Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 20 de 32
Filter
1.
Vet Med Sci ; 7(3): 714-723, 2021 05.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33314734

ABSTRACT

Atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV) was identified and associated with congenital tremor (CT) type A-II in new born piglets and has been reported in many countries. In China, the first APPV identification in swine herds was reported in Guangdong province in 2016. To investigate the genetic characteristics of APPV in Guangxi province, 53 tissue samples from neonatal piglets with CT were collected and detected from October 2017 to May 2019. Five APPV strains which were named as GX04/2017, GX01-2018, GX02-2018, GX01-2019 and GX02-2019 were obtained. Sequence analysis revealed that all six APPV strains from Guangxi province, including five strains from this study and one from a previous report, shared 83.3%-97.5% nucleotide identity of complete genome and 91.7%-99.1% amino acid identity of the open reading frame (ORF), and shared 77.7%-97.7% nucleotide identity of complete genome and 90.6%-99.3% amino acid identity of ORF with reference strains. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that all APPV strains could be divided into three clades based on the complete genome, Npro , Erns and E2 gene sequences, respectively; and the APPV strains from Guangxi province distributed in two clades (clades I and II). No sign of recombination was observed from Guangxi strains. Evolution analysis performed on the complete genome of 58 APPV strains showed that America, Europe and Asia strains during 2006-2019 evolved at a mean rate of 1.37 × 10-4 substitutions/site/year, and the most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) of them was estimated as 1,700.5 years ago. The findings of this study indicated that there existed a high degree of genetic diversity of APPV from Guangxi province, Southern China, which provided important information on the epidemiological features and evolutionary relationships of APPV.


Subject(s)
Evolution, Molecular , Genetic Variation , Pestivirus Infections/veterinary , Pestivirus/genetics , Swine Diseases/virology , Animals , China , Pestivirus Infections/virology , Phylogeny , Sus scrofa , Swine , Swine Diseases/congenital , Tremor/congenital , Tremor/veterinary , Tremor/virology
2.
Viruses ; 12(10)2020 09 25.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32992946

ABSTRACT

Atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV) is a single-stranded RNA virus from the family Flaviviridae, which is linked to congenital tremor (CT) type A-II in newborn piglets. Here, we retrospectively investigated the molecular evolution of APPV on an affected herd between 2013 and 2019. Monitoring was done at regular intervals, and the same genotype of APPV was found during the entire study period, suggesting no introductions from outside the farm. The nucleotide substitutions over time did not show substantial amino acid variation in the structural glycoproteins. Furthermore, the evolution of the virus showed mainly purifying selection, and no positive selection. The limited pressure on the virus to change at immune-dominant regions suggested that the immune pressure at the farm might be low. In conclusion, farms can have circulation of APPV for years, and massive testing and removal of infected animals are not sufficient to clear the virus from affected farms.


Subject(s)
Evolution, Molecular , Pestivirus Infections/veterinary , Pestivirus/genetics , Swine Diseases/virology , Animals , Animals, Newborn , Disease Outbreaks/veterinary , Genetic Variation , Genome, Viral/genetics , Pestivirus/isolation & purification , Pestivirus Infections/congenital , Pestivirus Infections/epidemiology , Pestivirus Infections/virology , Phylogeny , Retrospective Studies , Selection, Genetic , Swine , Swine Diseases/congenital , Swine Diseases/epidemiology , Tremor/congenital , Tremor/epidemiology , Tremor/veterinary , Tremor/virology , Viral Proteins/genetics
3.
Viruses ; 12(8)2020 08 18.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32824845

ABSTRACT

The atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV) belongs to the species Pestivirus K of the genus Pestivirus and the family Flaviviridae, and it has been associated with congenital tremor (CT) type A-II in newborn piglets. Although APPV was discovered in 2015, evidence shows that APPV has circulated in pig herds for many years, at least since 1986. Due to the frequently reported outbreaks of CT on different continents, the importance of this virus for global pig production is notable. Since 2015, several studies have been conducted to clarify the association between APPV and CT. However, some findings regarding APPV infection and the measures taken to control and prevent the spread of this virus need to be contextualized to understand the infection better. This review attempts to highlight advances in the understanding of APPV associated with type A-II CT, such as etiology, epidemiology, diagnosis, and control and prevention measures, and also describes the pathophysiology of the infection and its consequences for pig production. Further research still needs to be conducted to elucidate the host's immune response to APPV infection, the control and prevention of this infection, and the possible development of vaccines.


