate nursing students' perceptions toward telenursing. Students' knowledge, attitudes, advantages, disadvantages, barriers, and factors that affect the intention toward telenursing implementation were addressed. This study was conducted using a descriptive design. The study participants were 313 undergraduate nursing students. Data were gathered through a web-based survey from June to August 2022 and analyzed using SPSS version 22. Fifty-four-point-six percent (54.6%) of the students were male and 45.4% were female. Around one-fourth were internship students. Most students had access to the internet 97.4%. The results revealed that nursing students have positive perceptions toward telenursing. Their overall competencies in terms of knowledge, proficiency, awareness, and familiarity were moderate. Students raised some disadvantages and difficulties regarding telenursing; meanwhile, more advantages and suggestions to overcome the disadvantages were reported. It is of utmost importance that nursing education integrates telenursing content and practice to prepare future nurses for the successful implementation of telenursing. More research is still needed to examine the impact of telenursing on nursing practice. Nursing administrators must develop appropriate and prompt interventions to respond to the dramatically changing healthcare environment.

Use of tele-nursing in primary care: A qualitative study on its negative and positive aspects.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the opinions of nursing professionals on the current limitations and future potential of digital tools in healthcare. DESIGN: Qualitative and descriptive study. LOCATION: The study took place during an asynchronous MOODLE course on the use of ICT in healthcare, specifically aimed at nursing professionals. PARTICIPANTS: The number of nurses enrolled in the course was 150. METHODS: A qualitative study was conducted focusing on the positive and negative aspects that telenursing can offer in the context of a Moodle training in new technologies for nurses. A thematic analysis was carried out following the method proposed by Braun and Clarke. RESULTS: In the end 68 nurses participated in the forum. Their statements, opinions and perceptions were analyzed and 28 descriptive codes were obtained and subsequently categorized into positive and negative aspects. CONCLUSIONS: Nurses positively value the usefulness of digital tools and identify a wide range of benefits of telenursing in daily practice. At the same time, they point out crucial limitations that may slow down the adoption of telenursing, pointing to areas for improvement such as training and digital literacy of both patients and professionals. They consider that telenursing can humanise care, but insist on the need to prevent its use from increasing health inequalities.

Utilizing Telenursing to Supplement Acute Care Nursing in an Era of Workforce Shortages: A Feasibility Pilot.

Hospitals are experiencing a nursing shortage crisis that is expected to worsen over the next decade. Acute care settings, which manage the care of very complex patients, need innovations that lessen nurses' workload burden while ensuring safe patient care and outcomes. Thus, a pilot study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of implementing a large-scale acute care telenurse program, where a hospital-employed telenurse would complete admission and discharge processes for hospitalized patients virtually. In 3 months, almost 9000 (67%) of patient admissions and discharges were conducted by an acute care telenurse, saving the bedside nurse an average of 45 minutes for each admission and discharge. Preliminary benefits to the program included more uninterrupted time with patients, more complete hospital admission and discharge documentation, and positive patient and nurse feedback about the program.

Family-centred empowerment using telenursing on pressure injury incidence in post-discharge stroke patients.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a family-centred empowerment intervention on the incidence, stage and status of pressure injury (PI) in patients diagnosed with stroke during the post-discharge period with a telenursing approach. METHOD: This randomised controlled clinical trial (RCT) was conducted with patients admitted to Ghaem Hospital in Mashhad and who were diagnosed with stroke. Patients were randomly assigned to one of two equal-sized groups: intervention and control. Family education and follow-up of the intervention group was performed using WhatsApp messenger for one month. Caregivers of patients in the control group received the routine training programme. The incidence, stage and status of PIs of both groups were measured at the beginning and at one month later using the Braden Scale, the EPUAP/NPUAP Classification System, and the Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing (PUSH). RESULTS: A total of 60 patients took part in the RCT (30 patients allocated to each group). The incidence of PI in the control group was significantly higher than in the intervention group (p<0.001). The results showed significantly lower stages of PI in the intervention group than in the control group (p<0.001 and p<0.05 for univariable and multivariable models, respectively). The results showed a significantly lower PUSH score in the intervention group than in the control group (p<0.001 and p<0.05 for univariable and multivariable models, respectively). CONCLUSION: The findings of this RCT show that the empowerment and training of caregivers of patients diagnosed with stroke after discharge using telenursing can reduce the incidence and severity of PIs and improve their status in these patients.

