Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging characterization of acute rejection in a porcine heterotopic heart transplantation model.

Preclinical disease models are important for the advancement of therapeutics towards human clinical trials. One of the difficult tasks of developing a well-characterized model is having a reliable modality with which to trend the progression of disease. Acute rejection is one of the most devastating complications that can occur following organ transplantation. Specifically in cardiac transplantation, approximately 12% of patients will experience at least one episode of moderate or severe acute rejection in the first year. Currently, the gold standard for monitoring rejection in the clinical setting is to perform serial endomyocardial biopsies for direct histological assessment. However, this is difficult to reproduce in a porcine model of acute rejection in cardiac transplantation where the heart is heterotopically transplanted in an abdominal position. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging is arising as an alternative for serial screening for acute rejection in cardiac transplantation. This is an exploratory study to create and define a standardized cardiac magnetic resonance screening protocol for characterizing changes associated with the presence of acute rejection in this preclinical model of disease. Results demonstrate that increases in T1 mapping, T2 mapping, left ventricular mass, and in late gadolinium enhancement are significantly correlated with presence of acute rejection.

Heterotopic ovarian allotransplantation in a caprine model: Effects of implant site on morphological parameters.

This study aimed to investigate a new implantation site (intra-auricular subcutaneous - IA) compared to intramuscular (IM) in the cervical portion (cervical splenius muscle) of the neck for ovarian transplantation in goats. Morphological aspects of the implant, follicular activation and morphology, and type I and III collagen deposits of the transplanted tissue were evaluated. Four fragments of the ovarian cortex were allotransplanted at the IA and IM sites in all goat recipients and recovered 7 (IA-7; IM-7) or 15 (IA-15; IM-15) days later and submitted to histological analysis. Two fragments/animal were separated for the fresh control (FC) group. There was a higher percentage of normal and developing primordial follicles at the IA-7 site (P < 0.05) compared to the other treatments, with similar values to the fresh control. Type I and III collagen fibers differed between the groups (P < 0.05), showing a considerable decrease in type I collagen fibers at the IA-7 site compared to the FC. However, the IM-7 and IA-15 sites showed higher values of type I collagen fibers, showing similarity to the FC. Therefore, we conclude that the IA site in goats is an effective site for ovarian tissue transplantation, as it is easily accessible, low invasive and has presented satisfactory rates of morphology and follicular activation.

The impact of heterotopic ovarian tissue transplantation with varied volumes on reproductive endocrine function in oophorectomized rats.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the effects of different volumes of ovarian tissue transplantation on the reproductive endocrine function of rats after oophorectomy. METHODS: Female rats were selected to establish a castration model and then underwent different volumes of ovarian tissue transplantation. Group I served as the sham operation group. The transplantation group was divided into five subgroups based on the calculated ratio of ovarian weight to body weight in normal female rats, δ = (2.52 ± 0.17) ×10-4: Group II: transplanted ovarian volume was δ; Group III: 0.75δ; Group IV: 0.5δ; Group V: 0.25δ; Group VI: without ovarian transplantation. The post-transplant oestrous cycle recovery was observed, and blood samples were collected every 2 weeks to measure serum hormone levels. Histological evaluation was performed at the end of the observation period. RESULTS: Rats in Group V exhibited disrupted oestrous cycles after transplantation, which were significantly longer than those in Group I. Rats in Groups II, III, and IV showed no cyclic changes. At 6 weeks post-transplantation, rats in Group V had lower E2 and AMH levels and higher FSH levels compared to Group I. The uterine wet weight and the number of normal follicles in Group V were significantly lower than those in Group I, but the number of atretic follicles was higher than in Group I. CONCLUSION: The larger ovarian tissue transplantation resulted in a faster recovery with a higher survival rate of the uterus and normal follicles, compared to smaller ovarian tissue transplantation.

With advancements in science and technology, ovarian transplantation techniques have become increasingly mature. However, there are still many questions that need to be addressed. For instance, the large size of the transplanted ovarian tissues may cause over-recruitment of the primordial follicles. When the transplanted ovarian tissue is too small, it can only exert limited functionality and may not meet the patient's needs. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different volumes of ovarian tissue transplantation on the reproductive endocrine function in rats after oophorectomy, and to provide a theoretical basis for determining the minimum effective volume of heterotopic ovarian tissue transplantation.

