ABSTRACT
Listeriosis and toxoplasmosis are foodborne illnesses that can have long-term consequences when contracted during pregnancy. Listeriosis is implicated in stillbirth, preterm labor, newborn sepsis, and meningitis, among other complications. Toxoplasmosis is associated with blindness, cognitive delays, seizures, and hearing loss, among other significant disabilities. Healthcare providers who understand the fundamentals of Listeria and Toxoplasma infection will have the tools to identify symptoms and high-risk behaviors, educate women to make safer decisions, and provide anticipatory guidance if a pregnant woman would become infected with either of these foodborne illnesses.
Subject(s)
Listeriosis , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious , Toxoplasmosis , Female , Foodborne Diseases/diagnosis , Foodborne Diseases/nursing , Foodborne Diseases/prevention & control , Foodborne Diseases/psychology , Health Personnel , Humans , Listeriosis/complications , Listeriosis/diagnosis , Listeriosis/nursing , Listeriosis/therapy , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/diagnosis , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/nursing , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/prevention & control , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/psychology , Professional Role , Risk Factors , Risk Reduction Behavior , Toxoplasmosis/complications , Toxoplasmosis/diagnosis , Toxoplasmosis/nursing , Toxoplasmosis/therapyABSTRACT
This article provides a clinical nursing update on major neurological complications associated with HIV and AIDS. Life expectancy for those with AIDS has increased as a consequence of antiretroviral therapy, and thus, neurological complications remain a clinical challenge. Four significant diseases associated with HIV and AIDS are addressed: HIV-associated dementia, peripheral neuropathy, cryptococcal meningitis, and toxoplasmosis. Updated statistics, a review of pathophysiology, common manifestations, diagnostic tests, and standard treatments are discussed for each disease. Nursing considerations when caring for this population are reviewed and include assessment, safety, activities of daily living, pain management, and treatment adherence.
Subject(s)
AIDS Dementia Complex/nursing , Meningitis, Cryptococcal/nursing , Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/nursing , Specialties, Nursing/methods , Toxoplasmosis/nursing , AIDS Dementia Complex/diagnosis , AIDS Dementia Complex/therapy , Humans , Meningitis, Cryptococcal/diagnosis , Meningitis, Cryptococcal/therapy , Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/diagnosis , Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/therapy , Toxoplasmosis/diagnosis , Toxoplasmosis/therapySubject(s)
Host-Parasite Interactions , Toxoplasma , Toxoplasmosis/nursing , Animals , Brain/parasitology , Cats , Dopamine/metabolism , Female , Host-Parasite Interactions/physiology , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Mice , Pregnancy , Rats , Toxoplasma/pathogenicity , Toxoplasmosis/parasitology , Toxoplasmosis/transmission , Toxoplasmosis, Congenital/nursing , Toxoplasmosis, Congenital/parasitology , VirulenceSubject(s)
Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Nurse's Role , Patient Education as Topic/methods , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/nursing , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/prevention & control , Adult , Botulism/nursing , Botulism/prevention & control , Escherichia coli Infections/nursing , Escherichia coli Infections/prevention & control , Female , Food Contamination/prevention & control , Food Microbiology , Hepatitis E/nursing , Hepatitis E/prevention & control , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Pregnancy , Toxoplasmosis/nursing , Toxoplasmosis/prevention & control , United StatesSubject(s)
Midwifery/methods , Mothers/education , Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic/nursing , Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic/prevention & control , Toxoplasmosis/nursing , Toxoplasmosis/prevention & control , Female , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Humans , Nurse's Role , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic/diagnosis , Prenatal Diagnosis/methods , Primary Prevention/methods , Risk Factors , Toxoplasmosis/diagnosisSubject(s)
Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Midwifery/organization & administration , Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic/prevention & control , Toxoplasmosis/prevention & control , Animal Welfare , Animals , Cats , Female , Humans , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/prevention & control , Maternal Welfare , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic/nursing , Toxoplasmosis/nursingSubject(s)
Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/nursing , Virus Diseases/congenital , Chickenpox/congenital , Cytomegalovirus Infections/congenital , Female , Herpes Simplex/congenital , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Pregnancy , Rubella/congenital , Toxoplasmosis/nursing , Toxoplasmosis, Congenital/nursing , Virus Diseases/nursingABSTRACT
Major issues related to TORCH (toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalo virus, and herpes virus) perinatal infection are of concern to maternity and neonatal nurses. General and congenital modes of transmission, associated congenital defects, incidence of infection, and relative fetal/neonatal effects of primary as compared to recurrent maternal infection are described. Associated nursing implications emphasizing prenatal prevention and early detection, intrapartal management, neonatal symptom detection, and nursery infection control as well as concerns about breastfeeding with maternal TORCH are discussed.