Telenursing and Remote Patient Monitoring in Cardiovascular Health.

Background: Since the decline in death rates from cardiovascular diseases has slowed down recently, promoting cardiovascular health in patients and the general public has become more important than ever, particularly for elder and rural patients. This study is a collaborative effort between a regional health network in Virginia and associated organizations to implement and assess telenursing and remote patient monitoring (RPM) to help home care patients better manage their own cardiovascular related diseases and promote sustainable health delivery options. Method: Eighty cardiovascular patients with diabetes, congestive heart failure, or both who had a recent disease-related hospital stay were enrolled in the RPM program to receive services, including care coordination, coaching, referral for behavioral health, and aging-related services for 90+ days. The program used telenursing and RPM through home care monitoring equipment to coach patients on effective measures to stay compliant with posthospitalization regimens, track and evaluate readmissions, and assess physiological status and mental health. Result: There was a decline in hospital admissions of 65%, 85% for observations and related inpatient services for enrolled CVD patients in the RPM program. In addition, the longer the patient was enrolled the less likely they were to readmit. The program saved ∼$615,127 in patient claims costs and had net savings of $390,296, ∼173% of the total program expenses. Discussion: Evidence showed that 90+ day enrollments are sufficient for realization of readmissions and Emergency Department reductions, increased health care access, and lower costs. This resulted from consistent monitoring using the technology to alert nurses and care coordinators who were able to respond and facilitate patients accessing care in the most helpful and generally less costly care environment. Conclusion: The study has confirmed that care coordination and RPM are effective in supporting self-management of chronic conditions and cost reductions through telenursing and RPM.

Communication and empathy of nursing students in patient care through telenursing: A comparative cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Phone calls and videoconferences are the most widely used systems to interact with patients in real time. Patient care through phone calls or videoconferences is different from an in-person meeting. Interpersonal communication skills, self-confidence communication skills and empathy with the patient may be affected during phone calls or videoconferences. AIM: The objective of this study was to describe the interpersonal communication skills, self-confidence communication skills and empathy of nursing students during patient care through phone calls or videoconferences. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 170 nursing students participated from the University of Almeria. The subjects were randomly assigned to the phone call group or videoconference group. METHODS: The students contacted standardised patients through phone calls or videoconferences. Questionnaires were used to assess interpersonal communication skills with patient, empathy, and self-confidence in communication skills. Data collection was carried out between March and May 2022. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences were found between self-confidence in communication skills with the patient and the type of consultation, nor were statistically significant differences found between the empathy of the nursing students and the type of consultation. The students who used videoconference reported higher patient interpersonal communication skills than the students who made phone calls. Finally, the participants who made videoconferences obtained a higher score in dimension therapeutic use of self than those who made phone calls. CONCLUSIONS: Nursing students have shown a high level of empathy and interpersonal communication skills with patients and a moderate level of self-confidence in communication skills, both when interacting with patients through phone calls and videoconferences. Finally, differences were found in interpersonal communication skills with patient and type of consultation. In particular, interpersonal communication skills with the patient are greater when the nursing students make a videoconference.

The Effect of Telenursing on Disease Outcomes in People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Narrative Review.

Method: A comprehensive search of online databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar, was performed using the following MeSH keywords: telenursing, telephone follow-up, diabetes mellitus, disease management, glycemic, self-care, treatment adherence, and quality of life, up to September 2023. Two reviewers independently screened pertinent studies based on the prespecified outcomes (treatment adherence, self-care, glycemic control, and quality of life) and extracted data from all eligible studies. Results: Of all retrieved records, 23 studies including 5 quasiexperimental (21%) and 18 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) (79%) from five continents met the inclusion criteria. Both male and female patients were considered in the included studies, with mean age of 56.2 years old and a follow-up range of 12 weeks to 18 months. Findings showed that telenursing or nurse telephone follow-up significantly increased mean self-care efficacy score, improved adherence to the treatment regimen, decreased glycosylated hemoglobin and plasma glucose levels (but not lipid profile and body mass index), and improved quality of life compared to the routine care in people with T2DM. Conclusion: Telenursing can effectively supplement healthcare professionals to manage PWT2D. Increasing patients' knowledge about their drugs, insulin administration, and diabetes complications improves self-care behaviors and medical adherence. Consistently, improved self-care and regular use of treatment result in improved metabolic indicators and decreased rate of complications, which is associated with a better quality of life.