Subject(s)
Pestivirus Infections/physiopathology , Pestivirus Infections/veterinary , Pestivirus/classification , Pestivirus/pathogenicity , Tremor/congenital , Tremor/veterinary , Animals , Animals, Newborn/virology , Genome, Viral , Pestivirus Infections/epidemiology , Phylogeny , Swine/virology , Swine Diseases/epidemiology , Swine Diseases/virology , Tremor/virology
5.
Viruses ; 12(6)2020 06 24.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32599836

ABSTRACT

Atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV), currently classified as pestivirus K, causes congenital tremor (CT) type A-II in piglets. Eighteen APPV strains were identified from 2297 South Korean wild boars captured in 2019. Phylogenetic analysis of the structural protein E2 and nonstructural proteins NS3 and Npro classified the APPV viruses, including reference strains, into Clades I, II and III. Clade I was divided into four subclades; however, the strains belonging to the four subclades differed slightly, depending on the tree analysis, the NS3, E2, and Npro genes. The maximum-likelihood method was assigned to South Korean wild boar APPV strains to various subclades within the three trees: subclades I.1 and I.2 in the E2 tree, subclade I.1 in the Npro tree, and subclades I.1 and I.4 in the NS3 ML tree. In conclusion, APPV among South Korean wild boars belonging to Clade I may be circulating at a higher level than among the South Korean domestic pig populations.


Subject(s)
Genome, Viral/genetics , Pestivirus Infections/epidemiology , Pestivirus/classification , Pestivirus/genetics , RNA, Viral/genetics , Animals , Endopeptidases/genetics , Genetic Variation/genetics , Geography , Pestivirus/isolation & purification , Pestivirus Infections/veterinary , Phylogeny , Republic of Korea/epidemiology , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Sus scrofa , Swine , Swine Diseases/epidemiology , Swine Diseases/virology , Tremor/virology , Viral Envelope Proteins/genetics , Viral Nonstructural Proteins/genetics
6.
World Neurosurg ; 141: 253-259, 2020 09.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32565375

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The authors present a case of a 66-year-old male who was diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus, and his medical course of highly active antiretroviral therapy was complicated with the development of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome, which led to development of movement disorder consisting of right-sided resting tremor, neck dystonia, and jaw clenching. CASE DESCRIPTION: The patient's symptoms resembled that of rubral tremor, and he underwent placement of a deep brain stimulation electrode into the left ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus with significant improvement of symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first reported case in the literature of a human immunodeficiency virus-positive patient's treatment course complicated with immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome with neurologic manifestation, which was refractory to medical therapy and thus treated with deep brain stimulation.


Subject(s)
Deep Brain Stimulation , HIV/pathogenicity , Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome/therapy , Tremor/virology , Aged , Ataxia/therapy , Ataxia/virology , Deep Brain Stimulation/adverse effects , Humans , Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome/complications , Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome/virology , Male , Thalamus/surgery , Thalamus/virology , Tremor/diagnosis , Tremor/etiology , Tremor/surgery
7.
J Neurovirol ; 26(4): 611-614, 2020 08.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32472356

ABSTRACT

West Nile virus neuroinvasive disease (WNVND) manifests with meningitis, encephalitis, and/or acute flaccid paralysis. It represents less than 1% of the clinical syndromes associated with West Nile virus (WNV) infection in immunocompetent patients. Immunosuppressive therapy is associated with increased risk of WNVND and worse prognosis. We present a patient with WNVND during therapy with rituximab, and a review of the literature for previous similar cases with the goal to describe the clinical spectrum of WNVND in patients treated specifically with rituximab. Our review indicates that the most common initial complaints are fever and altered mental status, brain magnetic resonance imaging often shows bilateral thalamic hyperintensities, and cerebrospinal analysis consistently reveals mild lymphocytic pleocytosis with elevated protein, positive WNV polymerase chain reaction, and negative WNV antibodies. Treatment is usually supportive care, with intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) plus corticosteroids and WNV-specific IVIG also used. The disease is usually fatal despite intervention. Our patient's presentation was very similar to prior reports, however demonstrated spontaneous improvement with supportive management only. WNVND is a rare and serious infection with poor prognosis when associated with rituximab therapy. Diagnosis is complicated by absent or delayed development of antibodies. The presence of bilateral thalamic involvement is a diagnostic clue for WNVND. There is insufficient evidence to recommend the use of corticosteroids or IVIG.