Hemodynamics in pig-to-baboon heterotopic thoracic cardiac xenotransplantation: Recovery from perioperative cardiac xenograft dysfunction and impairment by cardiac overgrowth.

INTRODUCTION: Orthotopic cardiac xenotransplantation has seen notable improvement, leading to the first compassionate use in 2022. However, it remains challenging to define the clinical application of cardiac xenotransplantation, including the back-up strategy in case of xenograft failure. In this regard, the heterotopic thoracic technique could be an alternative to the orthotopic procedure. We present hemodynamic data of heterotopic thoracic pig-to-baboon transplantation experiments, focusing on perioperative xenograft dysfunction and xenograft overgrowth. METHODS: We used 17 genetically modified piglets as donors for heterotopic thoracic xenogeneic cardiac transplantation into captive-bred baboons. In all animals, pressure probes were implanted in the graft's left ventricle and the recipient's ascending aorta and hemodynamic data (graft pressure, aortic pressure and recipient's heart rate) were recorded continuously. RESULTS: Aortic pressures and heart rates of the recipients' hearts were postoperatively stable in all experiments. After reperfusion, three grafts presented with low left ventricular pressure indicating perioperative cardiac dysfunction (PCXD). These animals recovered from PCXD within 48 h under support of the recipient's heart and there was no difference in survival compared to the other 14 ones. After 48 h, graft pressure increased up to 200 mmHg in all 17 animals with two different time-patterns. This led to a progressive gradient between graft and aortic pressure. With increasing gradient, the grafts stopped contributing to cardiac output. Grafts showed a marked weight increase from implantation to explantation. CONCLUSION: The heterotopic thoracic cardiac xenotransplantation technique is a possible method to overcome PCXD in early clinical trials and an experimental tool to get a better understanding of PCXD. The peculiar hemodynamic situation of increasing graft pressure but missing graft's output indicates outflow tract obstruction due to cardiac overgrowth. The heterotopic thoracic technique should be successful when using current strategies of immunosuppression, organ preservation and donor pigs with smaller body and organ size.

Animal models for partial heart transplantation.

BACKGROUND: Partial heart transplantation delivers growing heart valve implants by transplanting the part of the heart containing the necessary heart valve only. In contrast to heart transplantation, partial heart transplantation spares the native ventricles. This has important implications for partial heart transplant biology, including the allowable ischemia time, optimal graft preservation, primary graft dysfunction, immune rejection, and optimal immunosuppression. AIMS: Exploration of partial heart transplant biology will depend on suitable animal models. Here we review our experience with partial heart transplantation in rodents, piglets, and non-human primates. MATERIALS & METHODS: This review is based on our experience with partial heart transplantation using over 100 rodents, over 50 piglets and one baboon. RESULTS: Suitable animal models for partial heart transplantation include rodent heterotopic partial heart transplantation, piglet orthotopic partial heart transplantation, and non-human primate partial heart xenotransplantation. DISCUSSION: Rodent models are relatively cheap and offer extensive availability of research tools. However, rodent open-heart surgery is technically not feasible. This limits rodents to heterotopic partial heart transplant models. Piglets are comparable in size to children. This allows for open-heart surgery using clinical grade equipment for orthoptic partial heart transplantation. Piglets also grow rapidly, which is useful for studying partial heart transplant growth. Finally, nonhuman primates are immunologically most closely related to humans. Therefore, nonhuman primates are most suitable for studying partial heart transplant immunobiology and xenotransplantation. CONCLUSIONS: Animal research is a privilege that is contingent on utilitarian ethics and the 3R principles of replacement, reduction and refinement. This privilege allows the research community to seek fundamental knowledge about partial heart transplantation, and to apply this knowledge to enhance the health of children who require partial heart transplants.

Determination of Maximum Tolerable Cold Ischemia Time in a Mouse Model of Cervical Heterotopic Uterus Transplantation.

