ABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Humans , Smoking Cessation/methods , Tobacco Use Cessation/history , Tobacco Use Cessation/methods , Tobacco Use Cessation Devices , Smoking/drug therapy , Bupropion/therapeutic use , Varenicline/therapeutic use , Tobacco Smoke Pollution/prevention & control , Smoking/prevention & controlABSTRACT
La presente investigación se enmarca dentro de la campaña anual de prevención de tabaquismo realizada por la Asociación Española contra el Cáncer (aecc) en colaboración con la Sociedad Española de Farmacéuticos Comunitarios (SEFAC). Los objetivos del estudio fueron explorar el perfi l de consumo de la población fumadora y evaluar el factor motivador de la medición de monóxido de carbono en dicha población dado los pocos trabajos encontrados que respecto a la infl uencia positiva de uso de la cooximetría en el proceso decisional del fumador, en etapas previas a la abstinencia nicotínica. Se analizaron un total de 235 entrevistas, con una media edad de 39.65 años y 15.90 c/d. de consumo medio. Un 63.4 % de los sujetos consideraron el resultado obtenido en la prueba como un elemento de motivación para el cambio y un 55.4% aprovecharon para pedir consejo profesional. Se identifi caron además las barreras para abandonar el hábito más frecuentes y se recogieron algunos datos sobre opiniones y creencias respecto al tabaco. Así pues la cooximetría es una herramienta muy útil, que puede facilitar un cambio de actitud en el fumador. El farmacéutico comunitario puede desempeñar un papel importante en la campo del tabaquismo y la prevención de enfermedades derivadas de la adicción (AU)
No disponible
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Tobacco Smoke Pollution/prevention & control , Smoking/epidemiology , Tobacco Use Cessation/history , Tobacco Use Cessation/methods , Tobacco Use Cessation/statistics & numerical data , Carbon Monoxide/administration & dosage , Carbon Monoxide/adverse effects , Motivation , Tobacco Use Cessation/ethnology , Tobacco Use Cessation/psychology , Smoking PreventionABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Tobacco Smoke Pollution/history , Tobacco Smoke Pollution/prevention & control , Smoking/epidemiology , Smoking/history , Tobacco Use Cessation/history , Tobacco Use Cessation/methods , Smoking Prevention , Smoking Prevention , Spain/epidemiology , Nicotiana , Tobacco Smoke Pollution/legislation & jurisprudence , Tobacco Use Disorder/prevention & controlABSTRACT
This paper examines two major Soviet anti-smoking campaigns -- one in the 1920s and the other in the late 1970s. Each occurs in a period of demographic crisis as part of larger pubic health efforts. Each ultimately fails. In 1920, the leader of the People's Commissariat of Health, N. Semashko, began a campaign against tobacco with the support of V.I. Lenin. He proposed restrictions on access, use, and production of tobacco. Faced with the needs of the new state for economic stability, government officials abandoned the plan by 1921. In 1970, internal demographic concerns and increasing international evidence led the Ministry of Health to again attempt to stamp out tobacco. While policy was made, implementation was weak and the economic dislocations of the 1980s saw the vast importation of foreign brands to stabilize the government and the collapse of this second campaign against tobacco.
