ABSTRACT
Glyphosate formulations, widely applied non-selective systemic herbicides, are progressively becoming the most controversial pesticides on the market due the adverse effects they pose to humans and environment. The information on these potential hazardous effects to the handlers of the pesticide remains obscure. This study investigated effects of glyphosate-based herbicide on growth performance, seminal parameters and hemato-biochemical profiles in male guinea pig. Forty sexually mature male guinea pigs weighing between 393.3 and 418.4 g were divided into four groups of 10 animals each and orally administered 0, 186, 280 and 560 mg/kg body weight of WILLOSATE daily for 60 days. Daily feed intake and body weight gain were recorded. At the end of experimental period all animals were humanely sacrificed, and blood samples and vital organs were collected for appropriate analysis. Results showed a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in body weight gain (-102.2%), final body weight (-9.8%) and feed intake (-13.1%) of animals following sub-chronic exposure of WILLOSATE. The weights of the liver and kidney increased significantly (p < 0.05) by 25.4% and 28.8%, respectively, while testicular weights decreased (p < 0.05) by 24% with increasing doses of WILLOSATE. A decrease in sperm motility (-67.9%), viability (-52.7%) and concentration per vas deferens (-40.7%), and an increase in sperm major (28.1%) and minor (45.3%) morphological aberrations were recorded in WILLOSATE - exposed guinea pigs when compared to controls. There was a dose-dependent increase (p < 0.05) in MCV and WBC and a decrease in Hb content and RBC, as well as serum content in total protein (-11.8%). The serum content of cholesterol (37.8%), urea (87.1%), creatinine (22.4%), ALAT (74.2%) and ASAT (88.7%) were significantly higher in treated groups compared to controls. These results point toward the toxic effects of WILLOSATE on vital organs and reproductive function of the body at high doses and long-term exposure.
Subject(s)
Glycine/analogs & derivatives , Guinea Pigs/physiology , Herbicides/toxicity , Organ Size/drug effects , Spermatozoa/drug effects , Weight Gain/drug effects , Animals , Blood Chemical Analysis/veterinary , Glycine/toxicity , Guinea Pigs/growth & development , Hematologic Tests/veterinary , Male , Random Allocation , Toxicity Tests, Subchronic/veterinary , GlyphosateABSTRACT
In this study, African Catfish (also known as Sharptooth Catfish) Clarias gariepinus were exposed to sublethal concentrations of fenthion of 2.0, 4.0, and 8.0 mg/L for 21 d and allowed to recover for 7 d to investigate the potential for hematological changes. Whole blood was sampled on days 1, 7, 14, and 21 postexposure and after a 7-d recovery period. During exposure, fenthion caused a reduction in red blood cell counts, hemoglobin concentration, and packed cell volume. There was an increase in white blood cell counts but no significant difference in mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular volume, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin. Both increases and decreases were observed in white blood cell differentials. After the 7-d recovery period, both increases and decreases were observed in the hematological parameters. These results reveal that sublethal concentrations of fenthion can cause hematological alterations in African Catfish and that the substance should be used with caution. Received October 20, 2015; accepted May 4, 2016.
Subject(s)
Catfishes/blood , Fenthion/toxicity , Insecticides/toxicity , Liver/drug effects , Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity , Animals , Catfishes/metabolism , Female , Hematologic Tests/veterinary , Liver/blood supply , Male , Toxicity Tests, Subchronic/veterinaryABSTRACT
Las ventajas tecnológicas de la incorporación de arcillas modificadas en polímeros para el envasado de alimentos son bien conocidas, pero aún quedan muchas incertidumbres sobre la seguridad de estos materiales. El Instituto Tecnológico del Embalaje, Transporte y Logística ha desarrollado una arcilla, Clay1, modificando una montmorillonita con una sal de amonio cuaternario. Esta organoarcilla, incorporada al polímero (ácido poliláctico), da lugar a un material nanocompuesto, reforzándose así el material de partida. El principal objetivo de este estudio es evaluar la actividad de biomarcadores de estrés oxidativo en bazo de ratas expuestas durante 90 días a Clay1 (40 mg/kg/día) y al extracto de migración obtenido a partir del material nanocompuesto resultante. Los parámetros evaluados fueron la peroxidación lipídica y las actividades enzimáticas superóxido dismutasa y catalasa. Además, se realizó un análisis del contenido en bazo de los metales más característicos que componen la organoarcilla (Al, Ca, Fe, Mg, Si) para comprobar su posible acumulación. En dicho estudio se trabajó con tres grupos de ratas Wistar (n=10): control (comida estándar + agua como bebida), Clay1 (comida estándar mezclada con 40mg/kg/día de arcilla + agua) y extracto de Clay1 (comida estándar + extracto como bebida). Tras el tiempo de exposición los animales se sacrificaron y se extrajo el bazo. De forma general, no se observaron diferencias significativas en ninguno de los parámetros evaluados con respecto al grupo control, por lo que Clay1 muestra un buen perfil toxicológico respecto a los biomarcadores ensayados con vistas a su uso en la industria alimentaria (AU)
The technological advantages of the incorporation of modified clays into polymers for food packaging are well known. However, there are still many uncertainties about the safety of these materials. The Technological Institute of Packaging, Transport and Logistic has developed Clay1, a modified clay with a quaternary ammonium salt. This organoclay is incorporated into the polymer (polylactic acid), giving a nanocomposite material and reinforcing the bulk material. The aim of this study is to evaluate the activity of several oxidative stress biomarkers in the spleen of rats exposed for 90 days to Clay1 (40 mg/kg/day) and its migration extract obtained from the resultant nanocomposite material. The parameters evaluated were lipid peroxidation and superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. Moreover, the characteristic metallic components of the organoclay (Al, Ca, Fe, Mg, Si) were also analyzed to test the possible accumulation. In this study, three groups of Wistar rats (n=10) were used: control (standard food + water), Clay1 (food with Clay1+water) and Clay1 extract (standard food+ Clay1 extract as water). After the exposure the spleen was removed. In general, no significant differences were observed in any of the parameters evaluated compared to the control group, therefore Clay1 showed a good toxicologic profile regarding the biomarkers assayed for its use in the food industry (AU)