BACKGROUND: Uterus transplantation (UTx) is an emerging treatment for uterine factor infertility. Determining the maximum tolerable cold ischemia time is crucial for successful UTx. However, the limit for cold ischemia in the uterus is unclear. This study aimed to examine cold ischemia's effects on mouse uteri and identify the maximum cold ischemia duration that uteri can endure. METHODS: We systematically assessed the tolerance of mouse uteri to extended cold ischemia, 24 h, 36 h, and 48 h, using the cervical heterotopic UTx model. Multiple indicators were used to evaluate ischemia-reperfusion injury, including reperfusion duration, macroscopic examination, oxidative stress, inflammation, and histopathology. The function of transplants was evaluated through estrous cycle monitoring and embryo transfer. RESULTS: Mouse uteri subjected to 48 h of cold ischemia exhibited significant delays and insufficiencies in reperfusion, substantial tissue necrosis, and loss of the estrous cycle. Conversely, uteri that underwent cold ischemia within 36 h showed long survival, regular estrous cycles, and fertility. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrated that mouse uteri can endure at least 36 h of cold ischemia, extending the known limits for cold ischemia and providing a pivotal reference for research on the prevention and treatment of cold ischemic injury in UTx.

Reparación de aneurisma complejo de arteria renal izquierda: nefrectomía laparoscópica, reconstrucción en banco y autotrasplante heterotópico / Repair of complex left renal artery aneurysm: laparoscopic nephrectomy, ex vivo reconstruction and heterotopic autotransplantation

Los aneurismas de la arteria renal son entidades clínicas poco frecuentes. Si bien la mayoría de casos son asintomáticos y se detectan incidentalmente, su rotura se asocia a elevadas tasas de mortalidad y de pérdida del riñón, lo que afecta a los supervivientes. Aunque la mayoría de estos aneurismas pueden tratarse mediante técnicas de reparación endovascular o in situ, esto puede no ser posible en pacientes con aneurismas complejos, como aquellos localizados en la bifurcación arterial. Presentamos el caso de un aneurisma renal complejo tratado satisfactoriamente mediante nefrectomía laparoscópica, reconstrucción vascular en banco y autotrasplante heterotópico.(AU)

renal artery aneurysms are rare clinical entities. While most cases are asymptomatic and detected incidentally, rupture is associated with high mortality rates and loss of the aff ected kidney in survivors. although most of these aneurysms can be treated by endovascular or in situ repair techniques, this may not be possible in patients with complex aneurysms, such as those located at the arterial bifurcation. We present a case of complex renal aneurysm successfully treated by laparoscopic nephrectomy, ex vivo vascular reconstruction, and heterotopic autotransplantation.(AU)

Heterotopic heart transplantation as a left ventricular biological assistance: a new two-stage method proposal

Abstract Since Barnard's first heterotopic heart transplant in 1974, Copeland's method has been the greatest contribution to heterotopic transplants but has the drawback of donor's right ventricular atrophy. This new method proposes a modification in the anastomosis of the superior vena cava aiming to pre-serve donor's right ventricular function by decompressing the pulmonary territory and reducing the pulmonary arterial pressure, as a biological ventricular assist device. Finally, a second intervention is proposed, where a "twist" is performed to place the donor's heart in an orthotopic position after re-moval of the native heart. A pioneering research on this method received approval from the ethics committee of the Heart Institute of São Paulo. We believe that this method has the potential to im-prove quality of life in a selected group of patients.

Membrana amniótica, aplicaciones clínicas e ingeniería tisular. Revisión de su uso oftalmológico / Amniotic membrane, clinical applications and tissue engineering. Review of its ophthalmic use

La utilización de la membrana amniótica en la oftalmología está en alza en los últimos años debido a: sus múltiples propiedades biológicas y tectónicas, la mejora en el proceso de su obtención, la facilidad de uso y el avance en la ingeniería tisular. La membrana amniótica se ha convertido en uno de los principales tratamientos coadyuvantes, tanto en la cirugía oftalmológica como en otras especialidades médico-quirúrgicas. El desarrollo de la ingeniería tisular ha permitido su utilización no solo en su forma clásica sino también mediante gotas y otras presentaciones. A lo largo del artículo hemos realizado un resumen de los distintos pasos previos a su uso (preparación y conservación), de las distintas técnicas quirúrgicas y de sus principales aplicaciones clínicas