Subject(s)
Demography , Government Programs , Health Promotion , Nicotiana , Public Health , Socioeconomic Factors , Tobacco Use Cessation , Government Programs/economics , Government Programs/education , Government Programs/history , Government Programs/legislation & jurisprudence , Health Promotion/economics , Health Promotion/history , Health Promotion/legislation & jurisprudence , History, 20th Century , Mass Media/economics , Mass Media/history , Mass Media/legislation & jurisprudence , Political Systems/history , Public Health/economics , Public Health/education , Public Health/history , Public Health/legislation & jurisprudence , Social Behavior , Social Change/history , Tobacco Industry/economics , Tobacco Industry/education , Tobacco Industry/history , Tobacco Industry/legislation & jurisprudence , Tobacco Use Cessation/economics , Tobacco Use Cessation/ethnology , Tobacco Use Cessation/history , Tobacco Use Cessation/psychology , Tobacco Use Disorder/economics , Tobacco Use Disorder/ethnology , Tobacco Use Disorder/history , Tobacco Use Disorder/psychology , USSR/ethnologyABSTRACT
El consumo de cigarrillos es la primera causa de morbi-mortalidad de las sociedades desarrolladas. Para reducirla, y para ayudar a muchos fumadores a dejar de fumar, se han desarrollado distintos tratamientos. El tratamiento psicológico para la adicción a la nicotina se lleva aplicando desde hace 40 años y de modo eficaz. En este artículo se revisa la evidencia existente sobre su eficacia siguiendo distintas fuentes. Toda la información científica disponible en revisiones, meta-análisis y guías clínicas permiten concluir que hay tratamientos psicológicos eficaces, siendo de elección la terapia conductual multicomponente. No hay evidencia de que la eficacia del tratamiento psicológico se incremente añadiendo terapia farmacológica (ej., terapia sustitutiva de nicotina). Aunque también existen tratamientos farmacológicos eficaces éstos sólo son eficaces añadiéndoles consejo conductual. Finalmente, se analiza el estado del tratamiento psicológico en España para la adicción a la nicotina, las barreras existentes para una mayor difusión del mismo y la necesidad de que los psicólogos nos impliquemos más en el tratamiento psicológico de los fumadores (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Tobacco Use Disorder/therapy , Psychotherapy/methods , Behavior Therapy/methods , Tobacco Use Cessation/history , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OVERVIEW: A number of significant events and research findings during the past 15 years have led to the dental profession's growing involvement in tobacco-use intervention activities. The author presents an overview of events and people responsible for the progress in furthering the cause of dentistry's activism in tobacco-use prevention and control. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Dentistry has led the health professions in establishing a protocol for the prevention of tobacco use, a health behavior that causes or contributes to various oral diseases and adverse conditions. Dentists practicing in the 21st century cannot ignore patients' tobacco use. Treatment prognoses for periodontal therapy, wound healing, dental implants, cosmetic treatments and cancer therapy all are compromised by patients' tobacco use. Dentists must know what to do and say to prevent patients' tobacco use and aid patients in its cessation.
Subject(s)
Tobacco Industry/history , Tobacco Use Cessation/history , American Dental Association/history , Congresses as Topic/history , History, 20th Century , Humans , Mouth Neoplasms/etiology , Mouth Neoplasms/history , Periodontal Diseases/etiology , Periodontal Diseases/history , Pharyngeal Neoplasms/etiology , Pharyngeal Neoplasms/history , Plants, Toxic , Smoking/adverse effects , Smoking/history , Tobacco Industry/legislation & jurisprudence , Tobacco, Smokeless/adverse effects , Tobacco, Smokeless/history , United StatesABSTRACT
O tabagismo é considerado a principal causa evitável de doença e de morte em vários países do mundo. Nos Estados Unidos, estatísticas recentes demonstram que cerca de 450.000 pessoas por ano morrem de doenças relacionadas, direta ou indiretamente, ao tabagismo, e este número corresponde a 20 por cento de todos os óbitos. No Brasil estima-se que 150.000 óbitos ocorram devido ao tabagismo. Em todo o mundo - que conta com um bilhäo de fumantes -, cerca de três milhöes de pessoas morrem anualmente por fumarem. O início da grande batalha contra o tabagismo teve seu marco em 1964 quando a Sociedade de Cirurgiöes Gerais dos Estados Unidos alertava para a importante relaçäo entre tabagismo e câncer de pulmäo. A partir daí várias outras neoplasias como as da cavidade oral, trato respiratório, neoplasias das vias urinárias, neoplasias de pâncreas, assim como linfomas e neoplasias ginecológicas, foram também relacionadas ao hábito de fumar. As doenças cardiovasculares, principal causa de morbidade e mortalidade em países como os Estados Unidos, têm muito bem estabelecida sua relaçäo com o hábito de fumar. No transcorrer deste capítulo estaremos abordando, entäo, algumas condutas importantes na supressäo deste vício, visando reduzir a incidência do câncer de pulmäo, das doenças pulmonares obstrutivas, doenças cardiovasculares e neoplasias passíveis de relaçäo com o tabagismo.