Efeito da Tele-enfermagem no Processo Adaptativo de Pessoas Com Estomia Intestinal: Ensaio Clínico / Effect of Telenursing on the Adaptive Process of People With Intestinal Stoma: Clinical Trial / Efecto de la Teleenfermería en el Proceso Adaptativo de Personas Con Estomía Intestinal: Ensayo Clínico

Objetivo:Analisar o efeito da tele-enfermagem no processo adaptativo de pessoas com estomia intestinal. Método: Ensaio clínico randomizado, unicego. Aplicou-se a escala de verificação do nível de adaptação da pessoa com estomia, e formaram-se dois grupos. O grupo controle recebeu atendimento convencional com profissionais do centro de referência, e o grupo intervenção obteve o acompanhamento convencional associado à intervenção complementar via telefone (três chamadas telefônicas realizadas no 20º, 40º e 60º dia após contato inicial). Ao final da intervenção, os participantes foram avaliados novamente pela escala. O recrutamento ocorreu desde o primeiro contato e contou com uma amostra de 16 participantes no grupo intervenção e 17 no grupo controle. Resultados: Notou-se semelhança nos níveis de adaptação no baseline entre os dois grupos, entretanto dados do pós-intervenção demonstraram diferença significante dos grupos no decorrer do estudo e menores valores das médias do grupo controle comparados às medidas do grupo intervenção, indicando maior nível de adaptação no grupo intervenção. Conclusão: O estudo verificou o efeito da tele-enfermagem no processo adaptativo da pessoa com estomia e sugere benefícios no acompanhamento complementar via tele-enfermagem no nível de adaptação de pessoas com estomia de tempo ≤ 12 meses de cirurgia.

Objective: To analyze the effect of telenursing on the adaptive process of people with intestinal ostomy. Method: Randomized, single-blind clinical trial. The verification scale of the level of adaptation of the person with ostomy was applied, and two groups were formed. The control group received conventional care with professionals from the reference center, and the intervention group received conventional follow-up associated with the complementary intervention via telephone (three phone calls on the 20th, 40th and 60th day after initial contact). At the end of the intervention, the participants were evaluated again through the scale. Recruitment occurred from the first contact and had a sample of 16 participants in the intervention group and 17 in the control group. Results: There was a similarity in the levels of adaptation at baseline between the two groups. However, post-intervention data showed a significant difference between the groups during the study and lower values of the means of the control group compared to the measures of the intervention group, demonstrating a higher level of adaptation in the intervention group. Conclusion: The study verified the effect of telenursing on the adaptive process of the person with a stoma and suggests benefits in complementary monitoring via telenursing at the level of adaptation of people with a stoma after ≤ 12 months of surgery.

Objetivo:Analizar el efecto de la teleenfermería en el proceso adaptativo de personas con ostomía intestinal. Método: Ensayo clínico aleatorizado, simple ciego. Se aplicó la Escala de Verificación del Nivel de Adaptación de la Persona con Ostomía y se formaron dos grupos, el grupo control recibió atención convencional con profesionales del centro de referencia y el grupo intervención recibió seguimiento convencional asociado a la intervención complementaria vía telefónica (3 llamadas telefónicas los días 20, 40 y 60 después del contacto inicial). Al final de la intervención, los participantes fueron evaluados nuevamente mediante la escala. El reclutamiento se produjo desde el primer contacto y contó con una muestra de 16 participantes en el grupo de intervención y 17 en el grupo control. Resultados: Hubo similitud en los niveles de adaptación al inicio del estudio entre los dos grupos, sin embargo, los datos posteriores a la intervención mostraron una diferencia significativa entre los grupos durante el estudio y verificaron valores más bajos de las medias del grupo control en comparación con el medidas del grupo de intervención, demostrando un mayor nivel de adaptación en el grupo de intervención. Conclusión: El estudio verificó el efecto de la teleenfermería en el proceso adaptativo de la persona con estoma y sugiere beneficios en el seguimiento complementario a través de la teleenfermería a nivel de adaptación de la persona con estoma después de ≤ 12 meses de la cirugía

