ABSTRACT
El conocimiento de los nervios aferentes, de la irrigación vascular y del drenaje venoso comprometido en la articulación temporomandibular es relevante para entender la fisiología del sistema estomatognático. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar los vasos sanguíneos y los nervios involucrados en la irrigación e inervación de la ATM, y si los términos utilizados en la literatura científica respetan lo establecido en Terminología Anatomica Internacional (TAI).Se realizó una revisión de la literatura en la que se incluyeron 10 libros y 11 artículos científicos. La mayoría de los autores señalaron que la irrigación de la ATM se lleva a cabo por ramas de la arteria temporal superficial y ramas de la arteria maxilar, que a su vez son ramas de la arteria carótida externa. El drenaje venoso estaría dado por las venas temporales superficiales y por el plexo pterigoideo. La inervación sensitiva provenía del nervio mandibular, ramo del V par craneal y sus ramos auriculotemporal, maseterino y los nervios temporales profundos. Los autores concuerdan en los principales vasos y ramos nerviosos que dan irrigación e inervación a la ATM, aunque también se mencionan otros vasos y nervios menos descritos. El drenaje venoso de la ATM se encuentra escasamente descrito en la literatura.
The knowledge of the afferent nerves, vascular supply and venous drainage of the temporomandibular joint is relevant to understand the physiology of the stomatognathic system. The aim of this study was to identify the blood vessels and nerves involved in the blood supply and innervation of the TMJ, and if the terms used in the scientific literature respects the Terminologia Anatomica. Ten books and 11 scientific articles were included. A literature review was conducted. Most authors suggest that TMJ irrigation is carried out by branches of the superficial temporal artery and branches of the maxillary artery, which are branches of the external carotid artery. The venous drainage would be given by the superficial temporal vein and by the pterygoid plexus. The sensory innervation was given by the mandibular nerve, branch of the V cranial nerve and its branches auriculotemporal, masseteric and the deep temporal nerves. The authors agree on the major vessels and nerve branches that provide irrigation and innervation to the TMJ, although other less described vessels and nerves are also mentioned. The venous drainage of the TMJ is poorly described in the literature.
Subject(s)
Humans , Temporomandibular Joint/blood supply , Temporomandibular Joint/innervationABSTRACT
The opossum Monodelphis domestica presents movement of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) reflecting adaptation to eating habits similar to movement in humans, but the structure of the TMJ is not yet known. Thus, nine young M. domestica, of both sexes were weighed, anesthetized with xylazine (10 mg kg(-1) ), and ketamine (70 mg kg(-1) ) and processed for: 1. The analyses of the macroscopic angioarchitecture after latex injection, as well as the topography of the TMJ; 2. The analysis of microvascularization after injection of Mercox resin and corrosion of soft tissue with NaOH using scanning electron microscopy and; 3. The histological evaluation of the TMJ with an optical microscope. Macroscopic analysis of the latex injected vessels revealed the distribution of the arteries from the common carotid artery, receiving branches of the superficial temporal and maxillary arteries. The mandibular condyle has the long axis in the lateral-lateral direction, and is convex in the anterior-posterior direction. Its topography was determined in relation to the eye and external acoustic meatus. With scanning electron microscopy, microvascularization consists of arterioles of varying diameter (85-15 µm) of the meandering capillary network in the retrodiscal region, and a network of straight capillaries in the TMJ anterior region. Via light microscopy the TMJ has similar histological features to those of humans. These macroscopic, microscopic and ultrastructural data from TMJ of the M. domestica could be a suitable model for TMJ physiology and pathophysiology studies for then speculate on possible human studies. Microsc. Res. Tech. 79:806-813, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Subject(s)
Microvessels/ultrastructure , Monodelphis/anatomy & histology , Temporomandibular Joint/blood supply , Temporomandibular Joint/ultrastructure , Animals , Female , Male , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Temporomandibular Joint/anatomy & histologyABSTRACT
Insertion of the upper head of the lateral pterygoid (UHLP) in the temporomandibular joint disc (TMJ) has been linked to anterior displacement of the disc and temporomandibular disfunction. The aim of this study was to determine in human adults, the percentage of muscle fiber in the upper head of the lateral pterygoid muscle inserted in the articular disc. A systematic review of the literature was designed beginning with articles published in Medline, Lilacs and Scielo data bases between the years 1990 and 2010. Key words "Lateral Pterygoid Muscle" and Pterygoid Lateral Muscle" were used, and the term MeSH "Pterygoid Muscle" with Boolean OR "Lateral Ptrerygoid Muscle" AND "Insertion" and the free terms "Pterygoid Lateral Muscle Disc Articular" and "Pterygoid lateral Muscle Meniscus". Of the 156 articles obtained and analyzed, 18 articles meeting eligibility criteria were selected. Based on those articles the percentage of insertion of the CSPL in the TMJ disc was evaluated, each one was subsequently assigned a level of evidence according to OCEBM Oxford Centre Evidence Based Medicine. Only four articles answered the research inquiry, three studies were histological and one used imaging techniques with cross section slices with an adequate evidence level (1B). However, results differed with insertion percentages from 2 percent to 69.8 percent being reported in the superior head of the lateral pterygoid muscle in the articular disc.