Subject(s)
Immunocompromised Host , Leukocytosis/immunology , Lymphoma, Follicular/immunology , Rituximab/adverse effects , Tremor/immunology , West Nile Fever/immunology , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/adverse effects , Cyclophosphamide/adverse effects , Doxorubicin/adverse effects , Female , Humans , Immunoglobulins, Intravenous/therapeutic use , Leukocytosis/diagnostic imaging , Leukocytosis/etiology , Leukocytosis/virology , Lymphoma, Follicular/diagnosis , Lymphoma, Follicular/drug therapy , Lymphoma, Follicular/pathology , Middle Aged , Prednisone/adverse effects , Thalamus/diagnostic imaging , Thalamus/immunology , Thalamus/virology , Tremor/diagnostic imaging , Tremor/etiology , Tremor/virology , Vincristine/adverse effects , West Nile Fever/diagnostic imaging , West Nile Fever/etiology , West Nile Fever/virology , West Nile virus/immunology , West Nile virus/pathogenicity
8.
Viruses ; 11(10)2019 09 21.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31546571

ABSTRACT

Atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV) is a widely distributed pathogen causing congenital tremor (CT) in piglets. So far, no data are available regarding the humoral immune response against APPV. In this study, piglets and their sows from an affected herd were tested longitudinally for viral genome and antibodies. APPV genome was detected in the majority of the piglets (14/15) from CT affected litters. Transient infection of gilts was observed. Kinetics of Erns- and E2-specific antibodies and their neutralizing capacity were determined by recently (Erns) and newly (E2) developed antibody ELISAs and virus neutralization assays. Putative maternally derived antibodies (MDA) were detected in most piglets, but displayed only low to moderate neutralizing capacity (ND50 ≤ 112). Horizontal APPV transmission occurred when uninfected and infected piglets were mingled on the flat deck. Horizontally infected piglets were clinically inapparent and showed only transient viremia with subsequently consistently high E2 antibody levels. For piglets from CT affected litters, significantly lower neutralizing antibody titers were observed. Results indicate that E2 represents the main target of neutralizing antibodies. Characterization of the humoral immune response against APPV will help to provide valuable serological diagnosis, to understand the epidemiology of this novel pathogen, and to implement tailored prevention strategies.


Subject(s)
Pestivirus Infections/veterinary , Pestivirus/immunology , Swine Diseases/immunology , Animals , Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood , Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology , Antibodies, Viral/blood , Antibodies, Viral/immunology , Female , Genome, Viral , Kinetics , Pestivirus/genetics , Pestivirus Infections/congenital , Pestivirus Infections/immunology , Pestivirus Infections/virology , Sus scrofa , Swine , Swine Diseases/congenital , Swine Diseases/virology , Tremor/congenital , Tremor/immunology , Tremor/veterinary , Tremor/virology , Viral Envelope Proteins/immunology , Viral Load
9.
Virology ; 533: 50-58, 2019 07.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31103885

ABSTRACT

Atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV), a newly discovered member of the genus Pestivirus, is considered to be associated with congenital tremors (CT) in piglets. From June 2016 to January 2018, 440 serum and tissue samples from CT-affected piglets in Anhui, Guangdong and Guangxi provinces were collected to detect APPV. The results showed a high level of 63.4% preference for APPV in 27 swine farms and complicated co-infection cases between APPV and other 12 swine viruses. Meanwhile, 12 novel APPV genomes were screened and identified. Results showed that complete genomes, Npro and NS5A genes of these novel 12 APPV sequences revealed 80.5%-99.8%, 78%-100% and 76.9%-99.8% nucleotide identities, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses based on sequences of full-length genomes, Npro and NS5A genes of APPV indicated three well-defined clades including a newly emerging branch in China. This study provides novel epidemiological information of APPV in China.


Subject(s)
Genome, Viral , Pestivirus Infections/veterinary , Pestivirus/genetics , Pestivirus/isolation & purification , Swine Diseases/virology , Tremor/veterinary , Animals , Animals, Newborn/virology , China , Pestivirus/classification , Pestivirus Infections/congenital , Pestivirus Infections/virology , Phylogeny , Swine , Tremor/congenital , Tremor/virology
10.
Article in German | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30142659

ABSTRACT

Congenital tremor (CT) or "shaking piglet" syndrome of newborn piglets is a well-known disease caused by different factors and resulting in different pathological alterations. In addition to non-infectious causes (like intoxication and genetic alterations), viral infections of the sow during gestation are of utmost importance. It has long time been known that classical swine fever virus, a virus belonging to the genus Pestivirus within the family Flaviviridae, induces CT. Very recently, a novel porcine pestivirus was discovered, which is also capable to induce the disease and was designated as "atypical porcine pestivirus" (APPV). APPV infection is apparently highly prevalent in pig populations worldwide. This article reviews the different forms of CT and summarizes recent studies of the newly discovered virus.