Teleenfermería en salud mental: efecto sobre los síntomas de ansiedad y el consumo de alcohol durante la pandemia de COVID-19 / Telenursing in mental health: effect on anxiety symptoms and alcohol consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic / Telenfermagem em saúde mental: efeito em sintomas de ansiedade e consumo de álcool durante a pandemia COVID-19

Objetivo: investigar el efecto de una intervención a distancia sobre los síntomas de ansiedad y el consumo de alcohol en usuarios del servicio de Atención Primaria de Salud. Método: estudio cuasiexperimental, realizado con 1270 participantes que respondieron al Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test y al State-Trait Anxiety Inventory 6. De estos, 1033 encuestados obtuvieron puntajes de síntomas de ansiedad moderada/grave (STAI-6 > 3) y consumo de alcohol de riesgo moderado/grave (AUDIT-C>3), y recibieron las intervenciones mediante llamada telefónica con un seguimiento de siete y 180 días. Para analizar los datos se utilizó un modelo de regresión de efectos mixtos. Resultados: el efecto de la intervención realizada fue positivo para reducir los síntomas de ansiedad entre T0 y T1 (µ=1,6 p<0,001) y para reducir el patrón de consumo de alcohol entre t1 y t3 (µ=1,57 p< 0,001). Conclusión: los resultados del seguimiento sugieren que la intervención tuvo un efecto positivo en la reducción de la ansiedad y el patrón de consumo de alcohol que tiende a mantenerse en el tiempo. Existe evidencia de que la intervención propuesta puede ser una alternativa para la atención preventiva en salud mental, en situaciones donde se comprometa la accesibilidad del usuario o del profesional.

Objective: to investigate the effect of a remote intervention on anxiety symptoms and alcohol use in users of the Primary Health Care service. Method: a quasi-experimental study conducted with 1,270 participants who answered the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-6. Of these, 1,033 interviewees scored for moderate/severe anxiety symptoms (STAI-6 > 3) and moderate/severe risk alcohol use (AUDIT-C > 3), and received the interventions via telephone calls with follow-up periods lasting seven and 180 days. For data analysis, a mixed-effects regression model was used. Results: the effect of the intervention performed was positive in reducing anxiety symptoms between T0 and T1 (µ=1.6, p<0.001) and in reducing the alcohol use pattern between T1 and T3 (µ=1.57, p<0.001) Conclusion: the follow-up results suggest a positive effect of the intervention in reducing anxiety and the alcohol use pattern, which tends to be maintained over time. There is diverse evidence that the intervention proposed can be an alternative for preventive care in mental health, in situations where accessibility of the user or the professional is compromised.

Objetivo: investigar o efeito de uma intervenção remota nos sintomas de ansiedade e no uso de álcool em usuários do serviço de Atenção Primária à Saúde. Método: estudo quase experimental, realizado com 1270 participantes que responderam o Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test e a State-Trait Anxiety Inventory 6. Desses, 1033 entrevistados pontuaram para sintomas de ansiedade moderada/severa (STAI-6>3) e uso de risco de álcool moderado/severo (AUDIT-C>3), e receberam as intervenções via chamada telefônica com follow-up de sete e 180 dias. Para análise dos dados utilizou-se um modelo de regressão de efeitos mistos. Resultados: o efeito da intervenção realizada foi positivo na redução dos sintomas de ansiedade entre T0 e T1 (µ=1,6 p<0.001) e na redução do padrão de uso de álcool entre t1 e t3 (µ=1,57 p<0.001). Conclusão: os resultados do follow-up sugerem efeito positivo da intervenção na redução da ansiedade e no padrão de uso de álcool, o qual tende a se manter ao longo do tempo. Há evidências de que a intervenção proposta pode ser uma alternativa para o cuidado preventivo em saúde mental, em situações nas quais a acessibilidade do usuário ou do profissional encontram-se comprometidas.

Telenursing implications for future education and practice: Nursing students' perspectives and knowledge from a course on child health.

BACKGROUND: Technology advancements have altered the standard of nursing care, and education. This suggests the necessity to equip prospective nurses to provide competent care in a highly technical and digital environment via telenursing. AIMS: The aim of this study was to assess the perceptions and knowledge of nursing students about telenursing. METHODS: Using a descriptive cross-sectional design. A self-reported questionnaire was used. The distribution of 110 questionnaires to nursing students attending two private colleges in Jordan resulted in an 83.6% (n = 92) response rate. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied. RESULTS: The results showed a positive perception toward telenursing practice, as well as the difficulty in precisely defining telenursing. Age, internet usage patterns, and knowledge were all factors considered telenursing predictors. 32% of the variance was explained by the model. Telenursing would be beneficial for future nursing professionals by incorporating telenursing into the curriculum. CONCLUSIONS: The learning environment is extends somewhat beyond the classroom, making it is necessary to integrate telenursing into education in order to redefine the future of the nursing practice.