La actividad de la inserción de la cabeza superior del pterigoideo lateral (CSPL) en el disco de la articulación temporomandibular (ATM) ha sido vinculada al desplazamiento anterior del disco y disfunción temporomandibular. El propósito de este estudio fue determinar el porcentaje de fibras musculares de la cabeza superior del músculo pterigoideo lateral que se insertan en el disco articular, en humanos adultos. Se diseñó una revisión sistemática de la literatura a partir de artículos primarios publicados en las bases de datos Medline, Lilacs y Scielo entre los años 1990 y 2010. Se utilizaron las palabras clave "Músculo Pterigoideo Lateral" y "Pterygoid Lateral Muscle", el Término MeSH: "Pterygoid Muscle" con los boleanos OR "Lateral Pterygoid Muscle" AND "Insertion" y los Términos Libres: "Pterygoid Lateral Muscle Disc Articular" y "Pterygoid lateral Muscle Meniscus". Se obtuvieron 156 artículos, los cuales fueron analizados y se seleccionaron 18 que cumplieron con los criterios de elegibilidad. En base a estos artículos se evaluó el porcentaje de inserción de la CSPL en el disco de la ATM, posteriormente a cada uno se les otorgó un nivel de evidencia de acuerdo a la clasificación de Oxford Centre Evidence Based Medicine (OCEBM). Solo 4 artículos respondieron a la pregunta de investigación, 3 estudios fueron histológicos y 1 imagenológico, todos con diseños de cortes transversales con buen nivel de evidencia (1b). Sin embargo los resultados fueron disímiles, reportándose porcentajes de inserción del 2 al 69,8 por ciento de la cabeza superior del pterigoideo lateral en el disco articular.
Subject(s)
Female , Temporomandibular Joint/anatomy & histology , Temporomandibular Joint/innervation , Temporomandibular Joint/blood supply , Temporomandibular Joint/pathology , Pterygoid Muscles/anatomy & histology , Pterygoid Muscles/growth & development , Pterygoid Muscles/blood supply , Review Literature as Topic , Temporomandibular Joint Disc/anatomy & histology , Temporomandibular Joint Disc/abnormalities , Temporomandibular Joint Disc/innervation , Temporomandibular Joint Disc/blood supply , Evidence-Based Dentistry/methodsABSTRACT
RESUMEN: La articulación témporomandibular (ATM) humana, sinovial y bicondílea, es un conjunto de estructuras que permite la relación anatómica y funcional entre el hueso temporal y la mandíbula. Esta articulación permite realizar los movimientos mandibulares y las funciones del sistema estomatognático. Uno de los elementos de la ATM es el disco articular, que divide a la articulación en dos compartimientos y relaciona el proceso condilar con la fosa mandibular y con la eminencia articular del hueso temporal. Con el propósito de obtener información de la morfometría del disco articular, se analizaron y midieron 10 discos articulares de individuos adultos, de una edad promedio de 60 años, y 10 discos articulares de fetos con más de 28 semanas de gestación. La forma del disco articular de la ATM de adultos corresponde a las descripciones de la literatura y el disco articular del feto muestra una zona retrodiscal poco desarrollada. El promedio de las medidas del disco articular de la ATM de fetos, en el diámetro ántero-posterior (DAP) fue de 6,77mm y el diámetro transversal (DT) de 9,23mm. Las mediciones efectuadas en el plano sagital determinaron que el espesor en la zona anterior (EZA) es de 1 mm; en la zona media (EZM) de 0,59 mm y el espesor de la zona posterior (EZP) de 1,72 mm. En el adulto, el promedio de las medidas del disco corresponden en el DAP a 14,46 mm y en el DT a 20,08 mm. Las dimensiones tomadas en el plano sagital señalan que el EZA es de 2,39mm; el EZM es 1,60mm y el EZP es 3,29 mm. Fue estadísticamente significativa la correlación de DT y DAP del disco articular en el feto (p=< 0.005). En el disco adulto se determinó una correlación para EZA,EZM y EZP (p=< 0.005). Las variaciones en las dimensiones del disco de la articulación témporomandibular pueden atribuirse al crecimiento de los elementos articulares, a la función masticatoria, a la presencia o ausencia de piezas dentarias, lo que se manifestaría en una modelación del espesor del disco, principalmente en la zona posterior.