Subject(s)
Pestivirus/isolation & purification , Swine Diseases/virology , Tremor/veterinary , Animals , Animals, Newborn/virology , Pestivirus/classification , Swine , Swine Diseases/physiopathology , Tremor/physiopathology , Tremor/virology
11.
Vet Microbiol ; 220: 107-112, 2018 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29885794

ABSTRACT

Congenital tremor in pigs involves several etiologies, including pestivirus, which may cause neurological injuries in different animal species. To evaluate whether bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), an important pestivirus, is one of the etiological agents of congenital tremor in swine, gilts and the fetuses were challenged at 45 days of gestation with BVDV-2. Four pregnant gilts were inoculated oronasally, four gilts underwent fetal intrauterine inoculation, and two gilts constituted the control group. Antibody titers were determined by virus neutralization (VN), and viral RNA was detected by RT-PCR. Blood samples were collected from all gilts and piglets born to obtain whole blood and serum for analysis. One third of the neonates were euthanized at three days old, and samples of the encephalon, brain stem and spinal cord were collected for anatomopathological evaluation and viral RNA detection. The piglets that remained alive were clinically evaluated every day, and blood sampling was performed regularly for 35 days. The piglets from gilts in both inoculation treatment groups showed no clinical neurological signs and were born with no viral RNA in their blood and organs. Piglets born from oronasally inoculated gilts did not present antibodies against BVDV-2 at birth, although they were acquired by passive maternal transfer. In contrast, intrauterine-inoculated piglets were born with high antibody titers (80 to 640) against the agent, which remained high until the end of the experimental period. Microscopically, no noticeable changes were observed. Macroscopically, 29.5% of the total piglets euthanized, from both inoculation groups, were born with a low cerebellar:brain ratio. Nevertheless, some piglets had a high cerebellar:brain ratio, indicating the need for standardizing this value. Thus, it was concluded that BVDV is not an etiological agent for congenital swine tremor.


Subject(s)
Bovine Virus Diarrhea-Mucosal Disease/virology , Cerebellum/abnormalities , Nervous System Malformations/veterinary , Swine Diseases/congenital , Tremor/congenital , Tremor/etiology , Animals , Animals, Suckling , Antibodies, Viral/blood , Brain/virology , Cattle , Cerebellum/virology , Developmental Disabilities/virology , Diarrhea Virus 2, Bovine Viral/genetics , Diarrhea Virus 2, Bovine Viral/isolation & purification , Female , Fetus/virology , Nervous System Malformations/virology , Placenta/virology , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/virology , RNA, Viral/genetics , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , Swine , Swine Diseases/virology , Tremor/virology
13.
Transbound Emerg Dis ; 65(2): 375-380, 2018 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29393592

ABSTRACT

Atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV) has been detected in piglets with congenital tremor (CT) from three different continents including North America, Europe and Asia. Thirteen piglets from four farms in two different states in Brazil with CT were sampled. Viral RNA was detected by quantitative real-time PCR in the cerebellum or cerebellum and spinal cord in the 100% of the piglets with CT, and APPV was not detected in any tissue sample from clinically non-affected piglets with the exception of the cerebellum of one piglet from Farm A. Piglets with CT had an odds ratio of 99.0 (95% CI 3.4, 2823.8; p = .0072) compared to piglets without CT to test positive for APPV by qRT-PCR. A subset of positive samples was selected for sequencing of the NS3 gene. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Brazilian sequences of the NS3 formed an independent cluster and had the highest sequence identity with a sequence from the United States. This is the first identification of APPV infection in piglets with CT in South America.


