ABSTRACT
Luis Tavares revolutionized cardiac surgery, always bringing the most modern instruments and equipment from his travels to England - surgical forceps, scissors, scalpels, etc. He always insisted that he was not just a thoracic surgeon, for his work extended over a wide field and created three important cardiac surgery centers which promoted a great development of cardiology. He carried out the first open heart surgery (atrial septal defect) employing extracorporeal circulation and closure of a ventricular septal defect with deep surface hypothermia of north and northeast Brazil. He promoted an intense scientific exchange program between Recife and England, resulting in significant advances in medicine, and participated directly in the creation of HEMOPE), leading to radical changes and improvements in blood therapy in the whole country. The PROCAPE, inaugurated in 2006, was the result of the cardiac center created by him in early 1970 at Hospital Oswaldo Cruz and can be considered the second largest public-university cardiology center in Brazil. He is thus widely regarded as an outstanding name in medicine in the 20th century and one of the fathers of modern cardiac surgery in Brazil.
Subject(s)
Cardiac Surgical Procedures , Cardiology , Heart Septal Defects, Atrial , Thoracic Surgery , Humans , Cardiac Surgical Procedures/history , Thoracic Surgery/history , Extracorporeal CirculationABSTRACT
La cirugía a "corazón abierto" con circulación extracorpórea se apronta a cumplir 70 años. Desde un comienzo se hizo necesario buscar la forma de tener un campo operatorio quieto y exangüe, sin riesgo de embolia aérea, lo que llevó al desarrollo de la primera "cardioplegía" por Melrose, a fines de los años 1950's. Sin embargo, esta cayó en descrédito rápidamente y fue abandonada en años 1960's. Se necesitó que transcurrieran casi 15 años para el retorno de la cardioplegía, ahora como forma de proteger al corazón de la isquemia. Durante este periodo se volvió a la fibrilación ventricular a la perfusión coronaria, al paro isquémico y a la hipotermia tópica. Sin embargo, algunos investigadores mantuvieron su interés en la cardioplegía, facilitando el retorno clínico de esta con Hearse en 1976, con la solución cardioplégica cristaloide del Hospital St. Thomas, la que se asentó como el principal método de protección miocárdica, hasta la irrupción de Buckberg con su cardioplegía sanguínea en multidosis, la que se convirtió, a comienzo de los años 1990's, en el procedimiento preferido para proteger al corazón durante el periodo de isquemia requerido para operar en él, infundida ahora no solo por vía anterógrada, sino que también por vía retrógrada. Esto, hasta Pedro Del Nido y su vuelta a la dosis única, solo por vía anterógrada.
Open heart surgery with extracorporeal circulation is approaching its 70th anniversary. From the beginning it was necessary to find a way to have a still and bloodless operative field, without the risk of air embolism, which led to the development of the first "cardioplegía" by Melrose, at the end of the 1950's. However, it quickly fell into disrepute and was abandoned in the 1960's. It took almost 15 years for cardioplegía to return, now as a way of protecting the heart from ischemia. During this period, ventricular fibrillation, coronary perfusion, ischemic arrest and topical hypothermia returned. However, some investigators maintained their interest in cardioplegía, facilitating the clinical return of cardioplegía with Hearse in 1976, with the crystalloid cardioplegic solution of St. Thomas's Hospital. This became the main method of myocardial protection until the irruption of Buckberg with his multidose blood cardioplegía, which became, at the beginning of the 90's, the preferred method to protect the heart during the ischemic period required to operate on it, now infused not only by anterograde route but also by retrograde route. This, until Pedro Del Nido and his return to the single dose, only via the antegrade route.
Subject(s)
Humans , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Thoracic Surgery/history , Myocardial Ischemia/prevention & control , Heart Arrest, Induced/historyABSTRACT
Alejandro Posadas fue un destacado cirujano en la Buenos Aires del siglo XIX. Sus trabajos contribuyeron al desarrollo del conocimiento médico. El objetivo del presente artículo es describir las actividades de Alejandro Posadas desde perspectivas diferentes: cirugía, investigación, educación médica y la innovación que sus métodos aportaron al proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje.
Alejandro Posadas was a renowned surgeon in the Buenos Aires of the XIX century. His works contributed to the development of medical knowledge. The purpose of present research article is to describe the activities of Alejandro Posadas from different perspectives: surgery research, medical education and that the innovation of his methods brought them in the teaching and learning processes.