Subject(s)
Male , Humans , Middle Aged , Temporomandibular Joint/anatomy & histology , Temporomandibular Joint/growth & development , Temporomandibular Joint/innervation , Temporomandibular Joint/blood supply , Fetus/anatomy & histology , Fetus/innervation , Fetus/blood supply , Anatomy, Regional , DissectionABSTRACT
The bilaminar zone (BZ) in the human temporomandibular joint (TMJ) of toothed adults (GI) and toothless, elderly humans (GII) were analysed using light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In both groups the BZ consists of an upper and a lower stratum of connective tissue separated by a vascularized middle region. The superior stratum contains bundles of collagen fibres disposed in different directions. The fibres are fairly thick and transversely oriented immediately posterior to the TMJ disc. The initial part of the inferior stratum contains curved bundles of collagen fibres oriented anterio-posteriorly. From the middle to the posterior part of the inferior stratum, the fibres are right-aligned in GI and clearly sinuous in nature in GII. In both groups, the middle and posterior portions of the middle region are distinguished by the presence of vessels and vascular spaces. Loosely arranged connective and adipose tissues are also evident. The vascular spaces are wider in GII than in GI. The predominance of type I collagen fibres is clear in all regions of the BZ in both groups. The elastic fibres lie parallel to the collagen fibres in both groups and they are thicker and more abundant in GI, apparently decreasing in GII.
Subject(s)
Aging/pathology , Temporomandibular Joint/anatomy & histology , Adipose Tissue/anatomy & histology , Adipose Tissue/ultrastructure , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Azo Compounds , Collagen/classification , Collagen/ultrastructure , Coloring Agents , Connective Tissue/anatomy & histology , Connective Tissue/blood supply , Connective Tissue/ultrastructure , Dentition , Elastic Tissue/anatomy & histology , Elastic Tissue/ultrastructure , Female , Humans , Male , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Microscopy, Polarization , Middle Aged , Mouth, Edentulous/pathology , Phenazines , Temporomandibular Joint/blood supply , Temporomandibular Joint/ultrastructure , Temporomandibular Joint Disc/anatomy & histology , Temporomandibular Joint Disc/ultrastructureSubject(s)
Temporomandibular Joint/cytology , Temporomandibular Joint/anatomy & histology , Temporomandibular Joint/innervation , Temporomandibular Joint/blood supply , Joint Capsule/anatomy & histology , Joint Capsule/cytology , Temporomandibular Joint Disc/anatomy & histology , Temporomandibular Joint Disc/cytology , Histology , Synovial Fluid/cytology , Synovial Fluid/chemistrySubject(s)
Rats , Animals , Humans , Temporomandibular Joint/ultrastructure , Temporomandibular Joint/blood supplyABSTRACT
The innervation of the articular disc of the temporomandibular joint of 6 adults guinea pigs was studied with the use of Nonidez technique. Only occasional nerve fibers next to blood vessels at the posterior inferior peripheral part of the articular disc were observed.