Subject(s)
Animals, Suckling/virology , Central Nervous System/virology , Pestivirus Infections/veterinary , Pestivirus/isolation & purification , Swine Diseases/diagnosis , Tremor/veterinary , Animals , Brazil/epidemiology , Female , Male , Pestivirus/genetics , Pestivirus/immunology , Pestivirus Infections/diagnosis , Pestivirus Infections/epidemiology , Pestivirus Infections/virology , Phylogeny , RNA, Viral/genetics , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary , Swine , Swine Diseases/epidemiology , Swine Diseases/virology , Tremor/diagnosis , Tremor/epidemiology , Tremor/virology
14.
Transbound Emerg Dis ; 65(2): 331-337, 2018 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29322653

ABSTRACT

The recently described atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV) has been associated with congenital tremor (CT) type A-II in piglets in different countries. Another important neurological pathogen of pigs is porcine teschovirus (PTV), which has been associated with non-suppurative encephalomyelitis in pigs with severe or mild neurological disorders. There have been no reports of APPV and/or PTV coinfection associated with CT or encephalomyelitis in Brazilian pig herds. The aim of this study was to describe the pathological and molecular findings associated with simultaneous infection of APPV and PTV in piglets with clinical manifestations of CT that were derived from a herd with high rates of CT-associated lethality. In 2017, three piglets from the same litter with CT died spontaneously. The principal pathological alterations in all piglets were secondary demyelination and hypomyelination at the cerebellum, brainstem and spinal cord confirmed by histopathology and luxol fast blue-cresyl violet stain. Additional significant pathological findings included multifocal neuronal necrosis, neuronophagia and gliosis found in the cerebral cortex and spinal cord of all piglets, while atrophic enteritis and mesocolonic oedema were observed in some of them. APPV and PTV RNA were detected in the central nervous system of affected piglets, and PTV was also detected in the intestine and faeces. The pathological alterations and molecular findings together suggest a dual infection due to APPV and PTV at this farm. Moreover, the combined effects of these pathogens can be attributed to the elevated piglet mortality, as coinfections involving PTV have a synergistic effect on the affected animals.


Subject(s)
Pestivirus Infections/veterinary , Pestivirus/isolation & purification , Picornaviridae Infections/veterinary , Swine Diseases/virology , Teschovirus/isolation & purification , Tremor/veterinary , Animals , Brazil , Coinfection , Feces/virology , Pestivirus Infections/mortality , Pestivirus Infections/virology , Picornaviridae Infections/mortality , Picornaviridae Infections/virology , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , Swine , Swine Diseases/mortality , Tremor/mortality , Tremor/virology
15.
Transbound Emerg Dis ; 65(2): e501-e504, 2018 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29178610

ABSTRACT

Outbreaks of trembling and shaking were reported among pigs at two pig farms in Jiangsu Province, China. Serum and tissue samples tested positive for porcine circovirus-like virus P1 and negative for classical swine fever virus, porcine circovirus type 2, astrovirus and porcine pestivirus using PCR/RT-PCR and immunohistochemical techniques. High P1 viral genome loads were identified in sera, brain and lymph node tissue samples by qPCR. In addition, one of the most notable pathological changes was dissolution of the nucleus in Purkinje cells. The results of this study provide molecular evidence of an association between congenital tremor in pigs and P1 virus.


Subject(s)
Animals, Newborn/virology , Circoviridae Infections/veterinary , Circovirus/isolation & purification , Genome, Viral/genetics , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary , Swine Diseases/virology , Tremor/veterinary , Animals , China/epidemiology , Circoviridae Infections/epidemiology , Circoviridae Infections/genetics , Circoviridae Infections/virology , Circovirus/genetics , Farms , Swine , Swine Diseases/epidemiology , Swine Diseases/genetics , Tremor/congenital , Tremor/virology , Viral Load
16.
J Vet Sci ; 19(3): 468-471, 2018 May 31.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29284212

ABSTRACT

Recently, a novel atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV) in pig was reported. In this study, two APPV strains, APPV-China/GZ01/2016 (GZ01) and APPV-China/GD-SD/2016 (GD-SD), were identified in two newborn piglet herds with congenital tremor from China. The open reading frame of the two strains shared an 83.5% nucleotide identity. Phylogenetically, the APPV strains were placed into two groups: GZ01 belonged to group I and GD-SD belonged to group II. A high viral load was detected in the cerebellum (quantification cycles < 26). Further studies should be carried out to thoroughly elucidate the development of congenital tremors caused by APPV.