The use of amniotic membrane in ophthalmology has been increasing in recent years due to its multiple biological and tectonic properties, improvement in the process of obtaining, ease of use, and advancement in tissue engineering. The amniotic membrane has become one of the main adjuvant treatments, in ophthalmic surgery as well as in other medical-surgical specialties. The development of tissue engineering has allowed it to be used, not only in its classic form, but also by the use of drops and other presentations. The different steps prior to its use (preparation and conservation), the different surgical techniques, and their main clinical applications are described throughout the article

Tratamientos percutáneos de la valvulopatía tricuspídea: una nueva esperanza para la válvula «olvidada» / Percutaneous treatment of the tricuspid valve disease: new hope for the 'forgotten' valve

La insuficiencia tricuspídea es una enfermedad prevalente, pero aún está infratratada. En ausencia de otra valvulopatía concomitante, son pocos los pacientes a los que se indica una intervención quirúrgica para reparar solamente la válvula tricúspide. Además, esta intervención se asocia con mal pronóstico, especialmente en pacientes con antecedentes de cirugía cardiaca. A pesar del impacto de la insuficiencia tricuspídea en la supervivencia, se considera que la mayoría de los pacientes son tributarios únicamente de tratamiento médico. Los tratamientos percutáneos de la válvula tricúspide suponen una prometedora alternativa para los pacientes con alto riesgo quirúrgico. En los últimos años se han desarrollado e implantado con éxito varios dispositivos percutáneos. Las técnicas de imagen tienen un papel indispensable en la selección de pacientes, como guía del procedimiento y en el seguimiento posterior. Los diferentes dispositivos disponibles se pueden dividir en 3 tipos: dispositivos que mejoran la coaptación valvular, implante transcatéter de válvulas en la vena cava y dispositivos de anuloplastia percutánea. Para los pacientes con una bioprótesis o anillo tricuspídeo disfuncionante, el implante transcatéter de válvulas aórticas o pulmonares es una alternativa a la reintervención quirúrgica. Esta revisión analiza en detalle los nuevos dispositivos percutáneos y los aspectos más relevantes de la anatomía y la evaluación de la válvula tricúspide (AU)

Tricuspid valve disease is a frequent condition but is currently undertreated. A limited number of patients undergo an isolated surgical tricuspid repair, and this intervention is associated with poor outcomes, especially in patients with previous cardiac surgery. Most patients are only medically treated, despite the impact of severe tricuspid regurgitation on functional status and long-term survival. Transcatheter therapies represent a promising alternative for patients with severe tricuspid regurgitation and high surgical risk. In the last few years, several percutaneous alternatives have been developed for the treatment of functional tricuspid regurgitation. Imaging techniques play an indispensable role in patient selection, procedural guidance and follow-up. The current available transcatheter options for native tricuspid valve disease can be divided into 3 main groups: heterotopic caval valve implantation, annuloplasty devices, and coaptation devices. In patients with previous tricuspid valve surgery, transcatheter valve-in-valve and valve-in-ring procedures have been reported. This review provides a detailed analysis of the novel transcatheter alternatives for the treatment of tricuspid valve disease that have already been successfully implanted in humans, as well as the most important aspects of tricuspid valve anatomy and imaging assessment (AU)

Review of Heterotopic Thyroid Autotransplantation

Total thyroidectomy is increasingly accepted for the management of bilateral benign thyroid disorders. Postoperatively, patients require lifelong levothyroxine replacement therapy to avoid postoperative hypothyroidism, which besides the burden of compliance, has been proven to be associated with several long-term side effects. Heterotopic thyroid autotransplantation was proposed several decades ago to avoid the need for life-long postoperative replacement therapy with maintaining the autoregulatory mechanism of thyroxin production inside the body according to its needs. Available data regarding this topic in literature is relatively poor. Before applying thyroid autotransplantation on humans, several studies have been done on animals, where the autologous transplantations were found to be successful in almost all the cases, proved by follow up postoperative 8-week measurements of thyroid hormones and histopathological examination of the removed autografts. Regarding the clinical application, few trials have been done using cryopreserved in vivo, in vitro or immediately autotransplanted thyroid autografts. Satisfactory results were obtained, however, the number of these studies and the number of patients per each study was very low. Besides the study methodologies were not so consistent.