Subject(s)
Humans , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Surgeons/history , Education, Medical/history , Thoracic Surgery/education , Thoracic Surgery/history , History of Medicine , Physicians/history , Research/history , Audiovisual Aids/history , Motion Pictures/history , ArgentinaABSTRACT
The branches of medicine responsible for the care of victims of different types of injuries were born as a result of the urgent need to save lives during the wars. In Mexico, one of the first hospitals developed for the care of injured patients was the Central Hospital of the Mexican Red Cross. The aim of this article is to pay tribute to the first service for the care of patients with chest trauma, founded in 1954, its founders and those who have continued with their work: Dr. Pedro Garza Alegría, Dr. Octavio Rivas Solís Dr. Jesús Genis Becerra, etc. In 64 years of existence, there have been trained eight specialists in cardiothoracic surgery and three of them have worked in the Central Hospital of the Mexican Red Cross.
Subject(s)
Hospitals/history , Thoracic Injuries/therapy , Thoracic Surgery/history , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Humans , Mexico , Red Cross/historyABSTRACT
Alfonso Roque Albanese (1906-2005) es considerado un pionero de la cirugía cardíaca Latinoamericana por sus importantes aportes. Fue miembro fundador de la Asociación Panamericana de Anatomía. Investigador y docente tanto de la anatomía como de la cirugía, uniendo ambas disciplinas.
Alfonso Roque Albanese (1906-2005) is considered a pioneer of Latin American heart surgery because of his important contributions. He was founding member of the Pan American Association of Anatomy. Researcher and teacher of anatomy and surgery, joining both disciplines.
Subject(s)
History, 20th Century , Anatomy/history , Societies, Medical/history , Thoracic Surgery/history , Latin AmericaABSTRACT
The story of René Favaloro is almost unknown to the general public. Christian Barnard, the cardiac surgeon who performed the world's first human-to-human heart transplant, is much more famous than him; still, nowadays many more lives are saved thanks to Favaloro's work rather than to heart transplants. This paper wants to pay tribute to a great doctor and an extraordinary man: René Favaloro.
Subject(s)
Coronary Artery Bypass/history , Thoracic Surgery/history , Argentina , History, 20th Century , Humans , United StatesABSTRACT
Nina Braunwald, M.D. fue la primera mujer cirujano cardiovascular y la primera en ser certificada por el American Board of Cardiothoracic Surgery, y, además, la primera mujer en ser elegida miembro de la American Association for Thoracic Surgery. En 1960, Nina Braunwald efectuó el primer reemplazo valvular mitral exitoso, utilizando una prótesis valvular cardíaca diseñada y fabricada por ella misma, en el NIH. Nina dedicó su vida a la cirugía cardiovascular académica, siendo pionera en el cultivo de tejidos para el recubrimiento de superficies protésicas cardíacas, diseñando la prótesis valvular cardíaca recubierta completamente de tela de Braunwald-Cutter, que se usó en miles de pacientes entre los años 60 y 70. Casada con el famoso cardiólogo Eugene Braunwald, fue madre de tres mujeres que a su vez tuvieron una vida profesional exitosa. Murió en 1992 a la edad de 64 años por un cáncer de mama. Nina Braunwald fue recordada por el Presidente Barack Obama en su discurso a la nación del año 2009 en el NIH, como un pionero de la cirugía valvular cardíaca.
Nina Braunwald, M.D. was the first woman to become a cardiovascular surgeon and the first woman to be certified by the American Board of Cardiothoracic Surgery and also the first woman to be elected member of the American Association for Thoracic Surgery. In 1960, Nina Braunwald led the operative team at the National Institute of Health that implanted the first successful artificial mitral human heart valve replace-ment, which she had designed and fabricated. Nina dedicated her life to the academic cardiovascular surgery, being pioneer in the use of tissue culture techniques to develop nonthrombogenic cell layers and polymer surfaces to provide optimal surfaces for prosthetic valves and circulatory assist devices. She developed a totally cloth-covered mechanical prosthesis -the Braunwald-Cutter valve - which was successfully implanted into thousands of patients in the last 1960s and early 1970s. Married with famous cardiologist Eugene Braunwald, she was mother of three women that also had a successful professional life. Nina Braunwald died in 1992 of metastatic breast cancer. Her contributions as a pioneer of heart valve surgery were acknowledge by President Barack Obama during his 2009 speech to the nation at the NIH.
Subject(s)
History, 20th Century , Thoracic Surgery/history , Cardiology/history , Cardiologists/history , United StatesABSTRACT
La historia de la cirugía cardiaca en Costa Rica, señala tres fechas fundamentales de las que por azares del destino he sido testigo directo o indirecto. 1 de mayo de 1917. primera sutura de una herida del corazón en Costa Rica. El 9 de setiembre de 1986 el alemán Ludwing Rehn, sutura con éxito una herida del corazón de un jardinero de 22 años, esa fecha es reconocida en todo el mundo como el inicio de la cirugía cardiaca, acabando así con el mito de la inviolabilidad quirúrgica de ese órgano y borrando la frase del influyente cirujano Theodore Billroth: "El cirujano que trate de suturar una herida del corazón, perderá el respeto de sus colegas"...