Subject(s)
Genome, Viral , Pestivirus Infections/veterinary , Pestivirus/genetics , Swine Diseases/congenital , Tremor/veterinary , Animals , China , Pestivirus/isolation & purification , Pestivirus Infections/congenital , Pestivirus Infections/virology , Swine , Swine Diseases/virology , Tremor/congenital , Tremor/virology
17.
Transbound Emerg Dis ; 65(1): 22-26, 2018 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29119697

ABSTRACT

Recently, a putative new pestivirus species, provisionally named as Atypical Porcine Pestivirus (APPV), was associated with the congenital tremor in piglets in North America and consequently in Europe and Asia. The present research aimed to describe the detection and characterization of APPV employing NS5B gene partial sequencing, gross pathology and histologic examination of piglets displaying congenital tremor from two different farms of Southern Brazil. No gross lesions were observed, and the histological findings revealed moderate vacuolization of the white matter of the cerebellum. RT-PCR followed by DNA sequencing and a phylogenetic analysis confirmed the presence of APPV in samples from the two farms, which the samples were distinct in nature. Phylogenetic reconstruction reinforced the high genetic variability within the APPVs previously reported. This is the first report of APPV in South America suggesting that this new group of viruses may be widespread in swine herds in other countries as it is in Brazil.


Subject(s)
Pestivirus/classification , Swine Diseases/virology , Tremor/veterinary , Animals , Brazil/epidemiology , Female , Pestivirus/genetics , Pestivirus/isolation & purification , Phylogeny , Sequence Analysis, DNA/veterinary , Swine , Swine Diseases/congenital , Swine Diseases/epidemiology , Tremor/congenital , Tremor/epidemiology , Tremor/virology
18.
Transbound Emerg Dis ; 64(6): 1650-1654, 2017 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28975769

ABSTRACT

Porcine circovirus 3 (PCV3) is a novel circovirus first discovered in the United States in piglets and sows with porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome, reproductive failure, cardiac and multisystemic inflammation. Here, seven PCV3 strains were identified for the first time from neonatal pigs with clinical signs of congenital tremors (CT) in South China. The tissue tropism of PCV3 in CT-affected piglets was analysed by the real-time quantitative PCR, and the result showed that high loads of viral genomes were detected in the brains and hearts. The complete genomes of seven new PCV3 revealed 96.8%-99.6% nucleotide identities with eleven other PCV3 strains previously reported from the United States and China. Phylogenetic analysis based on the complete genome sequences showed that all PCV3 strains clustered together and were clearly separated from other circovirus species. This study reports on the first identification of PCV3 in CT-affected newborn piglets and provides the epidemiological information of neonatal piglets with CT in Guangdong and Guangxi Provinces of China.


Subject(s)
Circoviridae Infections/veterinary , Circovirus/isolation & purification , Swine Diseases/epidemiology , Tremor/veterinary , Animals , Animals, Newborn , China/epidemiology , Circoviridae Infections/congenital , Circoviridae Infections/epidemiology , Circoviridae Infections/virology , Circovirus/classification , Circovirus/genetics , Prevalence , Sus scrofa , Swine , Swine Diseases/congenital , Swine Diseases/virology , Tremor/congenital , Tremor/epidemiology , Tremor/virology
19.
Vet Rec ; 180(2): 42-43, 2017 Jan 14.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28082699
20.
Neurotherapeutics ; 13(3): 461-70, 2016 07.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27412684

ABSTRACT

Ebola virus disease is one of the deadliest pathogens known to man, with a mortality rate between 25-90% depending on the species and outbreak of Ebola. Typically, it presents with fever, headache, voluminous vomiting and diarrhea, and can progress to a hemorrhagic illness; neurologic symptoms, including meningoencephalitis, seizures, and coma, can also occur. Recently, an outbreak occurred in West Africa, affecting > 28,000 people, and killing > 11,000. Owing to the magnitude of this outbreak, and the large number (>17,000) of Ebola survivors, the medical and scientific communities are learning much more about the acute manifestations and sequelae of Ebola. A number of neurologic complications can occur after Ebola, such as seizures, memory loss, headaches, cranial nerve abnormalities, and tremor. Ebola may also persist in some immunologically privileged sites, including the central nervous system, and can rarely lead to relapse in disease. Owing to these findings, it is important that survivors are evaluated and monitored for neurologic symptoms. Much is unknown about this disease, and treatment remains largely supportive; however, with ongoing clinical and basic science, the mechanisms of how Ebola affects the central nervous system and how it persists after acute disease will hopefully become more clear, and better treatments and clinical practices for Ebola patients will be developed.


Subject(s)
Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/complications , Nervous System Diseases/virology , Brain/pathology , Brain/physiopathology , Brain/virology , Cranial Nerve Diseases/virology , Disease Outbreaks , Disease Transmission, Infectious , Headache/virology , Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/epidemiology , Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/physiopathology , Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/prevention & control , Humans , Memory Disorders/virology , Meningoencephalitis/virology , Nervous System Diseases/pathology , Nervous System Diseases/physiopathology , Seizures/virology , Tremor/virology
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL
...