Estudio hemodinámico, metabólico e histopatológico de un modelo porcino de trasplante auxiliar heterotópico hepático con arterialización portal / A hemodynamic, metabolic and histopathological study of a heterotopic auxiliary swine liver graft with portal vein arterialization

INTRODUCCIÓN: El trasplante auxiliar heterotópico hepático con arterialización de la vena porta (TAHH-AVP) es un modelo poco estudiado a pesar de su potencial terapéutico. El objetivo del estudio es valorar la respuesta hemodinámica y bioquímica durante el implante y analizar la repercusión de la arterialización portal en la funcionalidad y morfología hepática. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio hemodinámico y bioquímico durante el implante auxiliar en un modelo porcino (n = 15 TAHH-AVP). Además, se analizaron las consecuencias de la arterialización portal sobre la arquitectura hepática mediante un estudio ultraestructural. RESULTADOS: La reperfusión del injerto arterializado aumentó la frecuencia cardiaca (FC) respecto a los valores basales (p = 0,004) y a la fase del pinzamiento de la vena cava (p = 0,004) y disminuyó las resistencias vasculares sistémicas respecto a la fase del pinzamiento de la vena cava (p = 0,021). Al final del implante, el gasto cardiaco permaneció elevado (p = 0,001), al igual que la FC respecto a la fase basal (p = 0,002). La presión arterial media disminuyó con el pinzamiento venoso, pero no se vio afectada ni por la reperfusión del injerto ni por el cierre de la piel. Todas las muestras histológicas obtenidas a los 3, 10 y 21 días conservaron su morfología y arquitectura hepáticas. Si bien se observaron algunos focos de necrosis perilobular el día 3 (p = 0,049) y proliferación conectiva perilobular el día 10 (p = 0,007), respecto al hígado nativo. CONCLUSIONES: El trasplante del injerto hepático arterializado descrito minimiza el número de anastomosis vasculares respecto a los modelos previamente publicados, presenta una buena tolerancia hemodinámica y metabólica, y la arterialización portal del injerto no produce cambios significativos en la histología hepática

BACKGROUND: Auxiliary heterotopic liver transplantation with portal vein arterialization (AHLT-PVA) is a model that has been hardly studied, despite its therapeutic potential. METHODS: Hemodynamic and biochemical characterization was carried out during graft implantation, in a pig-to-pig model (n = 15 AHLT-PVA). Furthermore a histopathological study was performed to establish microscopic alterations due to PVA. RESULTS: Reperfusion of the arterialized graft produced an increase in heart rate (HR) vs. baseline (P=.004) and vs. inferior vena cava clamping phase (P=.004); and a decrease in systemic vascular resistance vs. cava clamping phase (P=.021). At the end of implantation, cardiac output remained elevated (P=.001), likewise HR remained increased vs. baseline phase (P=.002). Mean arterial pressure decreased with cava clamping, but was not affected by the reperfusion of the graft, nor the skin closure. The histopathological study at 3, 10, and 21 days post-PVA revealed that functional liver structure was maintained although it is common to find foci of perilobular necrosis on day 3 (P=.049), and perilobular connective tissue proliferation at day 10 (P=.007), vs. native liver. CONCLUSIONS: The described arterialized liver graft model minimizes the number of vascular anastomoses vs. previously described models. It is hemodynamically and metabolically well tolerated and the double arterial vascularization of the graft does not cause significant changes in liver histology