Telenursing practice in the care of surgical cancer patients: a scoping review protocol.

INTRODUCTION: Telenursing is a component of telehealth that occurs when nurses use information and communication technologies to provide care and nursing services remotely. To understand how telenursing services in surgical oncology patients can be better implemented, it is important that the success models are collected and studied. Therefore, the general objective is to develop the scoping review protocol for the survey of existing evidence on the practice of oncological perioperative telenursing. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The scoping review will be conducted following the scoping review directions of the Joanna Briggs Institute with the use of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews checklist for the review report. The databases that will be used for these searches will be: MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, CINAHL, SCOPUS, Web of Science and Virtual Health Library. To search for grey literature, Google Scholar, WorldWideScience and Global ETD Search will be used. Primary studies, observational or experimental, published in any year or language will be considered. For the selection and extraction of data, two independent reviewers will read the title, summary and full text using the Rayyan software and a form prepared by the authors. The data to be extracted are related to the characterisation of the study (study design, country and year of publication) and details of the telenursing programme (surgery or surgical specialty, perioperative period, tools used, organisation and operation, outcome indicators and treatment methods and content in telenursing). Among others, the difficulties and potentialities for the development or implementation of telenursing will also be extracted, as the main result of the study. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The study does not require ethical approval as it will use previously published research data. The results will be shared in journals and scientific events and may be used for the development and implementation of oncological perioperative telenursing programmes.

Comparing the effects of home visits and telenursing on blood glucose control: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials.

BACKGROUND: Home visits have often been performed for diabetes management, but with the increased use of the internet and smartphones, people are opting for telenursing as the main method for monitoring and controlling diabetes. OBJECTIVE: This study compares the effects of home visits and telenursing on diabetes management. METHODS: Four electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature) were used as data sources. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood sugar, and two-hour post-prandial glucose levels were used as outcome measures. A subgroup analysis was performed based on the type of diabetes and follow-up. RESULTS: Of 1890 studies, 24 (2801 participants) were selected and meta-analyzed. The nursing interventions provided during nursing visits or telenursing mainly included education on diabetes and blood sugar control. It was seen that HbA1c decreased with a weighted mean difference of -0.66 (95 % confidence interval -0.82 to -0.51, p < .001) % in home visits and -0.56 (95 % confidence interval -0.81 to -0.31, p < .001) % in telenursing. The fasting blood sugar reported only in telenursing was reduced by a weighted mean difference of -14.23 (95 % confidence interval 27.59 to -0.88, p = .04) mg/dL and two-hour post-prandial glucose was reduced with a mean difference of -15.84 (95 % confidence interval -24.45 to -7.24, p = .003) mg/dL. Furthermore, low heterogeneity was found among the studies. In a subgroup analysis of diabetes type, HbA1c in home visits was reduced by -0.86 % in type 1 diabetes and -0.62 % in type 2 diabetes, while in telenursing, the reductions were -0.65 % and -0.53 %, respectively. Fasting blood glucose was reduced by -6.08 mg/dL and -18.50 mg/dL, respectively, whereas two-hour postprandial blood sugar was reduced by -14.49 mg/dL and -30.30 mg/dL, respectively, in telenursing. In the subgroup analysis of the follow-up period, HbA1c during home visits decreased by -0.63 % at 10 to 16 weeks, -0.73 % at 24 to 36 weeks, and -0.64 % at 52 weeks or more, while in telenursing, the reductions were -0.80 %, -0.44 %, and -0.07 %, respectively. Home visits were not statistically significant between 10 and 16 weeks, whereas telenursing was not significant at 52 weeks or more. CONCLUSIONS: Despite telenursing reducing HbA1c slightly less than home visits, evidence from this systematic review suggests that telenursing is a similarly effective approach for controlling blood glucose levels in patients with diabetes. Telenursing is a nursing intervention that can be used as an alternative to home visits for patients requiring diabetes management.