Establishment and comparison of stoma and stoma-free heterotopic small intestine transplantation models in mice / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish stoma and stoma-free murine models of heterotopic small intestine transplantation in order to choose a more effective and reliable model.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 140 male 8-10 weeks age C57BL/6(B6) mice weighted 25-30 g were enrolled in the experiment. Syngeneic heterotopic small intestine transplantation was performed between C57BL/6 mice, and recipient mice were divided into either stoma or stoma-free group. Heterotopic small intestine transplantation was performed in 70 mice, with 35 mice in each group. After closing the proximal end of the graft by ligation, the distal end of graft was exteriorized as a stoma then secured to the skin of the abdominal wall in stoma group. In stoma-free group, the distal end of graft was anastomosed end-to-side to the recipient ileum. Successful rate of operation, two-week survival rate, operation time, associated complications, postoperative care time and body weight change were recorded and compared between two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The successful rate of stoma group was 65.7%, while it was 80.0% of stoma-free group (χ(2)=1.806, P=0.179). The operation time of donor in stoma group was (48.1±6.6) minutes, while it was (47.2±5.9) minutes in stoma-free group (t=0.598, P=0.552). The operation time of recipient in stoma group was (77.9±9.1) minutes, while it was (76.4±8.3) minutes in stoma-free group (t=0.683, P=0.497). The cold ischemic time of graft in stoma group was (34.7±4.0) minutes, while it was (33.9±4.6) minutes in stoma-free group(t=0.667, P=0.507). The two-week survival rate of stoma group was 45.7%, and it was 77.1% of stoma-free group(χ(2)=7.295, P=0.007). The stoma group had more complications[54.3%(19/35) vs. 22.9%(8/35), χ(2)=7.295, P=0.007], which needed more postoperative care time(191 min vs. 35 min). The weight loss in stoma group in the third day after operation was more significant [(81.52±5.20)% vs. (85.46±4.65)%, t=2.856, P=0.006]. By 2 weeks after operation, the weight of mice in both groups retruned to 95% of the postoperative wight.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The murine heteropotic small intestine transplantation model with stoma-free appears to be more reasonable and reliable.</p>

Cell therapy in the treatment of bronchiolitis obliterans in a murine model / Terapia celular no tratamento da bronquiolite obliterante em modelo murino

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the importance of stem cells derived from adipose tissue in reducing graft inflammation in a murine model of allogeneic heterotopic tracheal transplant. METHODS:We performed a heterotopic tracheal allografting in dorsal subcutaneous pouch and systemically injected 5x105 mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissue. The animals were divided into two groups according to the time of sacrifice: T7 and T21. We also carried out histological analysis and digital morphometry. RESULTS:The T7 animals treated with cell therapy had median obstructed graft area of 0 versus 0.54 of controls (p = 0.635). The treated T21 subjects had median obstructed graft area of 0.25 versus 0 in controls (p = 0.041). CONCLUSION:The systemically injected cell therapy in experimental murine model of bronchiolitis obliterans did not reduce the severity of the allograft inflammation in a statistically significant way in seven days; Conversely, in 21 days, it increased the allograft inflammatory process.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a importância das células-tronco derivadas de tecido adiposo na redução do processo inflamatório no enxerto em modelo murino de transplante traqueal heterotópico alogênico. MÉTODOS:Foi realizado alotransplante traqueal heterotópico em bolsa dorsal subcutânea e injetado 5x105 células-tronco mesenquimais, derivadas de tecido adiposo, sistemicamente. Os animais foram distribuídos em dois grupos, conforme o tempo de sacrifício: T7 e T21. Procedida a análise em HE e morfometria digital. RESULTADOS:Os T7 tratados com terapia celular apresentaram mediana de área obstruída do enxerto de 0 contra 0,54 dos controles (p=0,635). Os T21 tratados apresentaram mediana de área obstruída da luz do enxerto de 0,25 nos tratados e 0 nos controles (p=0,041). CONCLUSÃO: A terapia celular injetada sistemicamente em modelo experimental murino de bronquiolite obliterante não reduziu a gravidade do processo inflamatório no aloenxerto de forma estatisticamente significativa em sete dias; de modo contrário, em 21 dias, aumentou o processo inflamatório no aloenxerto.