Telenursing Interventions for Patients With Cancer Receiving Chemotherapy: A Scoping Review.

PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION: To provide an overview of telenursing interventions, primary outcomes, and tools used in patients with cancer receiving chemotherapy, a scoping review was conducted. LITERATURE SEARCH: PubMed®, Embase®, and CINAHL® databases were searched using the following keywords: telenursing, adverse event, and drug therapy. DATA EVALUATION: From the screening process, 11 studies were identified. SYNTHESIS: In patients with cancer receiving chemotherapy, telenursing interventions were mainly used to monitor symptoms, particularly fatigue, anxiety, and depression. The interventions used included outcome-specific, nonspecific, and validated tools, or tools developed from reporting systems for adverse events. IMPLICATIONS FOR RESEARCH: Large-scale, well-conducted randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses are needed to test the results of this scoping review.

Effectiveness of a telenursing intervention program in reducing exacerbations in patients with chronic respiratory failure receiving noninvasive positive pressure ventilation: A randomized controlled trial.

Telenursing for patients with chronic respiratory failure receiving noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) is an important aid in reducing exacerbations; however, there is insufficient evidence. This randomized controlled trial investigated the effectiveness of a telenursing intervention program in reducing exacerbations in patients with chronic respiratory failure receiving NPPV at home. We included patients receiving NPPV at home who could handle a tablet device. The intervention group (n = 15) underwent an information and communications technology-based telenursing intervention program in addition to usual care; the control group (n = 16) received the usual care only. The telenursing intervention program comprised telemonitoring and health counseling sessions via videophone. The intervention was evaluated once at enrollment and after 3 months. The primary endpoints were the number of unscheduled outpatient visits, hospitalizations, and hospital days. The secondary endpoints included the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) score, Euro QOL 5 Dimension score, Self-Care Agency Questionnaire (SCAQ) score, pulmonary function tests, and 6-min walking distance. We used the Mann-Whitney U test for our analysis. We found no significant differences between the intervention and control groups at enrollment. Then, the differences between the endpoints at baseline and 3 months after enrollment were calculated and used to compare both groups. At follow-up, the number of routine outpatient visits for acute exacerbations (p = .045), the number of hospitalizations (p = .037), the number of hospital days (p = .031), SGRQ (p = .039) score, and SCAQ (p = .034) score were significantly different. The increase in the number of unscheduled outpatient visits in the intervention group during follow-up was attributed to acute exacerbations and a significant decrease in the number of hospitalizations and hospital days. Hence, the telenursing intervention program may be effective in reducing exacerbations in patients with chronic respiratory failure receiving NPPV at home. Trial registration: UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN-CTR) UMIN000027657.

The impact of telenursing on level of depression, stress and anxiety in discharged patients after coronary artery bypass graft surgery: A randomized clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: After coronary artery bypass graft surgery patients are susceptible to mental disorders such as stress, anxiety, and depression following discharge from the hospital and often require post-discharge support and follow-up. Telenursing is an accessible method that may reduce stress, anxiety, and depression experienced by patients. This study aimed to investigate the impact of telenursing on depression, stress, and anxiety in discharged patients after CABG surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A randomized clinical trial was carried out. Eligible patients were divided randomly into intervention (n=40) and control (n=40) groups. Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS21) questionnaire was filled out by both groups one day before discharge from the hospital. The intervention group received SMS reminders of their treatment plan, referrals to the cardiac rehabilitation clinic, and routine care three times a week for six weeks, while the control group received routine care provided by the hospital only. In the week following the completion of the intervention period, both groups returned to fill out the questionnaire, and the data were analyzed using SPSS version 16.0, descriptive and inferential statistics, and independent and paired T-tests. RESULT: The mean scores of depression, stress, and anxiety before intervention in the intervention group were 11.95, 18.75, and 18.17, and in the control group were 11.55, 18.37, and 17.4 respectively. The mean scores of depression, stress, and anxiety after intervention in the intervention group were 7.85, 10.5, and 10.45, and in the control group were 10.56, 17.9, and 16.5 respectively. No significant differences were seen between the two groups before the intervention (P>0.05), but the results showed significant differences between the two groups' mean scores of depression, stress, and anxiety after intervention (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: Telenursing can reduce stress, anxiety, and depression in discharged patients after coronary artery bypass graft surgery by providing proper and cost-effective follow-up.