Transforming Growth Factor -beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) immunoreactivity in heterotopic grafts of adult dental apical papilla / Inmunoreactividad del Factor Transformador del Crecimiento-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) en la papila apical dental adulta heterotópicamente trasplantada

To analyze the expression of transforming growth factor-beta 1 inheterotopic grafts of adult dental apical papilla. Methodology: The apical papilla of adult Wistar rats was grafted in the ear of the same donor rats. 1, 3, 7 and14 days after grafting, rats were perfused and the tissue containing the graft was processed for histological conventional technique and for immunohistochemical detection of transforming growth factor-beta 1. Results: Heterotopically grafted apical papilla developed osteoid dentine. In an early post-grafting stage, odontoblast-like cells organized themselves in palisade and synthesized dentine. However, newly formed dentine possessed the structural appearance of reactive osteoid dentine, which was systematically destroyed by the activity of osteoclaste-like cells. Transforming Growth Factor-beta 1 was observed in mesenchymal cells, extracellular matrix of the graft and surrounding host tissue, while odontoblast-like cells were systematically devoid of immunoreactivity. Conclusion: The different expression of transforming growth factor-beta 1 between normal tissue and grafted tissue development suggests that in heterotopic graft conditions the inflammatory mediation of the transforming growth factor-beta 1 prevails against its morphogenetic role...

Analizar la expresión del factor transformador del crecimiento-beta1 en trasplantes heterotópicos de papila dental del incisivo de la rata adulta. Metodología: La papila apical del incisivo de 12 ratas Wistar adultas fue trasplantada en la oreja de las mismas ratas donantes, y perfundidas 1, 3, 7 y 14 días postrasplante. El tejido fue procesado para histología convencionaly para la detección inmunohistoquímica del factor transformador del crecimiento-beta1. Resultados: La papila apical trasplantada desarrolló osteodentina. En fases tempranas postrasplante se observaron células parecidas a los odontoblastos que se organizaron en empalizada y segregaron dentina que se depositó sobre su superficie apical o secretora. Esta dentina evolucionó a osteodentina caracterizada por perder su estructura tubular e incluir a las células odontoblásticas en lagunas de su matriz. Finalmente, la osteodentina presentó procesos líticos mediados por células de tipo osteoclasto. Durante todo el proceso la expresión del factor transformador del crecimiento-beta1 se restringió a las células mesenquimales, a la matriz del trasplante y a las zonas circundantes del huésped, estando ausente en los odontoblastos, a diferencia de lo que sucede durante la odontogénesis normal. Conclusión: La diferente localización de la expresión del Factor Transformador de crecimiento beta1 entre el tejido hospedero y el trasplantado sugieren que en condiciones de trasplante heterotópico de papila dental la mediación inflamatoria del Factor Transformador de crecimiento beta1 prevalece sobre su papel morfogenético...

Gammagrafía con hematíes desnaturalizados en el diagnóstico de esplenosis peritoneal en paciente con antecedente de hepatocarcinoma. A propósito de un caso / Usefulness of Tc-99m labelled heat-denatured red blood cell scintigraphy for diagnosis of peritoneal splenosis in a patient with hepatocellular cancer: a case report

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Ectopic pancreas as a rare cause of obstructive jaundice / Páncreas ectópico como causa rara de ictericia obstructiva

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A gastrocnemius heterotopical transplant model with end-to-side neurorraphy

PURPOSE: To present an animal model to assess the effects of end-to-side innervation in the heterotopically transplanted model with reduced chances of neural contamination. METHODS: The medial portion of the gastrocnemius muscle in wistar male rats was isolated and its pedicle dissected and performed a flap in the abdominal portion. To prevent neural contamination in the abdominal region, the muscle was wrapped with a Goretex(r) sheet. The specimens were divided into 2 groups (G). In G1 was performed an end-to-end suture between tibial nerve of the gastrocnemius and femoral motor nerve and between the saphenous sensory nerve and the motor nerve. In G2 was performed a end-to-side suture between the tibial nerve and the motor femoral and between the tibial nerve and saphenous motor nerve. The specimens were evaluated 60 days later to check the structure of the neurorraphy. Sections were obtained proximal and distal to the coaptation site. RESULTS: The medial gastrocnemius muscle had the advantage of maintaining visible mass after 60 days. No disruption of the coaptation site was found. No major injury to the donor nerve was seen in group 2. CONCLUSION: The proposed model is simple, reproduciple and prevent the neural contamination in the flap in end-to-side suture. .